• Use causative verbs to talk about a recipe.
• Give simple directions about how to prepare Korean dishes.

• INGREDIENTS – 단어 Vocabulary
  • Dishes and Ingredients
  • Cooking verbs
• RECIPE – 문법과 표현 Grammar
  • Causative verbs
  • A/V–잖아(요)
  • NOUN 에다가
• LET’S COOK! – 해 봐요! Classroom Tasks
  • Interpretive Task 1: A conversation about Dami’s birthday
  • Interpretive & Interpersonal Task 2: Butter and soy sauce rice recipe
  • Interpersonal & Presentational Task 3: My comfort food
• KOREAN FLAVORS – 한국어와 한국 문화 Korean Language & Culture
  • Counters in Korean
  • Korean Cuisine
• NOW YOU TRY! – 스스로 해봐요! Async. Practices and Tasks
  • WB Link
  • Communicative Task Link

Do you have quintessential birthday food in your culture? Can you give directions on how to make the dish?

What seems to be happening in the following dialogue?

사동사 Causative Verbs in Korean

Some verbs in Korean can be converted to causative (or permissive) verbs, which means ‘to have/make  (or let) someone do something.” There are several ways to make the causative. One way is to use –게 하다/만들다:

Another, more direct way add a causative marker 이, 히, 리, 기, (이)우, 구, or 추 (Korean speakers memorize the markers in this order).

Useful causative verbs

Here are some of the most frequently used causative verbs. Note that some causatives are made from adjectives (e.g., 낮다 low ⇒ 낮추다 to lower).

Conjugation

As you have observed, the exact shape of the short form causative (derived verb) is not always predictable, and there are many exceptions to the 이, 히, 리, 기, (이)우 rules. Thus, you will need to memorize individual oddities.  Learn the short-form causative verbs by first sounding each word out until you are used to the sound pattern (남다 ⇒ 남기다 vs. 읽다 ⇒ 읽히다 vs. 보다 ⇒ 보이다, etc.). Then, memorize at least two or three verbs in each final consonant along with their meanings, which can give you a representation of the category. Other frequently used causative verbs are as follows. Can you guess their meanings?

• –이 먹이다(먹다), 내다(나다), 붙이다(붙다)
• –히 앉히다(앉다), 눕히다(눕다), 밝히다(밝다); 괴롭히다(괴롭다), 좁히다(좁다), 넓히다(넓다)
• –리 말리다 (마르다), 얼리다 (얼다)
• –기 숨기다(숨다), 안기다 (안다), 맡기다(맡다), 벗기다 (벗다)
• –(이)우 끼우다 (끼다), 키우다 (크다), 재우다 (자다)
• –구 달구다 (달다, to be heated)
• –추 맞추다 (맞다), 늦추다(늦다)

<답> 끓이다, 입히다, 알리다, 익히다, 태우다, 줄이다, 낮추다, 남기다, 불리다, 키우다, 웃기다

A/V-지 않 Long-Form Negation

In Lesson 2 of Book 3, we learned that –지 않 is sometimes called the long negative form, as compared to 안 + VERB, where 지 is the same negative suffix you know from –지 마세요 (Please don’t do…) and –지 못해요 (one cannot…).

A/V-잖아(요) (as) you (certainly/already) know

–잖아, a historically contracted form from –지 않아, has taken on a new meaning.  It is used casually as a tag question to mean, “obviously” or “y’know.”  –잖아seeks the listener’s agreement, but only cursorily; the assumption is that the listener already has knowledge about what is being discussed.  The intended effect of the ending is somewhat like the tag question–지, but with a stronger assumption that the listener should know:

If –잖아 is said with a more “whiny” intonation, it can be taken to be nagging or snappy:

–잖아 is conjugated in the past or future tense:

Some Korean speakers frequently use this ending in their speech as a personal speech style, sometimes using it at pauses in the form of있잖아, which is often used to open a new conversation:

Conjugation

This is a simple consonant-type conjugation. Here is a quick review opportunity:

<답> 보내 주다, 구워 주다, 알려 주다, 만들어 주다, 들어 주다, 가르쳐 주다

Noun 에다(가) onto, in contact with

The basic sense of the marker –다(가) is contact between two items: one being on top of another or directly touching it.  It is combined most often with 에 as 에다(가).  –다(가)  can only be used with action verbs such as “set” (차리다), “leave” (두다), and “lean” (기대다), and, most frequently, “put” (놓다).  It cannot be used with a stative verb such as 있다.

Review: to/onto

Korean has different particles that can be translated as “to” in English. Take a moment to review:

집에(다가) 전화해 보세요.	꽃에 물을 주세요.	친구한테 선물을 줬어요.	할머니께 말씀드리세요.
Call your home.	Water your flower.	I gave a gift to my friend.	Talk to your granmother.

Create a role play with your partner using the key grammar expressions and new vocabulary from this lesson. Include 5 to 6 meaningful rounds of dialogue. Take turns and feel free to add details to make the conversation lively.

• Context: Two friends are discussing the upcoming birthday party of their mutual friend. Decide on the food dishes they will prepare and discuss the detailed instructions for making those dishes.
• Participants: Two friends who have a mutual friend.
• Key Expressions: Causative verbs, –잖아(요), NOUN–에다(가)
• Sample dialogue:

Next Saturday is Dami’s birthday. So, Willow wants to cook a special birthday dish for her roommate Dami. So Willow asks Hoyoung how to cook that dish. Listen to the dialogue and answer in English.

1. What kind of dish does Willow want to cook for Dami’s birthday?
2. Willow wrote down Hoyoung’s direction. What is the direction?

Helpful Vocabulary

NOUN 정도: about NOUN

Butter and Soy Sauce Rice Recipe

Daniel is craving one of his best childhood dishes. Share his recipe in English (or other languages) to introduce it widely in an English–speaking (or multilingual) community. Try on your own as much as you can and then use a dictionary if needed.

Helpful Vocabulary

깨소금 sesame seed

골고루 evenly

계란 후라이 fried egg

비비다 to mix

노른자 egg yolk

방울 drop

삶다 to boil

버섯 mushrooms

따끈하다 warm

영양 nutrition

My Comfort Food

1. With your friends, talk about your comfort food.What is it called? How do you cook it? What does it taste like? What ingredients are in it?, and so on.
2. Share your favorite recipe in as much detail as you can. (Utilize cooking and food related vocabulary and expression you learned in this lesson.) Also, you may show a photo of the dish and tell your story or memory related to it.

Sino–Korean numbers (일, 이, 삼, 사, 오…) are in general used for naming, whereas Native Korean numbers (하나, 둘, 셋, 넷, 다섯…) are used for counting. Here are some examples for naming:

However, certain words, because they are Sino–based, must be counted with Sino–Korean numbers:

You can also see the same counter used with both kinds of numbers, where the number follows the pattern of naming versus counting:

Sometimes, slightly different counters are used with the same or a similar word for different meanings:

For telling time, both kinds of numbers are used mixed. This is because months, days, and hours are treated like names, whereas minutes and seconds are counted!

Most counters are, however, safely used with Native Korean numbers:

Here are some counters in context:

Do you know these?

• 봉지/봉투/상자/박스
• 송이/다발/단/그루(한) 달
• 모금/입
• 줌

Look where these counters came from!

• 모금 for sip comes from 목 (throat)
• 줌 for fistful, handful comes from 주먹 (fist)
• 숨 for breath comes from 쉬다 (breathe)
• 마디 for words/speech is related to말 (words). Which way?!!

Korean Cuisine

What key elements (or staple food items) make up the Korean table? Traditionally, the usual table consists of the following:

Although Korean cuisine has been influenced by western and other international cuisines, traditional Korean cuisine is generally much less greasy or fatty than American food, with the exception of certain meat dishes, such as 삼겹살 and certain common marinated beef dishes. Serving sizes (of everything!) are much smaller than in North America, and Korean cooking involves much less deep frying and makes use of less fatty dairy products.  A great number of vegetables go into Korean dishes, and of course, 반찬 are most often made from vegetables––the pickled ones help cut the grease of accompanying meat.

In addition, Koreans tend to eat fewer sweets, and the sweets they do eat are often naturally sweet (such as sweet potatoes and pumpkin), or they just use less sugar. You might have heard the expression that “안 달아서 맛있다” which praises a dessert being not so sweet and thus tasting good! Korean people do not usually eat sweets for dessert, either; if anything, they have fruit for dessert. Just a slice of watermelon or a wedge of orange tops off a Korean meal nicely! Many restaurants will serve perhaps only a slice of orange, not so much as dessert as a palate cleanser or breath freshener, perhaps.  Sweets are consumed as 간식 or 주전부리 (snacks).

채식주의 (Vegetarianism) is now at least known in Korea, though you might still encounter bewilderment in some restaurants when trying to ask for strictly vegetarian dishes (e.g. 김치찌개that is NOT made with fish sauce––you can find this kind of  김치 in Buddhist temples).

When setting the Korean table, rice and soup are set at each person’s place, and other  foods are  placed in the center. Main dishes generally used to be eaten communally, or by putting small portions into one’s rice bowl, but nowadays, a lot of people use their individual plate or bowl for main dishes. Note that Koreans do not move dishes around at the table. Explore and learn Korean table manners using online resources!

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