• Understand the main ideas of simple directions
• Give directions to get to somewhere
• Share information about available transportation apps in Korea

• INGREDIENTS – 단어 Vocabulary
  • Directions & Passive verbs
• RECIPE – 문법과 표현 Grammar
  • Passive Verbs
  • V–자마자
  • V–(으)니까 2
• LET’S COOK – 해 봐요! Classroom Tasks
  • Interpretive Task 1. Hannah and her friend’s voice messages
  • Interpretive & Interpersonal Task 2. Transportation app review
  • Interpersonal & Presentational Task 3. Weekend excursion
• KOREAN FLAVORS – 한국어와 한국 문화 Korean Language and Culture
  • Pseudo-Passives
  • Getting around in Seoul: the Subway
• NOW YOU TRY! – 스스로 해봐요! Async. Practices and Tasks
  • Integrated Performance Task Link
  • WB Link

How do you introduce yourself in Korean? What information would you share with someone you are meeting for the first time?

Now let’s read these two dialogues. What are they talking about?

1. Passive verbs

I broke the window. The window was broken. Depending on how you say the “same” content, you can decide to reveal information about the doer or not to. This is the power of using passive sentences (the second one above). Rather than shuffling the words around in a sentence (like ‘the window’ being the object in the active and the subject in the passive sentences in English), you need to memorize the passive form of the verbs in Korean. When you hear them enough, you get used to them.

In passive sentences, the focus is not someone doing something to or with something. Rather, the thing (or person) undergoing something is the focus and thus is the Subject. So, in Korean, the verb shapes and the noun markers are different in passive versus active sentences. Like so:

Translation of the passives in Korean can vary. Sometimes it is [was ..-ed], other times can (with the look/see, and listen/hear pairs), and at times the English verb form doesn’t even change.

2. Passive verbs

Passives verbs are usually the active verb base + 이, 히, 리 or 기. Which of these four forms attaches to which verb is loosely decided by the shape of the base verb.

If you need to or want to express who did the action involved in a passive sentence, you can use 한테(서) (or 에게서). If the causer of the action is inanimate, you can use 에 or 으로:

Some passive verbs are used with –어 있다 when the result of the action done lingers on or continues:

열다 ⇒ 열려 있다 (was opened and thus is open still)	닫다 ⇒ 닫혀 있다 (was closed and thus is closed still)	놓이다 ⇒ 놓여 있다 (was put down and thus is placed somewhere still)	쌓이다 ⇒ 쌓여 있다 (was piled on and thus is stacked)	쓰다 ⇒ 쓰여 있다 (was written and thus is written still)

3. Conjugation

Try on your own:

<Answer key> 먹히다, 들리다, 읽히다, 앉히다, 치이다, 팔리다, 잘리다, 막히다, 보이다, 닦이다, 닫히다, 찍히다

1. V–자마자 as soon as

You can learn –자마자 as a new ending that means as soon as. The only trick is that you use it with the base form of the verb, even though the main clause can be in the past or future tense.

2. Conjugation

As –자 마자 is a consonant-beginning suffix, the stem does not go through any changes. Try on your own:

<Answer key> 열리자마자, 듣자마자, 출발하자마자, 닦자마자, 만들자마자, 부르자마자

1. A/V–어/아서 vs. A/V–(으)니까 as, since, because; so…

This is a very good time to review what has ailed you as a Korean student for some time –– the distinction between –(으)니까 and –어/아서.  In the simplest world, –어서 means “as…, so…” and –(으)니까 means “I see it as…, so; the way I see it is that…so…”  That is, –어/아서 expresses an obvious and reasonable result. On the other hand, –(으)니까 expresses a consequence subjectively justified or reasoned out by the speaker. Thus, in many cases, both connectors are possible with different interpretations:

The subjectivity (personal reasoning or justification) dictates that –(으)니까be used in commands, suggestions, and guesses (not  –어/아서):

2. V–(으)니까 when (not exactly temporal)

The essence of the subjective, ‘reasoning it all out’ sense of –(으)니까 is personal experience, leading to another sense: I have just arrived at a place (physically or metaphorically) and as a result I now realize/notice…, very much like -더니.

When –(으)니까 expresses the completion of an action preceding a realization or discovery, it is NOT marked with tense. (The two events are sort of counted as ONE connected event.) When it expresses reasoning for the following command or suggestion, appropriate tense marking is necessary.

3. Conjugation

As –(으)니까 is a (으) type conjugation, irregular verbs change their stems to fit into this construction. Try it on your own:

<Answer key> 열리니까, 들리니까, 출발하니까, 누우니까, 만드니까, 부르니까

Create a role play with your partner using the key grammar expressions and new vocabulary from this lesson. Include 5 to 6 meaningful rounds of dialogue. Take turns and feel free to add details to make the conversation lively.

• Context: A person is on their way to visit their friend’s new place but lost their way. They are trying to find a way to get there and ask directions to a passer-by. Exchange questions and answers to give proper directions to the destination. Include landmarks or notable points along the way.
• Participants: A person and a passer-by
• Key Expressions: Passive verbs, –자마자, –(으)니까
• Sample dialogue:

Hannah and Her Friend’s Voice Messages

Your friend, Hanna, is living in Busan, Korea. She is coming this weekend to visit you and left a message on your phone. Listen to the message and answer the questions in Korean.

What did you hear from the messages? Take notes on what you hear – in full sentences.

Helpful Vocabulary:

Transportation App Review

You are searching for Korean apps to prepare for your upcoming travel in Korea. There are a lot of apps online, but you don’t know which to choose.

1. Read and talk about one of the app descriptions you found (below).

2. Then, with your friends, exchange some helpful information you gathered or experienced about 길찾기 안내 앱.

무료 길찾기 안내 앱 소개 리뷰: 4.8/ 5 점 ‘월드 타운’이라는 관광 안내 앱을 추천합니다. 저처럼 길을 찾 못 찾는 사람들을 위한 앱인 것 같습니다. 사용해 보니까 참 쉽고 편리해서 좋더라고요. AI 여행 도우미가 친절하게 안내도 해 줍니다. 가고 싶은 곳의 여행 정보와 길안내를 한 번에 쉽게 찾을 수 있고, 맛집, 관광지, 즐길 수 있는 활동, 날씨 정보도 제공합니다. 물론 무료 앱이고요. 주변에 추천도 해 주시고, 많이 이용해 보시기 바랍니다.

Helpful Vocabulary:

Weekend Adventure in Seoul:
Exploring the City’s Gems Using Public Transportation

You are in Seoul, Korea and planning to have a weekend excursion with your friend. Plan weekend activities and provide detailed directions using public transportation to get there.

1. Have a brainstorming meeting with your partner and decide 1–2 places to visit.

2. Give directions verbally to your classmate as a rehearsal to see if it is easy to follow your directions to those places.

3. Write directions and present them in a brochure format to the class.

Some verbs like 당하다, 먹다 and 맞다 have an inherently passive meaning, where the subject undergoes (mostly) adverse actions.

Inherently passive:

Now review your 하다 ⇒ 되다 passives:

And the –게 되다 passive:

Getting Around in Seoul: The Subway

Image by Jang Hwan Cho from Pixabay

Once in Seoul, the subway and bus systems make it super-easy to get around. Subway stations can be a bit daunting at first – big, complex and busy, but the signage is well written and once you get used to your route, it’ll be pretty straightforward. The trains run at frequent intervals, even on weekends and holidays, and you barely lose any time when transferring from one line to another. The subway operates from 5:30am to approximately midnight.

The Seoul subway system has nine main lines and a number of inter-connected commuter train lines. Some of the cars on the older lines are starting to show their age, but most trains are clean and pleasant, and many of the older stations seem to have been renovated recently.

The lines are color-coded and each station is labeled with a three-digit code. The first digit refers to the line and the last two digits indicate the station number.

Click this link to view the complete Seoul subway map:

https://www.sisul.or.kr/open_content/skydome/introduce/pop_subway.jsp