• Report lost items and seek help
• Talk about mishaps and near–miss incidents
• Express sympathy and provide comfort

• INGREDIENTS – 단어 Vocabulary
  • Accidents and incidents
• RECIPE – 문법과 표현 Grammar
  • V–아/어 버리다
  • V–(으)ㄹ 뻔하다
  • V–았/었다가
• LET’S COOK – 해 봐요! Classroom Tasks
  • Interpretive Task 1: The golden ax, the silver ax
  • Interpretive & Interpersonal Task 2: Lost & found at the airport
  • Presentational Task 3: Storytelling
• KOREAN FLAVORS – 한국어와 한국 문화 Korean Language and Culture
  • Verbs are everywhere! 3
  • Crime and emergency numbers in South Korea
• NOW YOU TRY! – 스스로 해봐요! Async. Practices and Tasks
  • Integrated Performance Task Link
  • WB Link

Have you ever lost your phone or something else important to you? What did you do? Share your experience with your classmates.

1. V–아/어 버리다 do and be done with

버리다 means “to throw something away,” or “dispose of or ruin something”:

When used as an auxiliary verb in –아/어 버리다, the phrase means to get something over with:

2. V–아/어 버렸다 went and did something

Verb–아/어 버렸다, in the past tense, means “went and did something (sort of giving up),” often because the doer is under duress or stress. It can also mean “ended up Verbing,” when the situation is beyond your control.

Under one’s control, but under duress:

Beyond one’s control:

3. Conjugation

This ending is used only with verbs. Conjugate these verbs on your own:

<Answer key> 눌러 버리다, 고쳐 버리다, 두고 와 버리다, 고장내 버리다, 들어 버리다

1. V–(으)ㄹ 뻔했다 almost, nearly V

–(으) 뻔했다, always used in the past tense, means something almost happened. It carries a sense of shock that something negative could have happened or almost happened. The leading clause has connectors like –는데 and –으려다가, which leads up to what almost happened. The exaggerative adverb 하마터면 (nearly, almost) can also be used:

For something that almost happened that is under your control, –(으)려다가 should be used:

–(으)ㄹ 뻔했다 is not usually used with adjectives. In rare cases when it is, the adjectives show up in completive form “–었으면, –(으)ㄹ 뻔했다” to mean “if it had been…” or “it otherwise would have been…”:

1. (A)/V–다(가) a switch in the middle of an action

In Lesson 13, you learned –다(가) with no tense marker means “… in the middle of VERBing, suddenly…”

Since the activity is interrupted, –다(가) phrases often precede an action:

2. (A)/V–았/었다(가) 1 Quick flip-flops

–다(가) attached to a past tense verb indicates a completed action that is immediately followed upon by a usually contrasting action. The two actions (or states) appear in serial forms V + V or A + A:

–았/었다(가) may express a mild annoyance at back-and-forth short, repeated actions or states:

3. V–았/었다가 2 One thing leads to another…

Another usage for –았/었다(가) is where the first action is the basis for the next; the second action is a swift and direct consequence of the first and is often unexpected or incidental.

4. Conjugation

Try conjugating the following verbs and adjectives on your own:

<Answer key> 섰다가, 가져갔다가, 왔다가, 흐렸다가, 추웠다가

Create a role play with your partner using the key grammar expressions and new vocabulary from this lesson. Include 5 to 6 meaningful rounds of dialogue. Take turns and feel free to add details to make the conversation lively.

• Context: Your friend had a challenging day yesterday and needs someone to talk to. Discuss the incidents that occurred yesterday in detail. Express concern for the friend who had a tough day and provide emotional support.
• Participants: Two close friends who meet for lunch
• Key Expressions: –아/어 버리다, –(으)ㄹ 뻔했다, –았/었다가
• Sample dialogue:

금도끼 은도끼

You will watch a video story about a Korean folktale, “금도끼 은도끼 (The Golden Ax, The Silver Ax).”

Helpful Vocabulary

1. First, listen to the story without subtitles and write down your answers to the questions below in Korean. Then, talk with your classmates about what you wrote down.

2. Role Play: Now, listen to the story once again, and do a role play with your partner, one as a woodcutter and one as a mountain spirit. You may change roles with your partner and role play again.

Lost & Found at the Airport

Read the information about “Lost and Found” services on an airport website in Korea.

Based on the information you read, complete the summary chart of the key information in Korean.

2. Now, with your partner, ask and talk about the information you discovered.

Storytelling

Share your story about the following topics in a small group, and then present it in class.

1. Have you ever had something undesired almost happen to you?
Share your story with your group (Useful grammar: –(으)ㄹ 뻔했던 적이 있다; –다가/–(았/었)다가)

2. Have you lost or found a pet – or something else — at some point in your life? Please elaborate on your story by incorporating some of the following:

• Is there something you lost and you’ve never found?
• Where and how did you lose it?
• What did you do when you realized that you had lost it?
• Where and how did you find it?
• How much later?
• What does it look like?
• How did you have it in the first place?
• How long did you keep it? What does it mean to you?

We will continue the review of useful verb + verb structures. Again, study these verb series carefully, and your life in Korean will see much improvement!

1. V–어 + 있다

V–어 있다 expresses that the subject of the verb is in a state that is the result of having done the verb.  If John has gone to Korea, then John is gone to Korea.  If John has stood up, John is standing/is stood.

However, if John has slept, there is no way to express the state that results from his having slept in the Korean language (or even in English. If someone has slept, he is not currently sleeping as a result!) This is why it is not possible to say *그 사람은 잠을 자 있어요. Also, if someone has started preparing something, there is no resulting state for that someone (thus *그 사람은 준비해 있다 is wrong). On the other hand, if something was prepared, the resultant state is that that something is prepared (ready) (thus 저녁식사가 준비되어 있다 is O.K.). Examine the following and get a feel for what is possible to say with –어 있다:

All these non-verbs can work if 고 있다 is used: 먹고 있다, 마시고 있다, 자고 있다, etc. The asterisk (*) means the sentence is ungrammatical.

Now let’s venture further out to the Verb–어 Verb structure where the second verb is something other than 있다.

2. V–어(서) + Verb

When you use the Verb1–어(서) Verb2 sequence, the first verb expresses how, the manner in which the second is carried out.

Here are some example sentences:

To make the manner part more salient, or to emphasize that the how part has to happen first, the first verb can be used with –어서 instead of –어, especially in spoken Korean:

You now have complete understanding of why you use -어(서) 가다/오다 to express “walk to…” Walking is a manner.

The reason you have to say 버스를 타고 가다 (and not 타 가다) is because 타다 in Korean means get on and not ride. That is, it’s not a manner verb. (You can’t go by getting on. You get on a bus and then go.) The same is true for 입고 가다 (and not 입어 가다) — because 입다 really means to put on. Again, it is not a manner verb. (You can’t go by putting on. You put on something and then go.)

Crime Rate and Emergency Numbers in South Korea

The crime rate in Korea is remarkably low, even in Seoul, a major metropolis. South Korea ranked 128th among 144 countries in the Crime Index, solidifying its position as one of the safest countries globally (Click this link for the complete list). So, it is not surprising to see people leaving their belongings unattended on cafe tables or strolling through downtown Seoul at midnight. Contributing to this security is the widespread presence of CCTV cameras across the country, fostering awareness among Korean citizens and deterring miscellaneous crimes. Incidents like pickpocketing, purse snatching, assault, and burglary are exceptionally rare in South Korea. However, it is prudent to exercise caution, especially in metropolitan areas. And it wouldn’t hurt to remember these numbers just in case:

• 112  Emergency crime reporting (police)
• 119  Emergency reporting (fire & ambulance)
• 110  Non-emergency reporting

Don’t hesitate to ask people around you in Korea for help. Koreans will be happy to help you, they are just too shy to offer!