• Share new year’s plans and wishes.
• Talk about changes of events and new developments.
• Recognize how Korean people celebrate Korean New Year.

• INGREDIENTS – 단어 Vocabulary
  • New Year
• RECIPE – 문법과 표현 Grammar
  • V–게 되다
  • V–는 동안
  • V–기 바라다
• LET’S COOK – 해 봐요! Classroom Tasks
  • Interpretive Task 1: New Year’s greetings
  • Interpretive & Interpersonal Task 2: New Year’s card message
  • Interpersonal & Presentational Task 3: Intercultural table/ Coffee and talk
• KOREAN FLAVORS – 한국어와 한국 문화 Korean Language and Culture
  • Use of markers after nouns: Topic particle –은/는 1
  • Korean traditional holidays 
• NOW YOU TRY! – 스스로 해봐요! Async. Practices and Tasks
  • Integrated Performance Task Link
  • WB Link

How do you celebrate the new year? What are these two people saying?

1. Review: V–게 하다 make someone do

–게 added to adjectives describes in what way something progresses or something is done in the end (e.g., 예쁘게 만들어요, 바쁘게 살아요, 빨갛게 발라요). Used with the verbs 하다 and 만들다, it highlights the resultative sense “to bring about” and makes the grammatical long–form causative (someone causes someone else to act in a certain way).

2. V–게 되다 it turns out; came to be that

Pairing -게 with the verb 되다, you can focus on how a situation has arisen without addressing who or what made that happen.

Here are a few more sentences showing various English senses below:

Here is the summary chart:

1. Noun 동안 during

You learned in Book 2 that (time duration N)+ 동안 means “during N”:

2. V–는 동안 while

To say “during the time (someone) is/was VERBing” or, “while VERBing,” you use the noun-modifying form V-는 with 동안. A natural English translation is sometimes when if the sense of time passing is clear:

The connector –(으)면서 from Lesson 22 of Book 2 highlights two simultaneous actions by the same subject. On the other hand, –는 동안 sets up a background time frame, where the activities may be done by different agents. The subject of the –는 동안 clause needs to have a subject particle.

3. Conjugation

Verb stems do not change before –는 동안 as it begins with a consonant, ㄴ. For ㄹ–ending verbs, drop ㄹ before –는 동안.

<Answer Key> 방문하는 동안, 키우는 동안, 끝내는 동안, 끓는 동안, 사는 동안, 굽는 동안

1. V–기(를) 바라다 wish (something good for someone else)

바라다 (to wish) and 기대하다 (to expect, anticipate) need a noun object. When a grammatical verb or adjective is the object, the 기 nominalizer is needed.

In real life, many Koreans people say 바래 instead of 바라.

2. 원하다 vs. 바라다 want vs. wish (for someone else)

Just like English want and wish, Korean 원하다 expresses a general desire for oneself, and 바라다 expresses a wish for a specific situation that nobody has control over:

Create a role play with your partner using the key grammar expressions and new vocabulary from this lesson. Include 5 to 6 meaningful rounds of dialogue. Take turns and feel free to add details to make the conversation lively and real.

• Context: Two classmates are reunited in class for the first time since New Year’s Day and are catching up. Update each other with new events in your lives and share New Year’s wishes.
• Participants: Two people who are in the same class for their continuing education.
• Key Expressions: –게 되다, –(으)면 좋겠다, –기 바라다
• Sample dialogue:

It is the New Year’s holiday season, and Maya is talking with her grandparents in Korea via video conference.

1. Listen to the conversation and write as much as you recall in Korean.

•  __________________________________________________________.
•  __________________________________________________________.
•  __________________________________________________________.
•  __________________________________________________________.
•  __________________________________________________________.

2. Listen to the conversation again and answer the questions in English.

1. What are some things Maya hopes to achieve in the near future?
2. What is Grandpa planning to send Maya, and how?
3. What does Maya want to do with her grandparents next year?

Helpful Vocabulary

장학금: scholarship
학기: semester

New Year’s Card Message

1. You received a new year’s card from one of your classmates in the Korean program. Read the card message.

2. Now write a new year’s card to the classmate in Korean.

Intercultural Table

1. Welcome back everyone. The topic of this week is New Year celebrations. Let’s talk and learn how people in the world celebrate the new year.

• In your culture, how do you say “Happy New Year”?
• What do you commonly say as new year’s greetings or wishes to other people?
• How do you celebrate the new year?
• Is there any special food eaten at the new year?
• [Your questions]

Coffee and Talk

2. You are a member of ‘Coffee and Talk,’ a well-being club where members talk about various topics to vent to and support each other while drinking coffee or tea together at a café in Korea. Today is the first gathering of this year.

• Reflecting on yourself and your life over the last year, what were some of the highlights and challenges?
• Are there things you couldn’t do before but became able to do? Or vice versa?
• This new year, do you have things you would like to try?
• Do you have a wish list or a bucket list for the new year?
• Do you make new year’s resolutions? Why or why not?
• Do you have any questions, tips, or advice for your friends?

So… when are markers used? In written Korean they are usually used, and in spoken Korean they are usually left out. When they are said in spoken Korean, it is to serve a specific purpose; to express a certain meaning, to achieve a certain goal, as you will see.

You may have heard the same sentence said some times with 은/는 and other times with 이/가.

The English translation is sometimes the same. The two sentences above are fundamentally different to native Korean speakers, however.

Here is the summary:

–은/는 Topic

–은/는 marks what is called OLD information, that is, what has been previously introduced into the dialogue or what the speaker and the listener already know about. Once you have brought something up, you can talk about it, and when you do, it gets the TOPIC marker, because the topic is what the rest of the clause is about.

오늘 학교에서 개 한 마리를 봤어요. 그 개는 꼬리가 없었어요.
I saw a dog at school today. The dog (which I saw at school) did not have a tail.

저는 오빠가 세 명 있는데 큰 오빠는 대학생이고 둘째하고 셋째 오빠는 고등학생이에요.
I have three older brothers – the big brother (one of the three that I just introduced) is a college student, the second and the third ones are high school students.

Because the topic is old or shared information, the particle 은/는 is often used in Korean in contexts where English would use the (e.g., “the guy (we are talking about),” “the teacher,” “the country”). It is generally not used in situations where English would use a (e.g., “a guy,” “a teacher”)*.

겨울에는 대부분의 나무가 옷을 벗는다. 옷을 벗은 나무는 바람이 불면 추위에 떨지만…
Most trees take off their clothes in the winter. The trees that take off their clothes shiver in the wind, but…

Because the topic marker is used when you have just introduced the noun into the conversation, it is also often used in Korean where you would use a pronoun in English.

동생이 책을 한 권 생일 선물로 받았어요. 그 책은 한국 역사에 대한 책이었어요.
My younger sibling received a book as a birthday gift. It was about Korean history.

Some things are always available as topics, even if they have not yet been mentioned in the conversation; for example, “I”, “you”, “today”, “here”, etc., and also nearby physical objects (“this desk”). And if the real-world context is appropriate, other things can be topics without first being mentioned (e.g. the teacher, when you’ve gotten out of class).

Objects can be topics, too, again either to change the topic or to emphasize:

Conclusion:

So in the sentence, 오빠는 집에 없어요, there must have already been some mention of the older brother or of the speaker’s family members. Older brother could then be a Topic, and the sentence just adds some information about his whereabouts.

(In 오빠가 집에 없어요, the whole sentence is new information – we are surprised to notice that he is not at home, or someone just asked about older brother’s whereabouts specifically.)

한국의 명절 (Korean Traditional Holidays)

There are many traditional holidays that Koreans used to celebrate, but the main holidays in modern Korea are 설날, New Year’s Day, and 추석, the harvest celebration in the fall. In Korean traditions (perhaps due to Confucian influences), family is central. In turn, traditional holidays are centered around family–and of course feasting together. Korean people celebrate these two holidays for three days, starting from the day before each holiday, often resulting in a week of vacation when combined with the weekend. Consequently, more and more people use this opportunity to take a trip either in Korea or abroad.

설날

설날, New Year’s Day, –– on the lunar calendar, originally –– is a celebration of a new start in the Eastern zodiac, when people think about their luck and destiny for the coming year.

In a ritual stemming both from ancient Korean ancestor worship and from Confucianism, on New Year’s day, children are expected to make a full formal bow, 세배 (kneeling, then prostrate on the floor) for their parents, to show thanks and respect, and the parents in turn give children a sum of money for the coming year.

Koreans eat 팥죽, red bean porridge/soup with soft 떡 (rice cake) in it, on New year’s Eve (그믐날). The color red is believed to scare away evil spirits. Then on New Year’s Day, Koreans eat 떡국 [만국 in North Korea], the white 떡 symbolizing purity and austerity for the new year and the length of the 떡 representing a wish for long life. Traditionally, everyone ages by one year (at the same time) on New year’s day, and since Koreans consider babies to be “one year old” at birth, there may be a two-year difference, depending on the date, between one’s “Korean age” and their “American/Western age.”

추석

Clearly stemming from old farming practices is the autumn Harvest Festival, 추석, a three-day holiday centered on the full moon in the middle of the 8th month of the lunar calendar, right at the Autumn Equinox. 추석 features a family feast where Koreans visit their hometowns and older relatives to celebrate the harvest. It is much like American Thanksgiving, but 추석 is also a time to pay respects to one’s elders and ancestors.

Ancestral worship rituals, 차례, are performed early in the morning. Many Koreans will also visit the tombs of their immediate ancestors for 벌초, trimming the grass, pulling weeds and generally cleaning up the area around the burial mounds. They also leave offerings of symbolic foods, drinks, and crops.

추석 is also a time to enjoy the full moon. Koreans say that on the face of the full moon, there are two rabbits pounding rice with a mortar and pestle to make 떡. If you make a wish on the full moon, Koreans (traditionally) believe, it will come true.

One of the main foods prepared and eaten during the 추석 holiday is 송편, a crescent-shaped 떡 which is steamed on pine needles. Other dishes commonly prepared are 잡채, 불고기, and of course, fresh fruits and vegetables.

There are also folk games and customs that some may engage in at festival gatherings, such as 강강술래 (circle dance (an intangible cultural heritage, designated by UNESCO in 2009)) and 줄다리기 (tug-of-war). People, especially children, may also dress in 한복, and there may be traditional music, singing and drumming.

For more information about Korean traditional holidays, visit Korea.net:
https://www.korea.net/AboutKorea/Korean-Life/Festivals