• Read and understand the main ideas of instructions and manuals.
• Pass on what you heard someone say.
• Share information about neighbor etiquette.

• INGREDIENTS – 단어 Vocabulary
  • Neighborhood etiquette & recycling
• RECIPE – 문법과 표현 Grammar
  • Plain speech style
  • Short-form indirect speech
  • V–아/어 놓다/두다
• LET’S COOK – 해 봐요! Classroom Tasks
  • Interpretive Task 1. Conversation about neighbor etiquette
  • Interpretive & Interpersonal Task 2. Public notice on the neighborhood website
  • Interpersonal & Presentational Task 3. Residential life guidelines
• KOREAN FLAVORS – 한국어와 한국 문화 Korean Language and Culture
  • More about –은/는 3
  • Neighbor etiquette
• I GOT THIS! – 할 수 있어요! Async. Practices and Tasks
  • Integrated Performance Task Link
  • WB Link

What information do you need when you move into a new place, and where would you find that information? Now let’s read these two dialogues. What are they talking about?

1. Plain Style in Korean

When we speak Korean, we know how to vary sentence endings to be polite and formal or casual, depending on who we are talking to. When we write with a specific reader in mind, we can employ the same speech endings to address our reader as well, if the writing is personal. If you are writing to your friend, you can be casual. If you are writing to your professor, you can be formal or casual, but you probably want to be very polite. What about when you write for varied readers (like community rules on a bulletin board) or when you do not want any readers (like your journal entries)? In these cases, a sentence ending that is blind to social standing must be used: namely, the ‘No Specified Addressee (NoSA)’ Style or simply, the ‘Plain’ Style. Thus, stories reported in the newspaper, academic writing, some public announcements, and entries in your journal all use the Plain Style:

Conjugation

The Plain Style can be used in speaking as well, but we are focusing on its written usage in this chapter.

To conjugate:

• For adjectives, use –다
  • 이다, 있다/없다, –고 싶다, –기 싫다, –고 있다, and –(으)시 (with adjectives) conjugate like adjectives
• For verbs ending in a consonant, use –는다
  • 있다 when it means to stay, it conjugates like verbs; –지 않다 and –아/어지다 conjugate like verbs;
• For verbs ending in a vowel, use –ㄴ다
  • Verbs with –(으)시 conjugate like verbs
• For the past tense, use –(아/어)ㅆ다; For the future tense, use –(으)ㄹ 것이다 (–(으)ㄹ 거다 for short).

Beware: For 하다 verbs, the conjugation is XX한다. For 하다 adjectives, it is XX하다.

Add your own 하다 adjectives and verbs to the list!

See how verbs and adjectives with stacked endings and helping verbs conjugate:

동네가 점점 위험해진다. 모두들 쓰레기도 아무 데나 버리고 있다. 집주인 아주머니는 신경을 못 쓰신다. 아니, 쓰지 않으신다. 여러가지 일로 항상 바쁘시다. 이곳에는 친구도 없다. 이 동네에서 살기 싫다. 학교 근처로 이사하고 싶다.

The neighborhood is getting more and more dangerous. Everyone is currently throwing away garbage just about anywhere. The landlady can’t give it too much attention. No, she doesn’t pay attention. She is always busy with various things. I don’t even have friends here. I don’t want to live in this neighborhood. I want to move near the school.

2. Conjugation

Try on your own:

<Answer key> 듣는다, 들었다, 들을 것이다, 만들다, 만들었다, 만들 것이다, 시작한다, 시작했다, 시작할 것이다, 위험하다, 위험했다, 위험할 것이다, 길다, 길었다, 길 것이다, 괴롭다, 괴로웠다, 괴로울 것이다, 재활용이다, 재활용이었다, 재활용일 것이다, 봉투다, 봉투였다, 봉투일 것이다

1. Indirect Quotation (Short Form, statements)

The PLAIN Style endings are also used when you report what others have said.

The basic structure for indirect quotation is [a sentence in PLAIN form + the connector 고 + a verb of saying]. This is the full form of indirect quotation. Here we’ll learn the more common shortened forms, –래요 from (이)라고 해요 and –(ㄴ)대요 from –(ㄴ)다고 해요.

Just like in English indirect quotation, where you can leave out the that connector, (e.g. I told him THAT he was a goof), you can leave out –고 in Korean in conversational speech (e.g. 그 사람 오늘 온다(고) 했지? He said he was coming today, right?). Taking it one step further, (ㄴ)다 + 해 blends into (ㄴ)대: 그 사람 오늘 온댔지? (from 온ㄷ(ㅏ고 ㅎ)ㅐㅆ지?).

Since you use a PLAIN form for the sentence you are reporting that someone said, you don’t include any of the endings they might have used, such as “–지(요), –ㄴ데(요).

–래요 and –(ㄴ)대요 forms are only for reporting statements and not questions, commands, or let’s suggestions. Also, you have to use a longer form or quotation for clarification of what “you” and “I” said. 뭐라고? Whadju say? 먹는다고! I said I’m eating this!

2. Conjugation

To conjugate:

• For the plain form of adjectives, add 대(요) to the adjective root.
• For the plain form of verbs, add –는대(요) after verb roots ending in a consonant, and –ㄴ대(요) after verbs roots ending in a vowel.
• For Noun이다, add –(이)래(요) after the noun.
• For the past tense, make the past tense root with 았/었 plus 대[요]).
• For the future tense (or conjecture about present situations), use –(으)ㄹ 거래(요).

Try on your own:

<Answer key> 들었다, 들을 거래요, 만든대요, 만들었대요, 만들 거래요, 시작한대요, 시작했대요, 시작할 거래요, 위험하대요, 위험했대요, 위험할 거래요, 길대요, 길었대요, 길 거래요, 괴롭대요, 괴로웠대요, 괴로울 거래요, 재활용이래요, 재활용이었대요, 재활용일 거래요, 봉투래요, 봉투였대요, 봉투일 거래요

1. V–아/어 놓다 get something done and ready

놓다 means to release or let go (of something), or put/set something down.

When 놓다 is used as an auxiliary verb with the –어/아 form of preceding verb, the phrase all together means to get something done or leave it VERBed, often with the sense of in preparation or ahead of time (for a relatively imminent specific purpose), or perhaps with a sense of VERBing and letting go (of your worries).  There is no perfect or consistent English translation, but see if you can get a sense of how this phrase works from the example sentences below.  Verb–아/어 놓다 is only used with active/action verbs:

놓아 can be shortened to 놔 in spoken Korean.

2. V–아/어 두다 get something done for future use

두다 means to keep in one place/leave aside (for future use).

So, while Verb–아/어 놓다 means ‘to get something done and ready for a relatively imminent specific purpose’ (and in the sense that the task-to-do is out of one’s hair), Verb–아/어 두다 means ‘to get/leave something done and ready in place for a more distant future use.’ Some Korean speakers may not make any distinction between –아/어 놓다 and –아/어 두다.

3. Conjugation

These endings follow the –어/아 type conjugation rules. Try on your own:

<Answer key> 만들어 놓다, 구워 놓다, 잘라 놓다, 들어 두다, 틀어 두다, 내 두다, 가입해 두다

Create a role play with your partner using the key grammar expressions and new vocabulary from this lesson. Include 5 or 6 meaningful rounds of dialogue. Take turns and feel free to add details to make the conversation lively.

• Context: Two dormmates are talking about an upcoming move to a new apartment and sharing useful tips and etiquette for living in the apartment.
• Participants: A student and their friend who lives in the same dormitory
• Key Expressions: plain speech style, short-form indirect speech, –아/어 두다/놓다
• Sample dialogue:

Austin found a great new place he likes and moved in. Listening to the dialogue between Austin and his next-door neighbor, write down notes in Korean to make an informative guide to the neighborhood.

아파트 생활 규칙		소음: ________________다.
쓰레기 버리는 방법		일반 쓰레기: ________________다.
		음식물 쓰레기: ________________다.
		재활용: ________________다. 재활용: ________________다. 재활용: ________________다.

Now, talk with your classmates to share the information each of you wrote down. Try your best to use the quotation -대요/래요 ending you learned in this lesson. Then, listen to the dialogue again to see if you got all the helpful information.

Helpful Vocabulary

Austin joined his neighbor group’s online site and found some helpful information for residents.

1. Read the following notice on the apartment bulletin board. Take turns with your classmates sharing the information, using the quotation form –대/래(요).
2. If your friends (who don’t know Korean) from the US visit you, how would you explain the suggested etiquette in English?

Helpful Vocabulary

Office of Residential Life: Residential Living Guidelines

Group work: 2-3 people in one group.

You are one of the undergraduate interns at your school’s Office of the Residential Life on Campus at Seoul University. Your office is updating the residential living guidelines for its incoming students.

1. Choose ONE topic from the following list.

• 기숙사 생활 안내: 기숙사 출입, 자전거 주차, 안전한 생활
• 기숙사 생활예절 안내: 소음, 쓰레기 버리기, 재활용하기, 배달 음식 쓰레기 처리하기 (handling)하기
• 기숙사 시설 이용 안내: 학생 식당, 체육관, 도서관, 부엌, 세탁실, 우편함, 샤워실, 화장실
• Your own

2. Discuss the essential information that the incoming students should pay attention to.
3. Lay out the content for your information booklet with your team members.
4. Present the guidelines your team prepared to the class and take questions and answer them.

은/는 with other markers

In the Language Point section of last chapter, we saw how은/는 replaces the subject marker -이/가  on a subject in a sentence with a nuanced consequence. When 은/는 marks the object of the sentence, it is usually for added contrast:

When nouns with other markers are topicalized or contrasted, 은/는 is added after the marker:

There are other kinds of nouns or noun phrases you can add 은/는 to mark a topic:

은/는 can even be attached to the connector -지만!

The new cool way to spell this is 그렸지마는!

What is TOPICalized or being CONTRASTed tends to come to the beginning of the sentence in Korean (presumably because people want to start with the thing that matters most in their mind). This is true of OBJECTS, and any PLACE and TIME expressions.

If the TOPIC is a TIME or a PLACE, the marker 에 is often deleted in spoken Korean.

공동생활예절

Conflicts between neighbors have increased significantly in Korea due to more time spent at home during the pandemic. Do you know any common neighborhood etiquette and guidelines when living in an apartment complex in Korea? Let’s take a look at the most frequently mentioned apartment etiquette and rules and compare the similarities and differences between the US and Korea.

1. First of all, noise between floors could cause undue stress to other residents. To reduce noise between floors, it is helpful to attach noise prevention pads or soft slippers on the legs of chairs. Also, refrain from using washing machines and vacuum cleaners late at night and early in the morning.
2. Smoking is strictly prohibited indoors for the safety of residents living in the building.
3. Pet owners must comply with the Pettiquette; Make sure to use a leash and carry a poop bag when going for a walk with your pet.
4. Respect the parking lines, as parking is tight.
5. For everyone’s safety, the corridors and stairs of an apartment must be kept clear.
6. Recycling guidelines must be strictly followed and recyclable items separated appropriately; Transparent PET bottles, plastic, paper, and glass bottles should be put into separate recycling bins.

Find more information online and see if you can add anything to the list.