{"id":363,"date":"2025-01-05T12:18:12","date_gmt":"2025-01-05T12:18:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=363"},"modified":"2026-06-12T18:47:02","modified_gmt":"2026-06-12T18:47:02","slug":"lesson-16","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/chapter\/lesson-16\/","title":{"raw":"Lesson 16: \ud478\ub978 \uc740\ud589\uc774 \ubcf4\uc77c \uac70\uc608\uc694.","rendered":"Lesson 16: \ud478\ub978 \uc740\ud589\uc774 \ubcf4\uc77c \uac70\uc608\uc694."},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\ud559\uc2b5 \ubaa9\ud45c Goals<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">By the end of this lesson you will be able to:<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<div><span>Understand the main ideas of simple directions<\/span><\/div><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Give directions to get to somewhere<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Share information about available transportation apps in Korea<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uae30 Setting Up<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Lesson Focus<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#L16Vocab\">INGREDIENTS - \ub2e8\uc5b4 Vocabulary<\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Directions &amp; Passive verbs<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#L16Grammar\">RECIPE - \ubb38\ubc95\uacfc \ud45c\ud604 Grammar<\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Passive Verbs<\/li>\r\n \t<li>V\u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/li>\r\n \t<li>V\u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c 2<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#L16Tasks\">LET'S COOK - \ud574 \ubd10\uc694! Classroom Tasks<\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Interpretive Task 1. Hannah and her friend\u2019s voice messages<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Interpretive &amp; Interpersonal Task 2. Transportation app review<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Interpersonal &amp; Presentational Task 3. Weekend excursion<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#L16Culture\">KOREAN FLAVORS - \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\uc640 \ud55c\uad6d \ubb38\ud654 Korean Language and Culture<\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Pseudo-Passives<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Getting around in Seoul: the Subway<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#L16Async\">NOW YOU TRY! - \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ud574\ubd10\uc694! Async. Practices and Tasks<\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Integrated Performance Task Link<\/li>\r\n \t<li>WB Link<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc9dd\ud558\uace0 \uc598\uae30\ud574 \ubd10\uc694! Share your thoughts!<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nHow do you introduce yourself in Korean? What information would you share with someone you are meeting for the first time?\r\n\r\nNow let\u2019s read these two dialogues. What are they talking about?\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"95\"]\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.31\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 setting up dialogue 1\" width=\"2372\" height=\"526\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-365\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.42\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 setting up dialogue 2\" width=\"2372\" height=\"524\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-366\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.54\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 setting up dialogue 3\" width=\"2372\" height=\"528\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-367\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a id=\"L16Vocab\"><\/a>\ub2e8\uc5b4 Ingredients<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uae38\ucc3e\uae30 Directions<\/h2>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 90px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/right-turn-sign.jpg\" alt=\"right turn sign\" width=\"444\" height=\"562\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-368\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/left-turn-sign.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"439\" height=\"563\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-369\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/entrance.jpg\" alt=\"entrance\" width=\"440\" height=\"563\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-370\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/exit.jpg\" alt=\"exit\" width=\"440\" height=\"563\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-371\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/intersection.jpg\" alt=\"intersection\" width=\"629\" height=\"631\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-372\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc624\ub978\ucabd<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc67c\ucabd<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc785\uad6c<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\ucd9c\uad6c<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc0ac\uac70\ub9ac<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">right side<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">left side<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">entrance<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">exit<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">intersection<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/traffic-light.jpg\" alt=\"traffic light\" width=\"67\" height=\"141\" class=\"wp-image-373 aligncenter\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/transportation-app-with-car.jpg\" alt=\"transportation app with car\" width=\"986\" height=\"1058\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-374\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/person-crossing-road.jpg\" alt=\"person crossing road\" width=\"686\" height=\"409\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-375\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/turn-sign.jpg\" alt=\"turn sign\" width=\"725\" height=\"681\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-376\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-block-to-be-blocked.jpg\" alt=\"to pass\" width=\"812\" height=\"325\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-377\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc2e0\ud638\ub4f1<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uad50\ud1b5\uc571<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">(\uae38\uc744) \uac74\ub108\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\ub3cc\ub2e4\/\ub3cc\uc544\uac00\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc9c0\ub098\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">traffic light<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">transportation app<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">to cross<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">to turn\/turn around<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">to pass<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">Passive Verbs<\/h2>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-see-to-be-seen.jpg\" alt=\"to see to be seen\" width=\"811\" height=\"313\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-655\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-use-to-be-used.jpg\" alt=\"to use to be used\" width=\"810\" height=\"321\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-405\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-change-to-be-changed.jpg\" alt=\"to change to be changed\" width=\"807\" height=\"311\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-406\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-block-to-be-blocked-1.jpg\" alt=\"to block to be blocked\" width=\"812\" height=\"325\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-407\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-imprint-to-be-printed.jpg\" alt=\"to imprint to be imprinted\" width=\"809\" height=\"319\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-408\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ubcf4\ub2e4 \u2013 \ubcf4\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\uc4f0\ub2e4 \u2013 \uc4f0\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ubc14\uafb8\ub2e4 \u2013 \ubc14\ub00c\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ub9c9\ub2e4 \u2013 \ub9c9\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ucc0d\ub2e4 \u2013 \ucc0d\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to see \u2013 to be seen, visible<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to see \u2013 to be seen, visible<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to change \u2013 to be changed<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to block \u2013 to be blocked<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to block \u2013 to be blocked<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-close-to-be-closed.jpg\" alt=\"to close to be closed\" width=\"813\" height=\"317\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-403\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open-to-be-opened.jpg\" alt=\"to open to be opened\" width=\"808\" height=\"330\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-409\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-hear-to-be-audible.jpg\" alt=\"to hear to be audible\" width=\"816\" height=\"327\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-410\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-cut-to-be-cut.jpg\" alt=\"to cut to be cut\" width=\"812\" height=\"321\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-411\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-hug-to-be-held.jpg\" alt=\"to hug to be held\" width=\"810\" height=\"330\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-412\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ub2eb\ub2e4 \u2013 \ub2eb\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\uc5f4\ub2e4 \u2013 \uc5f4\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ub4e3\ub2e4 \u2013 \ub4e4\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ub04a\ub2e4\u2013 \ub04a\uae30\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\uc548\ub2e4 \u2013 \uc548\uae30\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to close \u2013 to be closed<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to open \u2013 to be opened<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to hear \u2013 to be audible<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to cut \u2013 to be cut<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to hug \u2013 to be held<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc0c8 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uc640 \ud45c\ud604 Other Vocabulary and Expressions<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 105px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uac74\ubb3c<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">building<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\u2013 \ud638\uc120<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">Line \u2013 (subway)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uacf5\uc0ac\uc911<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">under construction<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uac08\uc544\ud0c0\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to transfer (buses\/trains)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc0c1\uac00<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">commercial building<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uace0\uc7a5\ub098\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to break down<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc9c4\ub3d9<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">vibration<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ud5f7\uac08\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to get confused<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ucabd<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">direction, way<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ubc29\uae08<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">just now\/a moment ago<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uae38\uc744 \ucc3e\ub2e4\/\ubabb\ucc3e\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to (not be able to) find the way<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc7a0\uc774 \ub4e4\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to fall asleep<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc800\uae30\uc694<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">Excuse me (attention-getter)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc9c4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to set to vibrate mode<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\ub2e8\uc5b4 \uba54\ubaa8\uc9c0 Vocabulary Notes<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<strong>1. \u2013\uc911 In progress<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe suffix \u2013\uc911 after <em>verbal<\/em> Sino-Korean nouns shows that an action is in progress:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 75px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 14.328358%; height: 15px;\">\ud68c\uc758<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 34.179105%; height: 15px;\">meeting in progress<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.492537%; height: 15px;\">\uc900\ube44<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.373134%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 34.626866%; height: 15px;\">in preparation<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 14.328358%; height: 15px;\">\uacf5\uc0ac<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 34.179105%; height: 15px;\">construction in progress<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.492537%; height: 15px;\">\uc218\uc5c5<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.373134%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 34.626866%; height: 15px;\">class in session now<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 14.328358%; height: 15px;\">\uc2dd\uc0ac<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 34.179105%; height: 15px;\">during a meal\/at the table<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.492537%; height: 15px;\">\ud1b5\ud654<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.373134%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 34.626866%; height: 15px;\">line is busy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 14.328358%; height: 15px;\">\uc218\ub9ac<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 34.179105%; height: 15px;\">under repair<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.492537%; height: 15px;\">\uc601\uc5c5<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.373134%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 34.626866%; height: 15px;\">open for business<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 14.328358%; height: 15px;\">\ub300\ud654<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 34.179105%; height: 15px;\">during a conversation<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.492537%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.373134%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 34.626866%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nSee how <strong>\u2013\uc911<\/strong> can also be used with -\uc5d0 or \uc774\ub2e4:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>\ud68c\uc758\uc911<\/strong>\uc5d0 \uc804\ud654\uac00 \uc654\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">I got a phone call in the middle of the meeting.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uad50\uc218\ub2d8\uc744 \ubd48\ub824\uace0 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \ub4e4\ub800\ub294\ub370 <strong>\uc218\uc5c5\uc911<\/strong>\uc774\uc168\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">I stopped by school to see the professor, but she was in class.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<strong>2. \uae38 Expressions<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>\uae38<\/strong>, meaning <em>road<\/em> in Korean, is used in a variety of fixed expressions and idioms.\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 45px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ud070<strong>\uae38 <\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">main street, big street<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\uae38<\/strong>\ucc3e\uae30<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">getting\/finding directions<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\uae38<\/strong>\uc744 \uc783\ub2e4\/\uc783\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to get lost<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\uae38<\/strong>\uc744 \ubabb\ucc3e\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to not be able to find the way<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\uae38<\/strong>\ub208\uc774 \ubc1d\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to have good sense of direction<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\uae38<\/strong>\ub208\uc774 \uc5b4\ub461\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to have a bad sense of direction<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<strong>3. \ub098\uc624\ub2e4 to come out from<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>\ub098\uc624\ub2e4<\/strong> means <em>to come out<\/em> and can be translated various other ways such as <em>appear<\/em>, <em>make an appearance<\/em>, <em>come on the scene<\/em>, <em>come out in view<\/em>, etc.\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 90px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 30px;\">\uc9c0\ud558\ucca0 \uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c <strong>\ub098\uc624\uba74<\/strong> \ucee4\ud53c\uc20d\uc774 \ubcf4\uc77c \uac70\uc608\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 30px;\">If you get out of the subway station, you will see a coffee shop.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc870\uae08\ub9cc \ub354 \uac00\uba74 \ubc84\uc2a4\uc815\ub958\uc7a5\uc774 <strong>\ub098\uc640<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">If you go a little further, you will see a bus stop.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uadf8 \uc601\ud654\uc5d0 \ub0b4 \ucd5c\uc560 \uac00\uc218\uac00 <strong>\ub098\uc640<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">My favorite singer stars\/cameos in that movie.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uac12\uc2fc \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8\uac00 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc5d0 <strong>\ub098\uc654\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">A cheap apartment came out on the market.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc544\uae4c \uad6c\ub984\uc774 \uaf08\uc5c8\ub294\ub370 \uc774\uc820 \ud574\uac00 <strong>\ub098\uc628\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">It was overcast a while ago; now the sun is coming out.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\ub2e8\uc5b4 \uc5f0\uc2b5 New Vocabulary Exercises<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 105px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uac74\ubb3c<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">building<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\u2013 \ud638\uc120<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">Line \u2013 (subway)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uacf5\uc0ac\uc911<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">under construction<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uac08\uc544\ud0c0\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to transfer (buses\/trains)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc0c1\uac00<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">commercial building<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uace0\uc7a5\ub098\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to break down<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc9c4\ub3d9<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">vibration<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ud5f7\uac08\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to get confused<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ucabd<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">direction, way<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ubc29\uae08<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">just now\/a moment ago<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uae38\uc744 \ucc3e\ub2e4\/\ubabb\ucc3e\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to (not be able to) find the way<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc7a0\uc774 \ub4e4\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to fall asleep<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc800\uae30\uc694<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">Excuse me (attention-getter)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc9c4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to set to vibrate mode<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1.<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">[h5p id=\"21\"]<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2.<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<strong>\uc6b0\ub9ac \ub3d9\ub124\uc5d0<\/strong>: Write where you can find the following places in your neighborhood.\r\n\r\n1. \uc0ac\uac70\ub9ac\r\n\r\n2. \ub192\uc740 \uac74\ubb3c\r\n\r\n3. \uc0c1\uac00\r\n\r\n4. \uacf5\uc0ac\uc911\r\n\r\n5. \uc9c0\ud558\ucca0\uc5ed \uc785\uad6c\r\n\r\n6. \uc2e0\ud638\ub4f1\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3.<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%;\">\uac74\ub108\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%;\">\ub098\uac00\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%;\">\ub3cc\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%;\">\ub9c9\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%;\">\ubcf4\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%;\">\uc800\uae30\uc694<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n[h5p id=\"22\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><a id=\"L16Grammar\"><\/a>\ubb38\ubc95\uacfc \ud45c\ud604 Recipe<\/h1>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">1. \ud53c\ub3d9\ub3d9\uc0ac Passive Verbs<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.10\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 grammar 1 dialogue\" width=\"2424\" height=\"498\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-379\" \/>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"92\"]\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Passive verbs<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<em>I broke the window. The window was broken.<\/em> Depending on how you say the \u201csame\u201d content, you can decide to reveal information about the doer or not to. This is the power of using passive sentences (the second one above). Rather than shuffling the words around in a sentence (like \u2018the window\u2019 being the object in the active and the subject in the passive sentences in English), you need to memorize the passive form of the verbs in Korean. When you hear them enough, you get used to them.\r\n\r\nIn passive sentences, the focus is not someone doing something to or with something. Rather, the thing (or person) undergoing something is the focus and thus is the Subject. So, in Korean, the verb shapes and the noun markers are different in passive versus active sentences. Like so:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 30px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ub0b4\uac00 \ucc3d\ubb38<strong>\uc744<\/strong> \uae7c\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">I broke the window. (Active)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ucc3d\ubb38<strong>\uc774<\/strong> \uae68\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">The window was broken. (Passive)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nTranslation of the passives in Korean can vary. Sometimes it is [<em>was ..-ed<\/em>], other times can (with the <em>look\/see<\/em>, and <em>listen\/hear<\/em> pairs), and at times the English verb form doesn\u2019t even change.\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\ub04a\ub2e4 \u2013 \ub04a\uae30\ub2e4<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uc804\ud654<strong>\ub97c<\/strong> \ubc8c\uc368<strong> \ub04a\uc5c8<\/strong>\uc5b4?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Did you hang up the phone already?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uc804\ud654<strong>\uac00<\/strong> <strong>\ub04a\uacbc<\/strong>\uc5b4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">The phone was\/got disconnected.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 45px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\ubcf4\ub2e4 \u2013 \ubcf4\uc774\ub2e4<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc800 \uc0b0<strong>\uc744<\/strong> \uc880 <strong>\ubd10<\/strong>! \uc544\uc8fc \uba4b\uc788\uc9c0?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Look<\/strong> at that mountain! How cool!<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 \uac00\uac8c<strong>\uac00<\/strong> \uc548 <strong>\ubcf4\uc774<\/strong>\ub124.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">The building is not <strong>visible<\/strong> from here, huh.\r\nYou\/we <strong>can\u2019t see<\/strong> the building from here, huh.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 60px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\ud314\ub2e4 \u2013 \ud314\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 30px;\">\ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud55c\uad6d \uc2dd\ub2f9\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c\uc815\uc2dd<strong>\uc744<\/strong> <strong>\ud30c<\/strong>\ub098\uc694?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 30px;\">Do all Korean restaurants <strong>sell<\/strong> full-course Korean meals?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc694\uc998 \uc2e0\ubb38<strong>\uc774<\/strong> \uc798 <strong>\uc548 \ud314\ub9b0<\/strong>\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">Newspapers <strong>don\u2019t sell (\u201cget sold\u201d)<\/strong> well these days.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<strong>2. Passive verbs<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPassives verbs are usually the active verb base + <strong>\uc774<\/strong>, <strong>\ud788<\/strong>, <strong>\ub9ac<\/strong> or <strong>\uae30<\/strong>. Which of these four forms attaches to which verb is loosely decided by the shape of the base verb.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\">\u2013\uc774<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\ubcf4\ub2e4\u2013\ubcf4\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to see, watch \u2013 to be seen, visible<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\uac74\ubb3c\uc744 <strong>\ubd24\ub2e4<\/strong>.\r\n\uac74\ubb3c\uc774 <strong>\ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">I saw a building.\r\nA building is visible.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\uc4f0\ub2e4\u2013\uc4f0\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to use, spend \u2013 to be used, to be spent<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\uad50\ud1b5 \uce74\ub4dc\ub97c <strong>\uc4f4\ub2e4<\/strong>.\r\n\uad50\ud1b5 \uce74\ub4dc\uac00 <strong>\uc4f0\uc778\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">I use a transportation card.\r\nA transportation card is used.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\ubc14\uafb8\ub2e4\u2013\ubc14\ub00c\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to change\r\nto be changed<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\uc5ed \uc774\ub984\uc744 <strong>\ubc14\uafe8\ub2e4<\/strong>.\r\n\uc5ed \uc774\ub984\uc774 <strong>\ubc14\ub00c\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">They changed the station name.\r\nThe station name has been changed.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\">\u2013\ud788<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\ucc0d\ub2e4\u2013\ucc0d\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to print; to take photos \u2013 to be branded, printed<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\uc0ac\uc9c4\uc744 <strong>\ucc0d\ub294\ub2e4<\/strong>.\r\n\uc0ac\uc9c4\uc774 <strong>\ucc0d\ud78c\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">I take a picture.\r\nA picture is\/gets taken.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\ub2eb\ub2e4\u2013\ub2eb\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to close \u2013 to be closed<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\ubb38\uc744 <strong>\ub2eb\ub294\ub2e4<\/strong>.\r\n\ubb38\uc774 <strong>\ub2eb\ud78c\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">I am closing the door.\r\nThe door is closing.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\ub9c9\ub2e4\u2013\ub9c9\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to block \u2013 to be blocked<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\uae38\uc744 <strong>\ub9c9\uc558\ub2e4<\/strong>.\r\n\uae38\uc774 <strong>\ub9c9\ud614\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">They blocked the road.\r\nThe road has been blocked.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\">\u2013\ub9ac<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\uc5f4\ub2e4\u2013\uc5f4\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to open something \u2013 to be opened, (something) to open<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\ubb38\uc744 <strong>\uc5f4\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/strong>.\r\n\ubb38\uc774 <strong>\uc5f4\ub838\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">I opened the door.\r\nThe door was open.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\ud314\ub2e4\u2013\ud314\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to sell something \u2013 to be sold<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\ucc28\ub97c <strong>\ud314\uc558\ub2e4<\/strong>.\r\n\ucc28\uac00 <strong>\ud314\ub838\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">I sold a car.\r\nA\/the car was sold.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\uc790\ub974\ub2e4\u2013\uc798\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to cut something \u2013 to be cut<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\uba38\ub9ac\ub97c <strong>\uc798\ub790\ub2e4<\/strong>.\r\n\uc0ac\uc9c4\uc774 <strong>\uc798\ub838\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">I cut my hair (I had my haircut.)\r\nSomeone got cut out of the photo.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\">\u2013\uae30<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\uc548\ub2e4\u2013\uc548\uae30\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to hug, hold in arms \u2013 to be held in arms<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\uc5c4\ub9c8\uac00 \uc544\uae30\ub97c <strong>\uc548\uc558\ub2e4<\/strong>.\r\n\uc544\uae30\uac00 \uc5c4\ub9c8\ud55c\ud14c <strong>\uc548\uacbc\ub2e4<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">A mother held a baby.\r\nA baby was held by their mother.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\ub04a\ub2e4\u2013\ub04a\uae30\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to stop, quit, disconnect \u2013 to be cut (off), disconnected<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\uc804\ud654\ub97c <strong>\ub04a\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/strong>.\r\n\uc804\ud654\uac00 <strong>\ub04a\uacbc\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">I hung up the phone.\r\nThe phone was hung up.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nIf you need to or want to express who did the action involved in a passive sentence, you can use <strong>\ud55c\ud14c(\uc11c)<\/strong> (or <strong>\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c<\/strong>). If the causer of the action is inanimate, you can use <strong>\uc5d0<\/strong> or <strong>\uc73c\ub85c<\/strong>:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ubc84\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub204\uac00 \ubc1c<strong>\uc744 \ubc1f\uc558<\/strong>\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Someone stepped on my foot on the bus.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ubc84\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub204\uad6c<strong>\ud55c\ud14c\uc11c<\/strong> \ubc1c<strong>\uc774 \ubc1f\ud614<\/strong>\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">My foot was stepped on by someone on the bus.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 30px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ubc14\ub78c\uc774 \ub0b4 \ubc29\uc758 \ubb38<strong>\uc744<\/strong> \ucf85\ud558\uace0 <strong>\ub2eb\uc558<\/strong>\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">A wind slammed the door of my room shut.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ubc14\ub78c<strong>\uc5d0<\/strong> \ub0b4 \ubc29\uc758 \ubb38<strong>\uc774<\/strong> \ucf85\ud558\uace0 <strong>\ub2eb\ud614<\/strong>\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">The door of my room got slammed shut by the wind.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nSome passive verbs are used with \u2013\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4 when the result of the action done lingers on or continues:\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open.jpg\" alt=\"to open\" width=\"1540\" height=\"524\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-382\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-close.jpg\" alt=\"to close\" width=\"1063\" height=\"587\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-383\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-place.jpg\" alt=\"to put\" width=\"1502\" height=\"451\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-384\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-pile-up.jpg\" alt=\"to pile up\" width=\"1507\" height=\"626\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-385\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-write.jpg\" alt=\"to write\" width=\"1404\" height=\"417\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-387\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\uc5f4\ub2e4 \u21d2 \uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\ub2e4\r\n(was opened and thus is open still)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ub2eb\ub2e4 \u21d2 \ub2eb\ud600 \uc788\ub2e4\r\n(was closed and thus is closed still)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ub193\uc774\ub2e4 \u21d2 \ub193\uc5ec \uc788\ub2e4 (was put down and thus is placed somewhere still)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\uc313\uc774\ub2e4 \u21d2 \uc313\uc5ec \uc788\ub2e4 (was piled on and thus is stacked)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\uc4f0\ub2e4 \u21d2 \uc4f0\uc5ec \uc788\ub2e4\r\n(was written and thus is written still)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 60px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.333333%;\">\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \uc88b\uc544\uc11c \ucc3d\ubb38\uc744 <strong>\uc5f4\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.333333%;\">I opened the window because the weather was nice.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.333333%; height: 15px;\">\ucc3d\ubb38\uc774 <strong>\uc5f4\ub838\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.333333%; height: 15px;\">The window was opened.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.333333%; height: 15px;\">\ucc3d\ubb38\uc774 <strong>\uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.333333%; height: 15px;\">The window is (currently) open.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<strong>3. Conjugation<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTry on your own:\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 75px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Passive<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Passive<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Passive<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\uba39\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\uce58\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\ubcf4\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\ub4e3\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\ud314\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\ub2e6\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\uc77d\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\uc790\ub974\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\ub2eb\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\uc548\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\ub9c9\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\ucc0d\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">&lt;Answer key&gt; \uba39\ud788\ub2e4, \ub4e4\ub9ac\ub2e4, \uc77d\ud788\ub2e4, \uc549\ud788\ub2e4, \uce58\uc774\ub2e4, \ud314\ub9ac\ub2e4, \uc798\ub9ac\ub2e4, \ub9c9\ud788\ub2e4, \ubcf4\uc774\ub2e4, \ub2e6\uc774\ub2e4, \ub2eb\ud788\ub2e4, \ucc0d\ud788\ub2e4<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. Passive<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"23\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2. Passive<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/subway-exit.jpg\" alt=\"subway exit\" width=\"226\" height=\"189\" class=\"wp-image-388 aligncenter\" \/>\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ub9c9\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\uc5f4\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ubcf4\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ub2eb\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ubc14\ub00c\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n[h5p id=\"24\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3. Passive<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nGive a response to the prompt. Use a passive verb fitting for the context.\r\n\r\n<strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> \uac00: \uc65c \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub2a6\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong><\/span>\ub098: \uae38\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \ub9c9\ud600\uc11c \ub2a6\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694. \ubbf8\uc548\ud574\uc694.\r\n\r\n1. \uac00: \uc74c\uc545 \uc880 \ud06c\uac8c \ud574 \uc904\ub798\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">1.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544, \uadf8\ub798\uc694? \uc9c0\uae08\uc740 \uc798 ________________?\r\n\r\n2. \uac00: \ubbfc\uc218 \uc528\uac00 \uc694\uc998 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uc548 \ub098\uc640\uc694. \ubbfc\uc218 \uc528\ud55c\ud14c \uc804\ud654\ud574 \ubd24\uc5b4\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">2.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\uae4c \ud588\ub294\ub370 \uc804\ud654\ubc88\ud638\uac00 ________________ \uac83 \uac19\uc544\uc694.\r\n\r\n3. \uac00: \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c \ucc2c \ubc14\ub78c\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc624\ub124\uc694.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">3.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544, \uc800\uae30 \ucc3d\ubb38\uc774 ________________\ub124\uc694.\r\n\r\n4. \uac00: \ud639\uc2dc \uc81c \ud734\ub300\ud3f0 \ubabb \ubcf4\uc168\uc5b4\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">4.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\uae4c \ubcf4\ub2c8\uae4c \uc800\uae30 \uc18c\ud30c \uc704\uc5d0 ________________\uc788\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694.\r\n\r\n5. \uac00: \uc62c\ud574 \uc5ec\ub984\uc740 \uc815\ub9d0 \ub108\ubb34 \ub354\uc6e0\uc9c0\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">5.<\/span> \ub098: \ub124. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc5d0\uc5b4\ucee8 \uc774 \uc815\ub9d0 \ub9ce\uc774 ________________\ub300\uc694.\r\n\r\n6. \uac00: \uc6b0\ub9ac \uace0\uc591\uc774 \uc5b4\ub514 \uc788\uc9c0?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">6.<\/span> \ub098: \ub3d9\uc0dd\ud55c\ud14c ________________\uc788\uc5b4.\r\n\r\n7. \uac00: \uc557! \uc9c0\uae08 \ube68\uac04 \uc2e0\ud638\ub4f1\uc744 \uc9c0\ub098\uc654\uc5b4\uc694!\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">7.<\/span> \ub098: \ubbf8\uc548\ud574\uc694. \uc870\uae08 \uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \ub178\ub780\uc0c9\uc774\uc5c8\ub294\ub370 \uc2e0\ud638\ub4f1\uc774 ________________.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\uc5d0\uc5b4\ucee8: air conditioner\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 4. Passive<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nDescribe the changes that took place in the room before and after cleaning and reorganizing Kai\u2019s new place.\r\n\r\n(\uadf8\ub9bc \uc608)\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center;\">\uccad\uc18c \uc804<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center;\">\uccad\uc18c \ud6c4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/messy-room.jpg\" alt=\"messy room\" width=\"1130\" height=\"735\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-389\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/clean-room.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1136\" height=\"730\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-390\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\uc9c0\ub09c \uc8fc\uc5d0 \uc0c8 \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8\ub85c \uc774\uc0ac\ud588\ub294\ub370 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \ub108\ubb34 \uc5c6\uc5b4\uc11c \uc9d0\uc815\ub9ac\ub97c \ubabb\ud588\uc5b4\uc694. \uc624\ub298 \ud734\uc77c\uc774\ub77c\uc11c \uc9d1\uc815\ub9ac\ub97c \ud558\uace0 \uccad\uc18c\ub97c \ud588\uc5b4\uc694.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\uccad\uc18c \uc804\uc5d0\ub294<\/span>_____________________________________________________\r\n\r\n_______________________________________________________________\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\uccad\uc18c \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294_____________________________________________________<\/span>\r\n\r\n_______________________________________________________________\r\n\r\n\uc774\uc81c\ub294 \uc9d1\uc774 \uc815\ub9d0 \uae68\ub057\ud574\uc838\uc11c \uc88b\uc544\uc694!\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">2. V\u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 As Soon As; The Second That<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.48\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 grammar 2 dialogue\" width=\"2410\" height=\"540\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-391\" \/>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"93\"]\r\n\r\n<strong>1. V\u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 as soon as<\/strong>\r\n\r\nYou can learn \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 as a new ending that means as soon as. The only trick is that you use it with the base form of the verb, even though the main clause can be in the past or future tense.\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 60px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc5d8\ub9ac\ubca0\uc774\ud130 \ubb38\uc774 <strong>\uc5f4\ub9ac\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/strong> \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 <strong>\ub098\uc654\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">As soon as the elevator opened, many people got out.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ub124 \uc774\uba54\uc77c\uc744 <strong>\ubc1b\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/strong> \ub2f5\uc7a5\uc744 \ud560 \uac70\uc57c.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">I will write back as soon as I get your email.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uaca8\uc6b8\uc774 <strong>\ub418\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/strong> \uaf2d \ud788\ud130\uac00 \uace0\uc7a5 \ub098.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">No sooner than the winter sets in, the heater invariably breaks down.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uadf8 \ub3d9\ub124\ub294 \ud070 \uae38\uc774 <strong>\uc0dd\uae30\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/strong> \uc790\ub3d9\ucc28 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud574\uc9c0\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">As soon as the road was built, the town got packed with cars.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<strong>2. Conjugation<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAs \u2013\uc790 \ub9c8\uc790 is a consonant-beginning suffix, the stem does not go through any changes. Try on your own:\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 60px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc5f4\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ub2e6\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ub4e3\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ub9cc\ub4e4\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ubd80\ub974\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">&lt;Answer key&gt; \uc5f4\ub9ac\uc790\ub9c8\uc790, \ub4e3\uc790\ub9c8\uc790, \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\uc790\ub9c8\uc790, \ub2e6\uc790\ub9c8\uc790, \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc790\ub9c8\uc790, \ubd80\ub974\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"26\"]\r\n\r\n\uc2e0\ud638\ub4f1: traffic light\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2. \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nGive your friend directions to the Korean Culture Center, telling them what actions are to be taken immediately after another.\r\n\r\n<strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> \uc0ac\uac70\ub9ac\ub97c \uc9c0\ub098\uc694 + \uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\uc138\uc694. \u21d2 \uc0ac\uac70\ub9ac\ub97c \uc9c0\ub098\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\uc138\uc694.\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/map-indicating-directions-to-a-building.jpg\" alt=\"map indicating directions to a building\" width=\"967\" height=\"768\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-393\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/go-up-elevator-then-go-to-reception-desk-in-office.jpg\" alt=\"go up elevator then go to reception desk in office\" width=\"1555\" height=\"629\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-394\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n1. \ub2e4\ub9ac\ub97c \uac74\ub108\uc694 + \uc67c\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\uc138\uc694.\r\n\r\n2. \uc67c\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc694 + \ub178\ub780\uc0c9 \uac74\ubb3c\uc774 \ubcf4\uc77c \uac70\uc608\uc694.\r\n\r\n3. \uac74\ubb3c \uc785\uad6c\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uc694 + \ubc14\ub85c \uc5d8\ub9ac\ubca0\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ub098\uc640\uc694.\r\n\r\n4. \uc5d8\ub9ac\ubca0\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ud0c0\uace0 4\uce35\uc5d0 \ub0b4\ub824\uc694 + \uc624\ud53c\uc2a4 \uc785\uad6c\uac00 \ubcf4\uc77c \uac70\uc608\uc694.\r\n\r\n5. \uc624\ud53c\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc640\uc694 + \uc548\ub0b4 \ub370\uc2a4\ud06c\ub97c \ucc3e\uc73c\uc138\uc694.\r\n\r\n6. \uc548\ub0b4 \ub370\uc2a4\ud06c\uac00 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc694 + \ubc14\ub85c \uc548\ub0b4\uc6d0\uc5d0\uac8c \uac00\uc11c \ub3c4\uc790\uae30 \uc218\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubb38\uc758\ud558\uc138\uc694.\r\n\r\n7. \uc548\ub0b4\uc6d0\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3c4\uc790\uae30 \uc218\uc5c5 \uc548\ub0b4\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\uc694 + \ub4f1\ub85d\ud558\uc138\uc694.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3. \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nAsk your classmates what they usually do as soon as each situation arises. Find two people who do the same thing in each situation.\r\n\r\n<strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> \ud3c9\uc77c \uc544\uce68\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub2e4\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong><\/span>\uac00: \ud3c9\uc77c \uc544\uce68\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \ubb50 \ud574\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong><\/span>\ub098: \ud3c9\uc77c \uc544\uce68\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \ub274\uc2a4\ub97c \ubd10\uc694.\r\n\r\n1. \uc544\uce68\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub2e4\r\n\r\n2. \ub9e4\uc77c \uae30\uc219\uc0ac\/\uc544\ud30c\ud2b8\/\uc9d1\uc5d0 \uac00\ub2e4\r\n\r\n3. \ubc29\ud559\uc774 \ub418\ub2e4\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 4. \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nSame practice with the past tense.\r\n\r\n1. \uc544\uce68\uc5d0 \uc9c0\ud558\ucca0\/\ubc84\uc2a4\ub97c \ud0c0\ub2e4\r\n\r\n2. \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\ub97c \ucf1c\ub2e4\r\n\r\n3. \uc5b4\uc81c \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4 \uc218\uc5c5\uc774 \ub05d\ub098\ub2e4\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 5. \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nSame practice with the future tense.\r\n\r\n<strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong>\uc624\ub298 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4 \uc218\uc5c5\uc774 \ub05d\ub098\ub2e4\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong><\/span>\uac00: \uc624\ub298 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4 \uc218\uc5c5\uc774 \ub05d\ub098\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \ubb50 \ud560 \uac70\uc608\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong><\/span>\ub098:\uc624\ub298 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4 \uc218\uc5c5\uc774 \ub05d\ub098\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \ub3c4\uc11c\uad00\uc5d0 \uac00\uc11c \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4 \uc219\uc81c\ub97c \ud560 \uac70\uc608\uc694\r\n\r\n1. \ubc29\ud559\uc774 \ub418\ub2e4\r\n\r\n2. \uc878\uc5c5\ud558\ub2e4\r\n\r\n3. \ubcf5\uad8c\uc5d0 \ub2f9\ucca8\ub418\ub2e4\r\n\r\n4. \ud55c\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\ud589\uac00\uc11c \uacf5\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\ub2e4\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\ubcf5\uad8c\uc5d0 \ub2f9\ucca8\ub418\ub2e4: to win a lottery\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 6. \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<strong>\ub098\uc758 \ud558\ub8e8:<\/strong> Take turns with your partner making a chain of sentences with \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790, talking about your daily schedule -- or a plan for the best Saturday ever. See how many sentences you can chain together. If you get stuck, start a new chain!\r\n\r\n<strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> \uac00: \ub098\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \uc774\ub97c \ub2e6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong><\/span>\ub098: \ub098\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc774\ub97c \ub2e6\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \uc544\uce68\uc744 \uba39\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/span><\/strong>\uac00: \ub098\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc544\uce68\uc744 \uba39\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \uc124\uac70\uc9c0\ub97c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong><\/span>\ub098: \ub098\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc124\uac70\uc9c0\ub97c \ud558\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \ucee4\ud53c\ub97c \ub9c8\uc2dc\uace0 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uac11\ub2c8\ub2e4\u2026\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">3. Since; Upon Doing One Finds That<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.14\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 grammar 3 dialogue\" width=\"2450\" height=\"584\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-395\" \/>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"94\"]\r\n\r\n<strong>1. A\/V\u2013\uc5b4\/\uc544\uc11c vs. A\/V\u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c as, since, because; so\u2026<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is a very good time to review what has ailed you as a Korean student for some time \u2013\u2013 the distinction between \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c and \u2013\uc5b4\/\uc544\uc11c.\u00a0 In the simplest world, \u2013\uc5b4\uc11c means \u201c<em>as\u2026, so\u2026<\/em>\u201d and \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c means \u201c<em>I see it as\u2026, so<\/em>;<em> the way I see it is that\u2026so...\u201d\u00a0 <\/em>That is, \u2013<strong>\uc5b4\/<\/strong><strong>\uc544\uc11c<\/strong> expresses an obvious and <strong>reasonable result<\/strong>. On the other hand, \u2013<strong>(<\/strong><strong>\uc73c)<\/strong><strong>\ub2c8\uae4c <\/strong>expresses a consequence <strong>subjectively justified<\/strong> or <strong>reasoned<\/strong> <strong>out<\/strong> by the speaker. Thus, in many cases, both connectors are possible with different interpretations:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub108\ubb34 \ub9ce\uc774 <strong>\uba39\uc5b4\uc11c<\/strong> \ubc30 \ud130\uc9c0\uaca0\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">I ate too much -- my belly is about to burst.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub108\ubb34 \ub9ce\uc774 <strong>\uba39\uc5c8\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \ubc30\uac00 \uc544\ud504\uc9c0!<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Your belly is aching \u2018cause you ate too much, (of course!)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub0b4\uac00 <strong>\uac00\uc11c<\/strong> \uac54\ub294 \uc548 \uc62c \uac70\uc57c.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Since I am going he won\u2019t come (as anyone can see).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub0b4\uac00 <strong>\uac00\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \uac54\ub294 \uc548 \uc62c \uac70\uc57c.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">He won\u2019t come because I am going. (That\u2019s what I think.)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><em>subjectivity<\/em><\/strong><\/span> (personal reasoning or justification) dictates that \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4cbe used in commands, suggestions, and guesses (not \u00a0\u2013\uc5b4\/\uc544\uc11c):<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 45px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ube44\uac00 <strong>\uc640\uc11c<\/strong> \uc6b0\uc0b0\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uac14\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">I brought an umbrella as it was raining.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ube44\uac00 <strong>\uc624\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \uc6b0\uc0b0\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uac00\uc138\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">Take the umbrella \u2013 since it\u2019s raining.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc5ec\uae30 \ube44\uac00 <strong>\uc654(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \uac70\uae30\ub3c4 \uc654\uc744 \uac70\uc608\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">Because it rained here, I presume it has rained there as well.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<strong>2. V\u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c when (not exactly temporal)<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The essence of the subjective, \u2018reasoning it all out\u2019 sense of \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c is <strong>personal experience<\/strong>, leading to another sense: <em>I have just arrived at a place (physically or metaphorically) and as a result I now realize\/notice\u2026<\/em>, very much like -\ub354\ub2c8.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 90px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 30px;\">7\ubc88 \ucd9c\uad6c\ub85c <strong>\uac00\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \ucd9c\uad6c\uac00 \ub9c9\ud600 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 30px;\">When I got to Exit 7, (I found that) the exit was blocked.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">7\ubc88 \ucd9c\uad6c\ub85c <strong>\uac14\ub354\ub2c8<\/strong> \ucd9c\uad6c\uac00 \ub9c9\ud600 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">When I got to Exit 7, I found that the exit was blocked.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c <strong>\ub3c4\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \uc601\ud654\uad00\uc774 \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">When I turn right, the theater was there.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc598\uae30\ub97c \ud574 <strong>\ubcf4\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \uc88b\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc778 \uac83 \uac19\uc558\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">I talked to him; he seemed like a nice person.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc544\uce68\uc5d0 <strong>\uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \ubb38\uc790\uac00 \uc640 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">I woke up and found that a text message had come in.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nWhen \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c expresses the completion of an action preceding a realization or discovery, it is NOT marked with tense. (The two events are sort of counted as ONE connected event.) When it expresses reasoning for the following command or suggestion, appropriate tense marking is necessary.\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">7\ubc88 \ucd9c\uad6c\ub85c <strong>\uac00\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \ucd9c\uad6c\uac00 \ub9c9\ud600 \uc788<strong>\uc5c8<\/strong>\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">When I got to Exit 7, I found that the exit was blocked.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">7\ubc88 \ucd9c\uad6c\uac00 <strong>\ub9c9\ud614\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> 8\ubc88 \ucd9c\uad6c\ub85c \ub098\uac00\uc138\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Exit 7 is blocked, so please get out through Exit 8.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<strong>3. Conjugation<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAs \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c is a (\uc73c) type conjugation, irregular verbs change their stems to fit into this construction. Try it on your own:\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 60px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc5f4\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\ub215\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\ub4e3\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\ub9cc\ub4e4\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\ubd80\ub974\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">&lt;Answer key&gt; \uc5f4\ub9ac\ub2c8\uae4c, \ub4e4\ub9ac\ub2c8\uae4c, \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\ub2c8\uae4c, \ub204\uc6b0\ub2c8\uae4c, \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub2c8\uae4c, \ubd80\ub974\ub2c8\uae4c<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">[h5p id=\"27\"]<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2. \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nWhat did you find out? Work with a classmate and complete the sentences. Take turns.\r\n\r\n<strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> [\ucc3d \ubc16\uc744 \ubcf4\ub2e4] \ucc3d \ubc16\uc744 \ubcf4\ub2c8\uae4c \ub208\uc774 \ub0b4\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694.\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 105px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.4948%; height: 15px;\">1. [\ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\ub2e4]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.5052%; height: 15px;\">______________________________________________________<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.4948%; height: 15px;\">2. [\ub0c9\uc7a5\uace0\ub97c \uc5f4\ub2e4]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.5052%; height: 15px;\">______________________________________________________<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.4948%; height: 15px;\">3. [\uc790\ub2e4\uac00 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub2e4]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.5052%; height: 15px;\">______________________________________________________<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.4948%; height: 15px;\">4. [\ub9e4\uc77c \uac77\ub2e4]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.5052%; height: 15px;\">______________________________________________________<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.4948%; height: 15px;\">5. [\ubd04\uc774 \ub418\ub2e4]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.5052%; height: 15px;\">______________________________________________________<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.4948%; height: 15px;\">6. [\ud154\ub808\ube44\uc804\uc744 \ud2c0\ub2e4]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.5052%; height: 15px;\">______________________________________________________<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.4948%; height: 15px;\">7. [Your own]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.5052%; height: 15px;\">______________________________________________________<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3. \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<strong>\ub0b4\uac00 \ud574 \ubcf4\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong>: Describe your discovery, realizations, or observations that ensued from another action or experience. Write at least three sentences for each item. Use \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c.\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 9.881129%;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 90.118871%;\">\uae30\uc219\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uc544\ubcf4\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 9.881129%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 90.118871%;\">\ub0b4\uac00 \uae30\uc219\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uc544\ubcf4\ub2c8\uae4c \ud63c\uc790 \uc0ac\ub294 \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uac19\uc774 \uc0b4 \ub54c\ub294 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc608\uc808\uc744 \uc9c0\ud0a4\ub294 \uac8c \uc815\ub9d0 \uc911\uc694\ud574\uc694. \ub610 \ub8f8\uba54\uc774\ud2b8\uc640 \ubc29\uc744 \uac19\uc774 \uc368 \ubcf4\ub2c8\uae4c \ubd88\ud3b8\ud55c \uc810\uc774 \uaf64 \ub9ce\uc558\uc5b4\uc694. \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5ec\ub7ec \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uadc0\uace0 \uc7ac\ubbf8\uc788\ub294 \uc77c\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc544\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n1. \uad50\ud1b5\uc571\uc744 \uc4f0\ub2e4\r\n\r\n2. \ud63c\uc790 \uc5ec\ud589\ud574 \ubcf4\ub2e4\r\n\r\n3. \uc628\ub77c\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\uc5c5\uc744 \ub4e4\uc5b4\ubcf4\ub2e4\r\n\r\n4. \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ub97c \ubc30\uc6cc\ubcf4\ub2e4\r\n\r\n5. \ud734\ub300\ud3f0\uc774 \uace0\uc7a5\ub098\uc11c \ubabb \uc4f0\ub2e4\r\n\r\n6. \ub274\uc2a4\ub97c \ubcf4\ub2e4\r\n\r\n7. Your own\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">4. \uc885\ud569 \uc5f0\uc2b5 Role Play<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nCreate a role play with your partner using the key grammar expressions and new vocabulary from this lesson. Include 5 to 6 meaningful rounds of dialogue. Take turns and feel free to add details to make the conversation lively.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Context:<\/strong> A person is on their way to visit their friend\u2019s new place but lost their way. They are trying to find a way to get there and ask directions to a passer-by. Exchange questions and answers to give proper directions to the destination. Include landmarks or notable points along the way.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Participants:<\/strong> A person and a passer-by<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Key Expressions:<\/strong> Passive verbs, \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790, \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Sample dialogue:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[h5p id=\"130\"]\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 60px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 15px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.25\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 roleplay dialogue 1\" width=\"2372\" height=\"454\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-396\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 15px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.34\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 roleplay dialogue 2\" width=\"2372\" height=\"456\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-397\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 15px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.39\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 roleplay dialogue 3\" width=\"2370\" height=\"454\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-398\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 15px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.49\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 roleplay dialogue 4\" width=\"2370\" height=\"454\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-399\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a id=\"L16Tasks\"><\/a>\ud574 \ubd10\uc694! Let's Cook!<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Interpretive Task 1. \ub4e3\uae30<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"131\"]\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Hannah and Her Friend\u2019s Voice Messages<\/strong><\/p>\r\nYour friend, Hanna, is living in Busan, Korea. She is coming this weekend to visit you and left a message on your phone. Listen to the message and answer the questions in Korean.\r\n\r\nWhat did you hear from the messages? Take notes on what you hear \u2013 in full sentences.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"shaded\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Hannah\u2019s voice message:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\ud55c\ub098\uac00 \uae30\ucc28\ub97c \ud0d4\ub2e4.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Eugene\u2019s voice message:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\uc804\ud654\uac00 \uc9c4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ud55c\ub098\uc758 \uc804\ud654\ub97c \ubabb \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<strong>Helpful Vocabulary:<\/strong>\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 45px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 17.273403%; height: 30px;\">\uacbd\ubcf5\uad81\uc5ed<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 32.726597%; height: 30px;\">Gyeongbokgung Palace Station<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20.690936%; height: 30px;\">\uc11c\uc6b8\uc5ed<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.309064%; height: 30px;\">Seoul Station<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 17.273403%; height: 15px;\">\uc548\uad6d\uc5ed<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 32.726597%; height: 15px;\">Anguk Station<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20.690936%; height: 15px;\">\uc885\ub85c 3\uac00\uc5ed<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.309064%; height: 15px;\">Jongno 3-ga Station<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Interpretive Task 2. \uc77d\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uae30<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Transportation App Review<\/strong><\/p>\r\nYou are searching for Korean apps to prepare for your upcoming travel in Korea. There are a lot of apps online, but you don\u2019t know which to choose.\r\n\r\n1. Read and talk about one of the app descriptions you found (below).\r\n\r\n2. Then, with your friends, exchange some helpful information you gathered or experienced about \uae38\ucc3e\uae30 \uc548\ub0b4 \uc571.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/hand-holding-a-phone-showing-a-transportation-app.jpg\" alt=\"hand holding a phone showing a transportation app\" width=\"146\" height=\"193\" class=\"wp-image-400 aligncenter\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\ubb34\ub8cc \uae38\ucc3e\uae30 \uc548\ub0b4 \uc571 \uc18c\uac1c<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\ub9ac\ubdf0: 4.8\/ 5 \uc810<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2018\uc6d4\ub4dc \ud0c0\uc6b4\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uad00\uad11 \uc548\ub0b4 \uc571\uc744 \ucd94\ucc9c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uc800\ucc98\ub7fc \uae38\uc744 \ucc3e \ubabb \ucc3e\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc571\uc778 \uac83 \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574 \ubcf4\ub2c8\uae4c \ucc38 \uc27d\uace0 \ud3b8\ub9ac\ud574\uc11c \uc88b\ub354\ub77c\uace0\uc694.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">AI \uc5ec\ud589 \ub3c4\uc6b0\ubbf8\uac00 \uce5c\uc808\ud558\uac8c \uc548\ub0b4\ub3c4 \ud574 \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uac00\uace0 \uc2f6\uc740 \uacf3\uc758 \uc5ec\ud589 \uc815\ubcf4\uc640 \uae38\uc548\ub0b4\ub97c \ud55c \ubc88\uc5d0 \uc27d\uac8c \ucc3e\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uace0, \ub9db\uc9d1, \uad00\uad11\uc9c0, \uc990\uae38 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud65c\ub3d9, \ub0a0\uc528 \uc815\ubcf4\ub3c4 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \ubb34\ub8cc \uc571\uc774\uace0\uc694.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uc8fc\ubcc0\uc5d0 \ucd94\ucc9c\ub3c4 \ud574 \uc8fc\uc2dc\uace0, \ub9ce\uc774 \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \ubcf4\uc2dc\uae30 \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<strong>Helpful Vocabulary:<\/strong>\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.614661%;\">\ub3c4\uc6b0\ubbf8<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.124319%;\">helper<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.397722%;\">\uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20.827143%;\">to provide<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 8.048539%;\">\uc810<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.987618%;\">score point<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Presentational Task 3. \ud1a0\ub860\ud558\uace0 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud558\uae30<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Weekend Adventure in Seoul:<\/strong>\r\n<strong>Exploring the City's Gems Using Public Transportation<\/strong><\/p>\r\nYou are in Seoul, Korea and planning to have a weekend excursion with your friend. Plan weekend activities and provide detailed directions using public transportation to get there.\r\n\r\n1. Have a brainstorming meeting with your partner and decide 1\u20132 places to visit.\r\n\r\n2. Give directions verbally to your classmate as a rehearsal to see if it is easy to follow your directions to those places.\r\n\r\n3. Write directions and present them in a brochure format to the class.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><a id=\"L16Culture\"><\/a>\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\uc640 \ud55c\uad6d \ubb38\ud654 Korean Flavors<\/h1>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Language Point: \"Passives\"<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nSome verbs like \ub2f9\ud558\ub2e4, \uba39\ub2e4 and \ub9de\ub2e4 have an inherently passive meaning, where the subject undergoes (mostly) adverse actions.\r\n\r\nInherently passive:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 90px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ubbfc\ud638\uac00 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0<strong>\uaed8<\/strong> \ud638\ub41c \uafb8\uc911<strong>\uc744<\/strong> \ub4e4\uc5c8\uc5b4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">Minho got a good talking\u2013to from his dad.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 30px;\">\ub098\ub294 \uc5b4\ub514\uc120\uac00 \ub0a0\uc544\uc628 \ub3cc<strong>\uc5d0<\/strong> \ub2e4\ub9ac<strong>\ub97c<\/strong> \ub9de\uc558\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 30px;\">I got hit in the leg by a rock thrown in from somewhere.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uacfc\uc7a5\uc740 \ubd80\ud558 \uc9c1\uc6d0<strong>\ud55c\ud14c(\uc11c)<\/strong> \uc0ac\uae30<strong>\ub97c<\/strong> \ub2f9\ud588\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">The chief got swindled by a lower\u2013ranked co\u2013worker.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc8fc\ucc28 \uc704\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uacbd\ucc30<strong>\ud55c\ud14c(\uc11c)<\/strong> \ub531\uc9c0<strong>\ub97c<\/strong> \uba39\uc5c8\uc5b4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">I got a ticket from a cop for a parking violation.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc120\ud654\uac00 \ubaa8\ub450<strong>\uc5d0\uac8c(\uc11c)<\/strong> \uc0ac\ub791<strong>\uc744<\/strong> \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">Sunhwa was loved by everyone. (She received love from everyone.)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nNow review your \ud558\ub2e4 \u21d2 \ub418\ub2e4 passives:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 60px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uad50\uc218\ub2d8\uc740 \ubbf8\ud305\ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uac15\uc758\ub97c <strong>\ucde8\uc18c\ud558\uc168\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">The professor cancelled class due to a meeting.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\u21d2 \uac15\uc758\uac00 \uc624\ub298\ub3c4 <strong>\ucde8\uc18c\ub410\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">The class was\/got cancelled again today.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc800\ub141 <strong>\uc900\ube44\ub97c \ub2e4 \ud588\uc5b4<\/strong>?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">Did you prepare dinner?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\u21d2 \uc800\ub141 <strong>\uc900\ube44\uac00 \ub2e4 \ub410\uc5b4<\/strong>?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">Is dinner prepared\/ready?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nAnd the \u2013\uac8c \ub418\ub2e4 passive:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 45px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ub9dd\uc124\uc774\ub2e4\uac00\ub294 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c <strong>\uc783\uac8c \ub420\uc9c0\ub3c4<\/strong> \ubab0\ub77c.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">If I hesitate, I might lose\/end up losing the opportunity.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc774\ubc88 \ud559\uae30\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uc218\uc5c5 <strong>\ubabb \ub4e3\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc5b4<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">(As it turned out,) I can\u2019t take that class this term.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ub098, \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0 <strong>\uac00\uac8c \ub410\ub2e4<\/strong>!<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">I get to go to Korea!<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\ud55c\uad6d \ubb38\ud654 \uae38\uc7a1\uc774<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Getting Around in Seoul: The Subway<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/subway-4823909_1280.jpg\" alt=\"subway-4823909_1280.jpg\" width=\"1280\" height=\"835\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-401\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Image by <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/users\/asd14235714-8603285\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=4823909\">Jang Hwan Cho<\/a> from <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=4823909\">Pixabay<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Once in Seoul, the subway and bus systems make it super-easy to get around. Subway stations can be a bit daunting at first \u2013 big, complex and busy, but the signage is well written and once you get used to your route, it\u2019ll be pretty straightforward. The trains run at frequent intervals, even on weekends and holidays, and you barely lose any time when transferring from one line to another. The subway operates from 5:30am to approximately midnight.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The Seoul subway system has nine main lines and a number of inter-connected commuter train lines. Some of the cars on the older lines are starting to show their age, but most trains are clean and pleasant, and many of the older stations seem to have been renovated recently.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The lines are color-coded and each station is labeled with a three-digit code. The first digit refers to the line and the last two digits indicate the station number.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Click this link to view the complete Seoul subway map:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sisul.or.kr\/open_content\/skydome\/introduce\/pop_subway.jsp\">https:\/\/www.sisul.or.kr\/open_content\/skydome\/introduce\/pop_subway.jsp<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694! I Got This!<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Check to see if you can do the following:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Understand the main ideas of simple directions<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Give directions to get to a place<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Share information about available transportation apps in Korea<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 90px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 15px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Listening Script<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"131\"]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 15px;\" colspan=\"2\">[\ud55c\ub098\uc758 \uc74c\uc131 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 7.800892%; height: 15px; vertical-align: top;\">\ud55c\ub098:<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 92.199108%; height: 15px;\">\uc720\uc9c4\uc774\ub2c8? \ub098 \ud55c\ub098\uc57c. \ubc29\uae08 \uae30\ucc28 \ud0d4\uc5b4. \uc11c\uc6b8\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \uc804\ud654\ud560\uac8c. \uadfc\ub370, \uc6b0\ub9ac \uacbd\ubcf5\uad81\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9cc\ub098\uae30\ub85c \ud55c \uac70 \ub9de\uc9c0? \uc9c0\uae08 \uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubcf4\ub2c8\uae4c, \uacbd\ubcf5\uad81 \uac00\ub294 \uac8c \uc0dd\uac01\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\ub124. \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0 \ub4e4\uc73c\uba74 \uc804\ud654\ud574 \uc918. \ub04a\uc744\uac8c.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 15px;\" colspan=\"2\">[\ub530\ub77c\ub530\ub77c\ub530\ub77c~]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 7.800892%; height: 15px;\">\ud55c\ub098:<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 92.199108%; height: 15px;\">\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694? \ud55c\ub098\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uae08\uc740 \uc804\ud654\ub97c \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\ub2c8 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub97c \ub0a8\uaca8 \uc8fc\uc138\uc694. \uc090\u2013<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 7.800892%; height: 15px; vertical-align: top;\">\uc720\uc9c4:<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 92.199108%; height: 15px;\">\uc5b4, \ub098 \uc720\uc9c4\uc778\ub370, \ubbf8\uc548\ud574. \ub124 \uc804\ud654 \ubabb \ubc1b\uc558\ub124. \ud578\ub4dc\ud3f0\uc744 \uc9c4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ud574 \ub194\uc11c \uc18c\ub9ac\uac00 \uc548 \ub4e4\ub838\uc5b4.\r\n\uc624\ub298 \uc8fc\ub9d0\uc774\ub77c\uc11c \uae38\uc774 \ub9c9\ud788\ub2c8\uae4c, \uc11c\uc6b8\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0b4\ub824\uc11c \uc9c0\ud558\ucca0\uc744 \ud0c0\ub294 \uac8c \ube68\ub77c.\r\n\uba3c\uc800, 4\ud638\uc120\uc744 \ud0c0. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc885\ub85c3\uac00\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c 3\ud638\uc120\uc73c\ub85c \uac08\uc544\ud0c0. \uc548\uad6d\uc5ed \uc9c0\ub098\uace0 \uadf8 \ub2e4\uc74c \uc5ed\uc774\r\n\uacbd\ubcf5\uad81\uc5ed\uc774\uc57c. \uac70\uae30\uc11c \ub0b4\ub824\uc11c \uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uae08 \uac78\uc5b4\uac00\uba74 \ubc14\ub85c5\ubc88 \ucd9c\uad6c\uac00 \ub098\uc62c \uac70\uc57c. 5\ubc88 \ucd9c\uad6c \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uc744\uac8c. \uc11c\uc6b8\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \uaf2d \uc804\ud654\ud574 \uc918. \uc54c\uc558\uc9c0?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a id=\"L16Async\"><\/a><a id=\"\"><\/a>\uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ud574\ubd10\uc694! Now You Try!<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4wb\/chapter\/lesson16\/\">16\uacfc Workbook Link<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4tasks\/chapter\/lesson16\/\">16\uacfc Integrated Performance Task Link<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\ud559\uc2b5 \ubaa9\ud45c Goals<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">By the end of this lesson you will be able to:<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div><span>Understand the main ideas of simple directions<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Give directions to get to somewhere<\/li>\n<li>Share information about available transportation apps in Korea<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uae30 Setting Up<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Lesson Focus<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#L16Vocab\">INGREDIENTS &#8211; \ub2e8\uc5b4 Vocabulary<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Directions &amp; Passive verbs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#L16Grammar\">RECIPE &#8211; \ubb38\ubc95\uacfc \ud45c\ud604 Grammar<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Passive Verbs<\/li>\n<li>V\u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/li>\n<li>V\u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c 2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#L16Tasks\">LET&#8217;S COOK &#8211; \ud574 \ubd10\uc694! Classroom Tasks<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Interpretive Task 1. Hannah and her friend\u2019s voice messages<\/li>\n<li>Interpretive &amp; Interpersonal Task 2. Transportation app review<\/li>\n<li>Interpersonal &amp; Presentational Task 3. Weekend excursion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#L16Culture\">KOREAN FLAVORS &#8211; \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\uc640 \ud55c\uad6d \ubb38\ud654 Korean Language and Culture<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Pseudo-Passives<\/li>\n<li>Getting around in Seoul: the Subway<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#L16Async\">NOW YOU TRY! &#8211; \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ud574\ubd10\uc694! Async. Practices and Tasks<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Integrated Performance Task Link<\/li>\n<li>WB Link<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc9dd\ud558\uace0 \uc598\uae30\ud574 \ubd10\uc694! Share your thoughts!<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>How do you introduce yourself in Korean? What information would you share with someone you are meeting for the first time?<\/p>\n<p>Now let\u2019s read these two dialogues. What are they talking about?<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-95\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-95\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"95\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSK4_16_Intro\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.31\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 setting up dialogue 1\" width=\"2372\" height=\"526\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.31\u202fPM.png 2372w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.31\u202fPM-300x67.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.31\u202fPM-1024x227.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.31\u202fPM-768x170.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.31\u202fPM-1536x341.png 1536w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.31\u202fPM-2048x454.png 2048w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.31\u202fPM-65x14.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.31\u202fPM-225x50.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.31\u202fPM-350x78.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2372px) 100vw, 2372px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.42\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 setting up dialogue 2\" width=\"2372\" height=\"524\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.42\u202fPM.png 2372w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.42\u202fPM-300x66.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.42\u202fPM-1024x226.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.42\u202fPM-768x170.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.42\u202fPM-1536x339.png 1536w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.42\u202fPM-2048x452.png 2048w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.42\u202fPM-65x14.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.42\u202fPM-225x50.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.42\u202fPM-350x77.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2372px) 100vw, 2372px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.54\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 setting up dialogue 3\" width=\"2372\" height=\"528\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.54\u202fPM.png 2372w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.54\u202fPM-300x67.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.54\u202fPM-1024x228.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.54\u202fPM-768x171.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.54\u202fPM-1536x342.png 1536w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.54\u202fPM-2048x456.png 2048w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.54\u202fPM-65x14.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.54\u202fPM-225x50.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.18.54\u202fPM-350x78.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2372px) 100vw, 2372px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a id=\"L16Vocab\"><\/a>\ub2e8\uc5b4 Ingredients<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uae38\ucc3e\uae30 Directions<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 90px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/right-turn-sign.jpg\" alt=\"right turn sign\" width=\"444\" height=\"562\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/right-turn-sign.jpg 444w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/right-turn-sign-237x300.jpg 237w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/right-turn-sign-65x82.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/right-turn-sign-225x285.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/right-turn-sign-350x443.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/left-turn-sign.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"439\" height=\"563\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/left-turn-sign.jpg 439w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/left-turn-sign-234x300.jpg 234w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/left-turn-sign-65x83.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/left-turn-sign-225x289.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/left-turn-sign-350x449.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 439px) 100vw, 439px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/entrance.jpg\" alt=\"entrance\" width=\"440\" height=\"563\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/entrance.jpg 440w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/entrance-234x300.jpg 234w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/entrance-65x83.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/entrance-225x288.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/entrance-350x448.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/exit.jpg\" alt=\"exit\" width=\"440\" height=\"563\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/exit.jpg 440w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/exit-234x300.jpg 234w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/exit-65x83.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/exit-225x288.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/exit-350x448.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/intersection.jpg\" alt=\"intersection\" width=\"629\" height=\"631\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/intersection.jpg 629w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/intersection-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/intersection-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/intersection-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/intersection-225x226.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/intersection-350x351.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 629px) 100vw, 629px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc624\ub978\ucabd<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc67c\ucabd<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc785\uad6c<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\ucd9c\uad6c<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc0ac\uac70\ub9ac<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">right side<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">left side<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">entrance<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">exit<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">intersection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/traffic-light.jpg\" alt=\"traffic light\" width=\"67\" height=\"141\" class=\"wp-image-373 aligncenter\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/traffic-light.jpg 285w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/traffic-light-143x300.jpg 143w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/traffic-light-65x137.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/traffic-light-225x473.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 67px) 100vw, 67px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/transportation-app-with-car.jpg\" alt=\"transportation app with car\" width=\"986\" height=\"1058\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-374\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/transportation-app-with-car.jpg 986w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/transportation-app-with-car-280x300.jpg 280w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/transportation-app-with-car-954x1024.jpg 954w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/transportation-app-with-car-768x824.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/transportation-app-with-car-65x70.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/transportation-app-with-car-225x241.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/transportation-app-with-car-350x376.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 986px) 100vw, 986px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/person-crossing-road.jpg\" alt=\"person crossing road\" width=\"686\" height=\"409\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/person-crossing-road.jpg 686w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/person-crossing-road-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/person-crossing-road-65x39.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/person-crossing-road-225x134.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/person-crossing-road-350x209.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 686px) 100vw, 686px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/turn-sign.jpg\" alt=\"turn sign\" width=\"725\" height=\"681\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/turn-sign.jpg 725w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/turn-sign-300x282.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/turn-sign-65x61.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/turn-sign-225x211.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/turn-sign-350x329.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-block-to-be-blocked.jpg\" alt=\"to pass\" width=\"812\" height=\"325\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-377\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-block-to-be-blocked.jpg 812w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-block-to-be-blocked-300x120.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-block-to-be-blocked-768x307.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-block-to-be-blocked-65x26.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-block-to-be-blocked-225x90.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-block-to-be-blocked-350x140.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc2e0\ud638\ub4f1<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uad50\ud1b5\uc571<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">(\uae38\uc744) \uac74\ub108\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\ub3cc\ub2e4\/\ub3cc\uc544\uac00\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc9c0\ub098\ub2e4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">traffic light<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">transportation app<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">to cross<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">to turn\/turn around<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">to pass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">Passive Verbs<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-see-to-be-seen.jpg\" alt=\"to see to be seen\" width=\"811\" height=\"313\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-655\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-see-to-be-seen.jpg 811w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-see-to-be-seen-300x116.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-see-to-be-seen-768x296.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-see-to-be-seen-65x25.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-see-to-be-seen-225x87.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-see-to-be-seen-350x135.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-use-to-be-used.jpg\" alt=\"to use to be used\" width=\"810\" height=\"321\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-use-to-be-used.jpg 810w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-use-to-be-used-300x119.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-use-to-be-used-768x304.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-use-to-be-used-65x26.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-use-to-be-used-225x89.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-use-to-be-used-350x139.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-change-to-be-changed.jpg\" alt=\"to change to be changed\" width=\"807\" height=\"311\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-change-to-be-changed.jpg 807w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-change-to-be-changed-300x116.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-change-to-be-changed-768x296.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-change-to-be-changed-65x25.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-change-to-be-changed-225x87.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-change-to-be-changed-350x135.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 807px) 100vw, 807px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-block-to-be-blocked-1.jpg\" alt=\"to block to be blocked\" width=\"812\" height=\"325\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-407\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-block-to-be-blocked-1.jpg 812w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-block-to-be-blocked-1-300x120.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-block-to-be-blocked-1-768x307.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-block-to-be-blocked-1-65x26.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-block-to-be-blocked-1-225x90.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-block-to-be-blocked-1-350x140.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-imprint-to-be-printed.jpg\" alt=\"to imprint to be imprinted\" width=\"809\" height=\"319\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-imprint-to-be-printed.jpg 809w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-imprint-to-be-printed-300x118.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-imprint-to-be-printed-768x303.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-imprint-to-be-printed-65x26.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-imprint-to-be-printed-225x89.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-imprint-to-be-printed-350x138.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 809px) 100vw, 809px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ubcf4\ub2e4 \u2013 \ubcf4\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\uc4f0\ub2e4 \u2013 \uc4f0\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ubc14\uafb8\ub2e4 \u2013 \ubc14\ub00c\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ub9c9\ub2e4 \u2013 \ub9c9\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ucc0d\ub2e4 \u2013 \ucc0d\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to see \u2013 to be seen, visible<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to see \u2013 to be seen, visible<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to change \u2013 to be changed<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to block \u2013 to be blocked<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to block \u2013 to be blocked<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-close-to-be-closed.jpg\" alt=\"to close to be closed\" width=\"813\" height=\"317\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-403\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-close-to-be-closed.jpg 813w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-close-to-be-closed-300x117.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-close-to-be-closed-768x299.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-close-to-be-closed-65x25.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-close-to-be-closed-225x88.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-close-to-be-closed-350x136.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 813px) 100vw, 813px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open-to-be-opened.jpg\" alt=\"to open to be opened\" width=\"808\" height=\"330\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open-to-be-opened.jpg 808w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open-to-be-opened-300x123.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open-to-be-opened-768x314.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open-to-be-opened-65x27.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open-to-be-opened-225x92.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open-to-be-opened-350x143.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 808px) 100vw, 808px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-hear-to-be-audible.jpg\" alt=\"to hear to be audible\" width=\"816\" height=\"327\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-hear-to-be-audible.jpg 816w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-hear-to-be-audible-300x120.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-hear-to-be-audible-768x308.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-hear-to-be-audible-65x26.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-hear-to-be-audible-225x90.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-hear-to-be-audible-350x140.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 816px) 100vw, 816px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-cut-to-be-cut.jpg\" alt=\"to cut to be cut\" width=\"812\" height=\"321\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-411\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-cut-to-be-cut.jpg 812w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-cut-to-be-cut-300x119.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-cut-to-be-cut-768x304.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-cut-to-be-cut-65x26.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-cut-to-be-cut-225x89.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-cut-to-be-cut-350x138.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-hug-to-be-held.jpg\" alt=\"to hug to be held\" width=\"810\" height=\"330\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-hug-to-be-held.jpg 810w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-hug-to-be-held-300x122.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-hug-to-be-held-768x313.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-hug-to-be-held-65x26.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-hug-to-be-held-225x92.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-hug-to-be-held-350x143.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ub2eb\ub2e4 \u2013 \ub2eb\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\uc5f4\ub2e4 \u2013 \uc5f4\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ub4e3\ub2e4 \u2013 \ub4e4\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ub04a\ub2e4\u2013 \ub04a\uae30\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\uc548\ub2e4 \u2013 \uc548\uae30\ub2e4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to close \u2013 to be closed<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to open \u2013 to be opened<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to hear \u2013 to be audible<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to cut \u2013 to be cut<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">to hug \u2013 to be held<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc0c8 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uc640 \ud45c\ud604 Other Vocabulary and Expressions<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 105px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uac74\ubb3c<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">building<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\u2013 \ud638\uc120<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">Line \u2013 (subway)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uacf5\uc0ac\uc911<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">under construction<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uac08\uc544\ud0c0\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to transfer (buses\/trains)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc0c1\uac00<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">commercial building<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uace0\uc7a5\ub098\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to break down<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc9c4\ub3d9<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">vibration<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ud5f7\uac08\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to get confused<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ucabd<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">direction, way<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ubc29\uae08<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">just now\/a moment ago<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uae38\uc744 \ucc3e\ub2e4\/\ubabb\ucc3e\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to (not be able to) find the way<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc7a0\uc774 \ub4e4\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to fall asleep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc800\uae30\uc694<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">Excuse me (attention-getter)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc9c4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to set to vibrate mode<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\ub2e8\uc5b4 \uba54\ubaa8\uc9c0 Vocabulary Notes<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><strong>1. \u2013\uc911 In progress<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The suffix \u2013\uc911 after <em>verbal<\/em> Sino-Korean nouns shows that an action is in progress:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 75px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 14.328358%; height: 15px;\">\ud68c\uc758<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.179105%; height: 15px;\">meeting in progress<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.492537%; height: 15px;\">\uc900\ube44<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.373134%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.626866%; height: 15px;\">in preparation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 14.328358%; height: 15px;\">\uacf5\uc0ac<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.179105%; height: 15px;\">construction in progress<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.492537%; height: 15px;\">\uc218\uc5c5<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.373134%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.626866%; height: 15px;\">class in session now<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 14.328358%; height: 15px;\">\uc2dd\uc0ac<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.179105%; height: 15px;\">during a meal\/at the table<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.492537%; height: 15px;\">\ud1b5\ud654<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.373134%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.626866%; height: 15px;\">line is busy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 14.328358%; height: 15px;\">\uc218\ub9ac<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.179105%; height: 15px;\">under repair<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.492537%; height: 15px;\">\uc601\uc5c5<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.373134%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.626866%; height: 15px;\">open for business<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 14.328358%; height: 15px;\">\ub300\ud654<strong>\uc911<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.179105%; height: 15px;\">during a conversation<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.492537%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.373134%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.626866%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>See how <strong>\u2013\uc911<\/strong> can also be used with -\uc5d0 or \uc774\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>\ud68c\uc758\uc911<\/strong>\uc5d0 \uc804\ud654\uac00 \uc654\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">I got a phone call in the middle of the meeting.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uad50\uc218\ub2d8\uc744 \ubd48\ub824\uace0 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \ub4e4\ub800\ub294\ub370 <strong>\uc218\uc5c5\uc911<\/strong>\uc774\uc168\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">I stopped by school to see the professor, but she was in class.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>2. \uae38 Expressions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\uae38<\/strong>, meaning <em>road<\/em> in Korean, is used in a variety of fixed expressions and idioms.<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 45px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ud070<strong>\uae38 <\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">main street, big street<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\uae38<\/strong>\ucc3e\uae30<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">getting\/finding directions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\uae38<\/strong>\uc744 \uc783\ub2e4\/\uc783\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to get lost<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\uae38<\/strong>\uc744 \ubabb\ucc3e\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to not be able to find the way<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\uae38<\/strong>\ub208\uc774 \ubc1d\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to have good sense of direction<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\uae38<\/strong>\ub208\uc774 \uc5b4\ub461\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to have a bad sense of direction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>3. \ub098\uc624\ub2e4 to come out from<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\ub098\uc624\ub2e4<\/strong> means <em>to come out<\/em> and can be translated various other ways such as <em>appear<\/em>, <em>make an appearance<\/em>, <em>come on the scene<\/em>, <em>come out in view<\/em>, etc.<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 90px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 30px;\">\uc9c0\ud558\ucca0 \uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c <strong>\ub098\uc624\uba74<\/strong> \ucee4\ud53c\uc20d\uc774 \ubcf4\uc77c \uac70\uc608\uc694.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 30px;\">If you get out of the subway station, you will see a coffee shop.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc870\uae08\ub9cc \ub354 \uac00\uba74 \ubc84\uc2a4\uc815\ub958\uc7a5\uc774 <strong>\ub098\uc640<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">If you go a little further, you will see a bus stop.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uadf8 \uc601\ud654\uc5d0 \ub0b4 \ucd5c\uc560 \uac00\uc218\uac00 <strong>\ub098\uc640<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">My favorite singer stars\/cameos in that movie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uac12\uc2fc \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8\uac00 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc5d0 <strong>\ub098\uc654\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">A cheap apartment came out on the market.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc544\uae4c \uad6c\ub984\uc774 \uaf08\uc5c8\ub294\ub370 \uc774\uc820 \ud574\uac00 <strong>\ub098\uc628\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">It was overcast a while ago; now the sun is coming out.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\ub2e8\uc5b4 \uc5f0\uc2b5 New Vocabulary Exercises<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 105px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uac74\ubb3c<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">building<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\u2013 \ud638\uc120<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">Line \u2013 (subway)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uacf5\uc0ac\uc911<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">under construction<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uac08\uc544\ud0c0\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to transfer (buses\/trains)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc0c1\uac00<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">commercial building<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uace0\uc7a5\ub098\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to break down<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc9c4\ub3d9<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">vibration<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ud5f7\uac08\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to get confused<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ucabd<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">direction, way<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ubc29\uae08<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">just now\/a moment ago<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uae38\uc744 \ucc3e\ub2e4\/\ubabb\ucc3e\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to (not be able to) find the way<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc7a0\uc774 \ub4e4\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to fall asleep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc800\uae30\uc694<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">Excuse me (attention-getter)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc9c4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">to set to vibrate mode<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1.<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-21\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-21\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"21\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Lesson 16 \ub2e8\uc5b4 \uc5f0\uc2b5 1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2.<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><strong>\uc6b0\ub9ac \ub3d9\ub124\uc5d0<\/strong>: Write where you can find the following places in your neighborhood.<\/p>\n<p>1. \uc0ac\uac70\ub9ac<\/p>\n<p>2. \ub192\uc740 \uac74\ubb3c<\/p>\n<p>3. \uc0c1\uac00<\/p>\n<p>4. \uacf5\uc0ac\uc911<\/p>\n<p>5. \uc9c0\ud558\ucca0\uc5ed \uc785\uad6c<\/p>\n<p>6. \uc2e0\ud638\ub4f1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3.<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%;\">\uac74\ub108\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%;\">\ub098\uac00\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%;\">\ub3cc\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%;\">\ub9c9\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%;\">\ubcf4\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%;\">\uc800\uae30\uc694<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div id=\"h5p-22\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-22\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"22\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Lesson 16 \ub2e8\uc5b4 \uc5f0\uc2b5 3\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><a id=\"L16Grammar\"><\/a>\ubb38\ubc95\uacfc \ud45c\ud604 Recipe<\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">1. \ud53c\ub3d9\ub3d9\uc0ac Passive Verbs<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.10\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 grammar 1 dialogue\" width=\"2424\" height=\"498\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.10\u202fPM.png 2424w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.10\u202fPM-300x62.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.10\u202fPM-1024x210.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.10\u202fPM-768x158.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.10\u202fPM-1536x316.png 1536w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.10\u202fPM-2048x421.png 2048w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.10\u202fPM-65x13.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.10\u202fPM-225x46.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.10\u202fPM-350x72.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2424px) 100vw, 2424px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-92\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-92\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"92\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSK4_16_G1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>1. Passive verbs<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>I broke the window. The window was broken.<\/em> Depending on how you say the \u201csame\u201d content, you can decide to reveal information about the doer or not to. This is the power of using passive sentences (the second one above). Rather than shuffling the words around in a sentence (like \u2018the window\u2019 being the object in the active and the subject in the passive sentences in English), you need to memorize the passive form of the verbs in Korean. When you hear them enough, you get used to them.<\/p>\n<p>In passive sentences, the focus is not someone doing something to or with something. Rather, the thing (or person) undergoing something is the focus and thus is the Subject. So, in Korean, the verb shapes and the noun markers are different in passive versus active sentences. Like so:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 30px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ub0b4\uac00 \ucc3d\ubb38<strong>\uc744<\/strong> \uae7c\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">I broke the window. (Active)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ucc3d\ubb38<strong>\uc774<\/strong> \uae68\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">The window was broken. (Passive)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Translation of the passives in Korean can vary. Sometimes it is [<em>was ..-ed<\/em>], other times can (with the <em>look\/see<\/em>, and <em>listen\/hear<\/em> pairs), and at times the English verb form doesn\u2019t even change.<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\ub04a\ub2e4 \u2013 \ub04a\uae30\ub2e4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uc804\ud654<strong>\ub97c<\/strong> \ubc8c\uc368<strong> \ub04a\uc5c8<\/strong>\uc5b4?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Did you hang up the phone already?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uc804\ud654<strong>\uac00<\/strong> <strong>\ub04a\uacbc<\/strong>\uc5b4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">The phone was\/got disconnected.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 45px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\ubcf4\ub2e4 \u2013 \ubcf4\uc774\ub2e4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc800 \uc0b0<strong>\uc744<\/strong> \uc880 <strong>\ubd10<\/strong>! \uc544\uc8fc \uba4b\uc788\uc9c0?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Look<\/strong> at that mountain! How cool!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 \uac00\uac8c<strong>\uac00<\/strong> \uc548 <strong>\ubcf4\uc774<\/strong>\ub124.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">The building is not <strong>visible<\/strong> from here, huh.<br \/>\nYou\/we <strong>can\u2019t see<\/strong> the building from here, huh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 60px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\ud314\ub2e4 \u2013 \ud314\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 30px;\">\ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud55c\uad6d \uc2dd\ub2f9\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c\uc815\uc2dd<strong>\uc744<\/strong> <strong>\ud30c<\/strong>\ub098\uc694?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 30px;\">Do all Korean restaurants <strong>sell<\/strong> full-course Korean meals?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc694\uc998 \uc2e0\ubb38<strong>\uc774<\/strong> \uc798 <strong>\uc548 \ud314\ub9b0<\/strong>\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">Newspapers <strong>don\u2019t sell (\u201cget sold\u201d)<\/strong> well these days.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>2. Passive verbs<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Passives verbs are usually the active verb base + <strong>\uc774<\/strong>, <strong>\ud788<\/strong>, <strong>\ub9ac<\/strong> or <strong>\uae30<\/strong>. Which of these four forms attaches to which verb is loosely decided by the shape of the base verb.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\">\u2013\uc774<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\ubcf4\ub2e4\u2013\ubcf4\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to see, watch \u2013 to be seen, visible<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\uac74\ubb3c\uc744 <strong>\ubd24\ub2e4<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\uac74\ubb3c\uc774 <strong>\ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">I saw a building.<br \/>\nA building is visible.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\uc4f0\ub2e4\u2013\uc4f0\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to use, spend \u2013 to be used, to be spent<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\uad50\ud1b5 \uce74\ub4dc\ub97c <strong>\uc4f4\ub2e4<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\uad50\ud1b5 \uce74\ub4dc\uac00 <strong>\uc4f0\uc778\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">I use a transportation card.<br \/>\nA transportation card is used.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\ubc14\uafb8\ub2e4\u2013\ubc14\ub00c\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to change<br \/>\nto be changed<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\uc5ed \uc774\ub984\uc744 <strong>\ubc14\uafe8\ub2e4<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\uc5ed \uc774\ub984\uc774 <strong>\ubc14\ub00c\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">They changed the station name.<br \/>\nThe station name has been changed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\">\u2013\ud788<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\ucc0d\ub2e4\u2013\ucc0d\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to print; to take photos \u2013 to be branded, printed<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\uc0ac\uc9c4\uc744 <strong>\ucc0d\ub294\ub2e4<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\uc0ac\uc9c4\uc774 <strong>\ucc0d\ud78c\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">I take a picture.<br \/>\nA picture is\/gets taken.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\ub2eb\ub2e4\u2013\ub2eb\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to close \u2013 to be closed<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\ubb38\uc744 <strong>\ub2eb\ub294\ub2e4<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\ubb38\uc774 <strong>\ub2eb\ud78c\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">I am closing the door.<br \/>\nThe door is closing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\ub9c9\ub2e4\u2013\ub9c9\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to block \u2013 to be blocked<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\uae38\uc744 <strong>\ub9c9\uc558\ub2e4<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\uae38\uc774 <strong>\ub9c9\ud614\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">They blocked the road.<br \/>\nThe road has been blocked.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\">\u2013\ub9ac<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\uc5f4\ub2e4\u2013\uc5f4\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to open something \u2013 to be opened, (something) to open<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\ubb38\uc744 <strong>\uc5f4\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\ubb38\uc774 <strong>\uc5f4\ub838\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">I opened the door.<br \/>\nThe door was open.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\ud314\ub2e4\u2013\ud314\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to sell something \u2013 to be sold<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\ucc28\ub97c <strong>\ud314\uc558\ub2e4<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\ucc28\uac00 <strong>\ud314\ub838\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">I sold a car.<br \/>\nA\/the car was sold.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\uc790\ub974\ub2e4\u2013\uc798\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to cut something \u2013 to be cut<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\uba38\ub9ac\ub97c <strong>\uc798\ub790\ub2e4<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\uc0ac\uc9c4\uc774 <strong>\uc798\ub838\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">I cut my hair (I had my haircut.)<br \/>\nSomeone got cut out of the photo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\">\u2013\uae30<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\uc548\ub2e4\u2013\uc548\uae30\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to hug, hold in arms \u2013 to be held in arms<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\uc5c4\ub9c8\uac00 \uc544\uae30\ub97c <strong>\uc548\uc558\ub2e4<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\uc544\uae30\uac00 \uc5c4\ub9c8\ud55c\ud14c <strong>\uc548\uacbc\ub2e4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">A mother held a baby.<br \/>\nA baby was held by their mother.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 6.627043%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.245171%;\">\ub04a\ub2e4\u2013\ub04a\uae30\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.417534%;\">to stop, quit, disconnect \u2013 to be cut (off), disconnected<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.245383%;\">\uc804\ud654\ub97c <strong>\ub04a\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\uc804\ud654\uac00 <strong>\ub04a\uacbc\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 31.464869%;\">I hung up the phone.<br \/>\nThe phone was hung up.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>If you need to or want to express who did the action involved in a passive sentence, you can use <strong>\ud55c\ud14c(\uc11c)<\/strong> (or <strong>\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c<\/strong>). If the causer of the action is inanimate, you can use <strong>\uc5d0<\/strong> or <strong>\uc73c\ub85c<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ubc84\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub204\uac00 \ubc1c<strong>\uc744 \ubc1f\uc558<\/strong>\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Someone stepped on my foot on the bus.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ubc84\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub204\uad6c<strong>\ud55c\ud14c\uc11c<\/strong> \ubc1c<strong>\uc774 \ubc1f\ud614<\/strong>\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">My foot was stepped on by someone on the bus.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 30px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ubc14\ub78c\uc774 \ub0b4 \ubc29\uc758 \ubb38<strong>\uc744<\/strong> \ucf85\ud558\uace0 <strong>\ub2eb\uc558<\/strong>\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">A wind slammed the door of my room shut.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ubc14\ub78c<strong>\uc5d0<\/strong> \ub0b4 \ubc29\uc758 \ubb38<strong>\uc774<\/strong> \ucf85\ud558\uace0 <strong>\ub2eb\ud614<\/strong>\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">The door of my room got slammed shut by the wind.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Some passive verbs are used with \u2013\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4 when the result of the action done lingers on or continues:<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open.jpg\" alt=\"to open\" width=\"1540\" height=\"524\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open.jpg 1540w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open-300x102.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open-1024x348.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open-768x261.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open-1536x523.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open-65x22.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open-225x77.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-open-350x119.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1540px) 100vw, 1540px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-close.jpg\" alt=\"to close\" width=\"1063\" height=\"587\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-close.jpg 1063w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-close-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-close-1024x565.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-close-768x424.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-close-65x36.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-close-225x124.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-close-350x193.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1063px) 100vw, 1063px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-place.jpg\" alt=\"to put\" width=\"1502\" height=\"451\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-place.jpg 1502w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-place-300x90.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-place-1024x307.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-place-768x231.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-place-65x20.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-place-225x68.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-place-350x105.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1502px) 100vw, 1502px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-pile-up.jpg\" alt=\"to pile up\" width=\"1507\" height=\"626\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-pile-up.jpg 1507w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-pile-up-300x125.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-pile-up-1024x425.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-pile-up-768x319.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-pile-up-65x27.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-pile-up-225x93.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-pile-up-350x145.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1507px) 100vw, 1507px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-write.jpg\" alt=\"to write\" width=\"1404\" height=\"417\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-write.jpg 1404w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-write-300x89.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-write-1024x304.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-write-768x228.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-write-65x19.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-write-225x67.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/to-write-350x104.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1404px) 100vw, 1404px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\uc5f4\ub2e4 \u21d2 \uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\ub2e4<br \/>\n(was opened and thus is open still)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ub2eb\ub2e4 \u21d2 \ub2eb\ud600 \uc788\ub2e4<br \/>\n(was closed and thus is closed still)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ub193\uc774\ub2e4 \u21d2 \ub193\uc5ec \uc788\ub2e4 (was put down and thus is placed somewhere still)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\uc313\uc774\ub2e4 \u21d2 \uc313\uc5ec \uc788\ub2e4 (was piled on and thus is stacked)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\uc4f0\ub2e4 \u21d2 \uc4f0\uc5ec \uc788\ub2e4<br \/>\n(was written and thus is written still)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 60px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.333333%;\">\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \uc88b\uc544\uc11c \ucc3d\ubb38\uc744 <strong>\uc5f4\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.333333%;\">I opened the window because the weather was nice.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.333333%; height: 15px;\">\ucc3d\ubb38\uc774 <strong>\uc5f4\ub838\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.333333%; height: 15px;\">The window was opened.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.333333%; height: 15px;\">\ucc3d\ubb38\uc774 <strong>\uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.333333%; height: 15px;\">The window is (currently) open.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>3. Conjugation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Try on your own:<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 75px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Passive<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Passive<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Passive<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\uba39\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\uce58\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\ubcf4\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\ub4e3\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\ud314\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\ub2e6\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\uc77d\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\uc790\ub974\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\ub2eb\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\uc548\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\ub9c9\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\">\ucc0d\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.666667%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">&lt;Answer key&gt; \uba39\ud788\ub2e4, \ub4e4\ub9ac\ub2e4, \uc77d\ud788\ub2e4, \uc549\ud788\ub2e4, \uce58\uc774\ub2e4, \ud314\ub9ac\ub2e4, \uc798\ub9ac\ub2e4, \ub9c9\ud788\ub2e4, \ubcf4\uc774\ub2e4, \ub2e6\uc774\ub2e4, \ub2eb\ud788\ub2e4, \ucc0d\ud788\ub2e4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. Passive<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-23\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-23\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"23\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Lesson 16 \ubb38\ubc95 1 \uc5f0\uc2b5 1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2. Passive<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/subway-exit.jpg\" alt=\"subway exit\" width=\"226\" height=\"189\" class=\"wp-image-388 aligncenter\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/subway-exit.jpg 788w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/subway-exit-300x251.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/subway-exit-768x643.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/subway-exit-65x54.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/subway-exit-225x188.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/subway-exit-350x293.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 226px) 100vw, 226px\" \/><\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ub9c9\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\uc5f4\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ubcf4\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ub2eb\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;\">\ubc14\ub00c\ub2e4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div id=\"h5p-24\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-24\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"24\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Lesson 16 \ubb38\ubc95 1 \uc5f0\uc2b5 2\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3. Passive<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Give a response to the prompt. Use a passive verb fitting for the context.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> \uac00: \uc65c \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub2a6\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong><\/span>\ub098: \uae38\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \ub9c9\ud600\uc11c \ub2a6\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694. \ubbf8\uc548\ud574\uc694.<\/p>\n<p>1. \uac00: \uc74c\uc545 \uc880 \ud06c\uac8c \ud574 \uc904\ub798\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">1.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544, \uadf8\ub798\uc694? \uc9c0\uae08\uc740 \uc798 ________________?<\/p>\n<p>2. \uac00: \ubbfc\uc218 \uc528\uac00 \uc694\uc998 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uc548 \ub098\uc640\uc694. \ubbfc\uc218 \uc528\ud55c\ud14c \uc804\ud654\ud574 \ubd24\uc5b4\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">2.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\uae4c \ud588\ub294\ub370 \uc804\ud654\ubc88\ud638\uac00 ________________ \uac83 \uac19\uc544\uc694.<\/p>\n<p>3. \uac00: \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c \ucc2c \ubc14\ub78c\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc624\ub124\uc694.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">3.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544, \uc800\uae30 \ucc3d\ubb38\uc774 ________________\ub124\uc694.<\/p>\n<p>4. \uac00: \ud639\uc2dc \uc81c \ud734\ub300\ud3f0 \ubabb \ubcf4\uc168\uc5b4\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">4.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\uae4c \ubcf4\ub2c8\uae4c \uc800\uae30 \uc18c\ud30c \uc704\uc5d0 ________________\uc788\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694.<\/p>\n<p>5. \uac00: \uc62c\ud574 \uc5ec\ub984\uc740 \uc815\ub9d0 \ub108\ubb34 \ub354\uc6e0\uc9c0\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">5.<\/span> \ub098: \ub124. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc5d0\uc5b4\ucee8 \uc774 \uc815\ub9d0 \ub9ce\uc774 ________________\ub300\uc694.<\/p>\n<p>6. \uac00: \uc6b0\ub9ac \uace0\uc591\uc774 \uc5b4\ub514 \uc788\uc9c0?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">6.<\/span> \ub098: \ub3d9\uc0dd\ud55c\ud14c ________________\uc788\uc5b4.<\/p>\n<p>7. \uac00: \uc557! \uc9c0\uae08 \ube68\uac04 \uc2e0\ud638\ub4f1\uc744 \uc9c0\ub098\uc654\uc5b4\uc694!<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">7.<\/span> \ub098: \ubbf8\uc548\ud574\uc694. \uc870\uae08 \uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \ub178\ub780\uc0c9\uc774\uc5c8\ub294\ub370 \uc2e0\ud638\ub4f1\uc774 ________________.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\uc5d0\uc5b4\ucee8: air conditioner<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 4. Passive<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Describe the changes that took place in the room before and after cleaning and reorganizing Kai\u2019s new place.<\/p>\n<p>(\uadf8\ub9bc \uc608)<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center;\">\uccad\uc18c \uc804<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center;\">\uccad\uc18c \ud6c4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/messy-room.jpg\" alt=\"messy room\" width=\"1130\" height=\"735\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-389\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/messy-room.jpg 1130w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/messy-room-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/messy-room-1024x666.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/messy-room-768x500.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/messy-room-65x42.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/messy-room-225x146.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/messy-room-350x228.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1130px) 100vw, 1130px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/clean-room.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1136\" height=\"730\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/clean-room.jpg 1136w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/clean-room-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/clean-room-1024x658.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/clean-room-768x494.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/clean-room-65x42.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/clean-room-225x145.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/clean-room-350x225.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1136px) 100vw, 1136px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\uc9c0\ub09c \uc8fc\uc5d0 \uc0c8 \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8\ub85c \uc774\uc0ac\ud588\ub294\ub370 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \ub108\ubb34 \uc5c6\uc5b4\uc11c \uc9d0\uc815\ub9ac\ub97c \ubabb\ud588\uc5b4\uc694. \uc624\ub298 \ud734\uc77c\uc774\ub77c\uc11c \uc9d1\uc815\ub9ac\ub97c \ud558\uace0 \uccad\uc18c\ub97c \ud588\uc5b4\uc694.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\uccad\uc18c \uc804\uc5d0\ub294<\/span>_____________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p>_______________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\uccad\uc18c \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294_____________________________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n<p>_______________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\uc81c\ub294 \uc9d1\uc774 \uc815\ub9d0 \uae68\ub057\ud574\uc838\uc11c \uc88b\uc544\uc694!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">2. V\u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 As Soon As; The Second That<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.48\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 grammar 2 dialogue\" width=\"2410\" height=\"540\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.48\u202fPM.png 2410w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.48\u202fPM-300x67.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.48\u202fPM-1024x229.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.48\u202fPM-768x172.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.48\u202fPM-1536x344.png 1536w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.48\u202fPM-2048x459.png 2048w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.48\u202fPM-65x15.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.48\u202fPM-225x50.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.19.48\u202fPM-350x78.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2410px) 100vw, 2410px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-93\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-93\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"93\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSK4_16_G2\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>1. V\u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 as soon as<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>You can learn \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 as a new ending that means as soon as. The only trick is that you use it with the base form of the verb, even though the main clause can be in the past or future tense.<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 60px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc5d8\ub9ac\ubca0\uc774\ud130 \ubb38\uc774 <strong>\uc5f4\ub9ac\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/strong> \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 <strong>\ub098\uc654\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">As soon as the elevator opened, many people got out.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ub124 \uc774\uba54\uc77c\uc744 <strong>\ubc1b\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/strong> \ub2f5\uc7a5\uc744 \ud560 \uac70\uc57c.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">I will write back as soon as I get your email.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uaca8\uc6b8\uc774 <strong>\ub418\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/strong> \uaf2d \ud788\ud130\uac00 \uace0\uc7a5 \ub098.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">No sooner than the winter sets in, the heater invariably breaks down.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uadf8 \ub3d9\ub124\ub294 \ud070 \uae38\uc774 <strong>\uc0dd\uae30\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/strong> \uc790\ub3d9\ucc28 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud574\uc9c0\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">As soon as the road was built, the town got packed with cars.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>2. Conjugation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As \u2013\uc790 \ub9c8\uc790 is a consonant-beginning suffix, the stem does not go through any changes. Try on your own:<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 60px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc5f4\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ub2e6\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ub4e3\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ub9cc\ub4e4\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ubd80\ub974\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">&lt;Answer key&gt; \uc5f4\ub9ac\uc790\ub9c8\uc790, \ub4e3\uc790\ub9c8\uc790, \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\uc790\ub9c8\uc790, \ub2e6\uc790\ub9c8\uc790, \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc790\ub9c8\uc790, \ubd80\ub974\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-26\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-26\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"26\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Lesson 16 \ubb38\ubc95 2 \uc5f0\uc2b5 1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\uc2e0\ud638\ub4f1: traffic light<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2. \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Give your friend directions to the Korean Culture Center, telling them what actions are to be taken immediately after another.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> \uc0ac\uac70\ub9ac\ub97c \uc9c0\ub098\uc694 + \uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\uc138\uc694. \u21d2 \uc0ac\uac70\ub9ac\ub97c \uc9c0\ub098\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/map-indicating-directions-to-a-building.jpg\" alt=\"map indicating directions to a building\" width=\"967\" height=\"768\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/map-indicating-directions-to-a-building.jpg 967w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/map-indicating-directions-to-a-building-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/map-indicating-directions-to-a-building-768x610.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/map-indicating-directions-to-a-building-65x52.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/map-indicating-directions-to-a-building-225x179.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/map-indicating-directions-to-a-building-350x278.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 967px) 100vw, 967px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/go-up-elevator-then-go-to-reception-desk-in-office.jpg\" alt=\"go up elevator then go to reception desk in office\" width=\"1555\" height=\"629\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/go-up-elevator-then-go-to-reception-desk-in-office.jpg 1555w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/go-up-elevator-then-go-to-reception-desk-in-office-300x121.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/go-up-elevator-then-go-to-reception-desk-in-office-1024x414.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/go-up-elevator-then-go-to-reception-desk-in-office-768x311.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/go-up-elevator-then-go-to-reception-desk-in-office-1536x621.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/go-up-elevator-then-go-to-reception-desk-in-office-65x26.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/go-up-elevator-then-go-to-reception-desk-in-office-225x91.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/go-up-elevator-then-go-to-reception-desk-in-office-350x142.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1555px) 100vw, 1555px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>1. \ub2e4\ub9ac\ub97c \uac74\ub108\uc694 + \uc67c\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n<p>2. \uc67c\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc694 + \ub178\ub780\uc0c9 \uac74\ubb3c\uc774 \ubcf4\uc77c \uac70\uc608\uc694.<\/p>\n<p>3. \uac74\ubb3c \uc785\uad6c\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uc694 + \ubc14\ub85c \uc5d8\ub9ac\ubca0\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ub098\uc640\uc694.<\/p>\n<p>4. \uc5d8\ub9ac\ubca0\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ud0c0\uace0 4\uce35\uc5d0 \ub0b4\ub824\uc694 + \uc624\ud53c\uc2a4 \uc785\uad6c\uac00 \ubcf4\uc77c \uac70\uc608\uc694.<\/p>\n<p>5. \uc624\ud53c\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc640\uc694 + \uc548\ub0b4 \ub370\uc2a4\ud06c\ub97c \ucc3e\uc73c\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n<p>6. \uc548\ub0b4 \ub370\uc2a4\ud06c\uac00 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc694 + \ubc14\ub85c \uc548\ub0b4\uc6d0\uc5d0\uac8c \uac00\uc11c \ub3c4\uc790\uae30 \uc218\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubb38\uc758\ud558\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n<p>7. \uc548\ub0b4\uc6d0\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3c4\uc790\uae30 \uc218\uc5c5 \uc548\ub0b4\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\uc694 + \ub4f1\ub85d\ud558\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3. \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Ask your classmates what they usually do as soon as each situation arises. Find two people who do the same thing in each situation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> \ud3c9\uc77c \uc544\uce68\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong><\/span>\uac00: \ud3c9\uc77c \uc544\uce68\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \ubb50 \ud574\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong><\/span>\ub098: \ud3c9\uc77c \uc544\uce68\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \ub274\uc2a4\ub97c \ubd10\uc694.<\/p>\n<p>1. \uc544\uce68\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>2. \ub9e4\uc77c \uae30\uc219\uc0ac\/\uc544\ud30c\ud2b8\/\uc9d1\uc5d0 \uac00\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>3. \ubc29\ud559\uc774 \ub418\ub2e4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 4. \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Same practice with the past tense.<\/p>\n<p>1. \uc544\uce68\uc5d0 \uc9c0\ud558\ucca0\/\ubc84\uc2a4\ub97c \ud0c0\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>2. \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\ub97c \ucf1c\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>3. \uc5b4\uc81c \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4 \uc218\uc5c5\uc774 \ub05d\ub098\ub2e4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 5. \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Same practice with the future tense.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong>\uc624\ub298 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4 \uc218\uc5c5\uc774 \ub05d\ub098\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong><\/span>\uac00: \uc624\ub298 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4 \uc218\uc5c5\uc774 \ub05d\ub098\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \ubb50 \ud560 \uac70\uc608\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong><\/span>\ub098:\uc624\ub298 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4 \uc218\uc5c5\uc774 \ub05d\ub098\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \ub3c4\uc11c\uad00\uc5d0 \uac00\uc11c \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4 \uc219\uc81c\ub97c \ud560 \uac70\uc608\uc694<\/p>\n<p>1. \ubc29\ud559\uc774 \ub418\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>2. \uc878\uc5c5\ud558\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>3. \ubcf5\uad8c\uc5d0 \ub2f9\ucca8\ub418\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>4. \ud55c\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\ud589\uac00\uc11c \uacf5\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\ubcf5\uad8c\uc5d0 \ub2f9\ucca8\ub418\ub2e4: to win a lottery<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 6. \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><strong>\ub098\uc758 \ud558\ub8e8:<\/strong> Take turns with your partner making a chain of sentences with \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790, talking about your daily schedule &#8212; or a plan for the best Saturday ever. See how many sentences you can chain together. If you get stuck, start a new chain!<\/p>\n<p><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> \uac00: \ub098\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \uc774\ub97c \ub2e6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong><\/span>\ub098: \ub098\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc774\ub97c \ub2e6\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \uc544\uce68\uc744 \uba39\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/span><\/strong>\uac00: \ub098\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc544\uce68\uc744 \uba39\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \uc124\uac70\uc9c0\ub97c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong><\/span>\ub098: \ub098\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc124\uac70\uc9c0\ub97c \ud558\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \ucee4\ud53c\ub97c \ub9c8\uc2dc\uace0 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uac11\ub2c8\ub2e4\u2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">3. Since; Upon Doing One Finds That<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.14\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 grammar 3 dialogue\" width=\"2450\" height=\"584\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.14\u202fPM.png 2450w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.14\u202fPM-300x72.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.14\u202fPM-1024x244.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.14\u202fPM-768x183.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.14\u202fPM-1536x366.png 1536w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.14\u202fPM-2048x488.png 2048w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.14\u202fPM-65x15.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.14\u202fPM-225x54.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.14\u202fPM-350x83.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2450px) 100vw, 2450px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-94\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-94\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"94\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSK4_16_G3\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>1. A\/V\u2013\uc5b4\/\uc544\uc11c vs. A\/V\u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c as, since, because; so\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is a very good time to review what has ailed you as a Korean student for some time \u2013\u2013 the distinction between \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c and \u2013\uc5b4\/\uc544\uc11c.\u00a0 In the simplest world, \u2013\uc5b4\uc11c means \u201c<em>as\u2026, so\u2026<\/em>\u201d and \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c means \u201c<em>I see it as\u2026, so<\/em>;<em> the way I see it is that\u2026so&#8230;\u201d\u00a0 <\/em>That is, \u2013<strong>\uc5b4\/<\/strong><strong>\uc544\uc11c<\/strong> expresses an obvious and <strong>reasonable result<\/strong>. On the other hand, \u2013<strong>(<\/strong><strong>\uc73c)<\/strong><strong>\ub2c8\uae4c <\/strong>expresses a consequence <strong>subjectively justified<\/strong> or <strong>reasoned<\/strong> <strong>out<\/strong> by the speaker. Thus, in many cases, both connectors are possible with different interpretations:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub108\ubb34 \ub9ce\uc774 <strong>\uba39\uc5b4\uc11c<\/strong> \ubc30 \ud130\uc9c0\uaca0\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">I ate too much &#8212; my belly is about to burst.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub108\ubb34 \ub9ce\uc774 <strong>\uba39\uc5c8\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \ubc30\uac00 \uc544\ud504\uc9c0!<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Your belly is aching \u2018cause you ate too much, (of course!)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub0b4\uac00 <strong>\uac00\uc11c<\/strong> \uac54\ub294 \uc548 \uc62c \uac70\uc57c.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Since I am going he won\u2019t come (as anyone can see).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub0b4\uac00 <strong>\uac00\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \uac54\ub294 \uc548 \uc62c \uac70\uc57c.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">He won\u2019t come because I am going. (That\u2019s what I think.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><em>subjectivity<\/em><\/strong><\/span> (personal reasoning or justification) dictates that \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4cbe used in commands, suggestions, and guesses (not \u00a0\u2013\uc5b4\/\uc544\uc11c):<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 45px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ube44\uac00 <strong>\uc640\uc11c<\/strong> \uc6b0\uc0b0\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uac14\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">I brought an umbrella as it was raining.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ube44\uac00 <strong>\uc624\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \uc6b0\uc0b0\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uac00\uc138\uc694.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">Take the umbrella \u2013 since it\u2019s raining.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc5ec\uae30 \ube44\uac00 <strong>\uc654(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \uac70\uae30\ub3c4 \uc654\uc744 \uac70\uc608\uc694.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">Because it rained here, I presume it has rained there as well.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>2. V\u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c when (not exactly temporal)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The essence of the subjective, \u2018reasoning it all out\u2019 sense of \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c is <strong>personal experience<\/strong>, leading to another sense: <em>I have just arrived at a place (physically or metaphorically) and as a result I now realize\/notice\u2026<\/em>, very much like -\ub354\ub2c8.<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 90px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 30px;\">7\ubc88 \ucd9c\uad6c\ub85c <strong>\uac00\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \ucd9c\uad6c\uac00 \ub9c9\ud600 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 30px;\">When I got to Exit 7, (I found that) the exit was blocked.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">7\ubc88 \ucd9c\uad6c\ub85c <strong>\uac14\ub354\ub2c8<\/strong> \ucd9c\uad6c\uac00 \ub9c9\ud600 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">When I got to Exit 7, I found that the exit was blocked.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c <strong>\ub3c4\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \uc601\ud654\uad00\uc774 \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">When I turn right, the theater was there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc598\uae30\ub97c \ud574 <strong>\ubcf4\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \uc88b\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc778 \uac83 \uac19\uc558\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">I talked to him; he seemed like a nice person.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc544\uce68\uc5d0 <strong>\uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \ubb38\uc790\uac00 \uc640 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">I woke up and found that a text message had come in.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>When \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c expresses the completion of an action preceding a realization or discovery, it is NOT marked with tense. (The two events are sort of counted as ONE connected event.) When it expresses reasoning for the following command or suggestion, appropriate tense marking is necessary.<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">7\ubc88 \ucd9c\uad6c\ub85c <strong>\uac00\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> \ucd9c\uad6c\uac00 \ub9c9\ud600 \uc788<strong>\uc5c8<\/strong>\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">When I got to Exit 7, I found that the exit was blocked.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">7\ubc88 \ucd9c\uad6c\uac00 <strong>\ub9c9\ud614\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> 8\ubc88 \ucd9c\uad6c\ub85c \ub098\uac00\uc138\uc694.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Exit 7 is blocked, so please get out through Exit 8.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>3. Conjugation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c is a (\uc73c) type conjugation, irregular verbs change their stems to fit into this construction. Try it on your own:<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 60px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><strong>\u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc5f4\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\ub215\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\ub4e3\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\ub9cc\ub4e4\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\ubd80\ub974\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">&lt;Answer key&gt; \uc5f4\ub9ac\ub2c8\uae4c, \ub4e4\ub9ac\ub2c8\uae4c, \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\ub2c8\uae4c, \ub204\uc6b0\ub2c8\uae4c, \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub2c8\uae4c, \ubd80\ub974\ub2c8\uae4c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-27\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-27\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"27\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Lesso 16 \ubb38\ubc95 3 \uc5f0\uc2b5 1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2. \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>What did you find out? Work with a classmate and complete the sentences. Take turns.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> [\ucc3d \ubc16\uc744 \ubcf4\ub2e4] \ucc3d \ubc16\uc744 \ubcf4\ub2c8\uae4c \ub208\uc774 \ub0b4\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694.<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 105px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 29.4948%; height: 15px;\">1. [\ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\ub2e4]<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.5052%; height: 15px;\">______________________________________________________<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 29.4948%; height: 15px;\">2. [\ub0c9\uc7a5\uace0\ub97c \uc5f4\ub2e4]<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.5052%; height: 15px;\">______________________________________________________<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 29.4948%; height: 15px;\">3. [\uc790\ub2e4\uac00 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub2e4]<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.5052%; height: 15px;\">______________________________________________________<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 29.4948%; height: 15px;\">4. [\ub9e4\uc77c \uac77\ub2e4]<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.5052%; height: 15px;\">______________________________________________________<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 29.4948%; height: 15px;\">5. [\ubd04\uc774 \ub418\ub2e4]<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.5052%; height: 15px;\">______________________________________________________<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 29.4948%; height: 15px;\">6. [\ud154\ub808\ube44\uc804\uc744 \ud2c0\ub2e4]<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.5052%; height: 15px;\">______________________________________________________<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 29.4948%; height: 15px;\">7. [Your own]<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.5052%; height: 15px;\">______________________________________________________<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3. \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><strong>\ub0b4\uac00 \ud574 \ubcf4\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong>: Describe your discovery, realizations, or observations that ensued from another action or experience. Write at least three sentences for each item. Use \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c.<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 9.881129%;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90.118871%;\">\uae30\uc219\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uc544\ubcf4\ub2e4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 9.881129%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90.118871%;\">\ub0b4\uac00 \uae30\uc219\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uc544\ubcf4\ub2c8\uae4c \ud63c\uc790 \uc0ac\ub294 \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uac19\uc774 \uc0b4 \ub54c\ub294 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc608\uc808\uc744 \uc9c0\ud0a4\ub294 \uac8c \uc815\ub9d0 \uc911\uc694\ud574\uc694. \ub610 \ub8f8\uba54\uc774\ud2b8\uc640 \ubc29\uc744 \uac19\uc774 \uc368 \ubcf4\ub2c8\uae4c \ubd88\ud3b8\ud55c \uc810\uc774 \uaf64 \ub9ce\uc558\uc5b4\uc694. \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5ec\ub7ec \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uadc0\uace0 \uc7ac\ubbf8\uc788\ub294 \uc77c\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc544\uc694.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>1. \uad50\ud1b5\uc571\uc744 \uc4f0\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>2. \ud63c\uc790 \uc5ec\ud589\ud574 \ubcf4\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>3. \uc628\ub77c\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\uc5c5\uc744 \ub4e4\uc5b4\ubcf4\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>4. \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ub97c \ubc30\uc6cc\ubcf4\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>5. \ud734\ub300\ud3f0\uc774 \uace0\uc7a5\ub098\uc11c \ubabb \uc4f0\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>6. \ub274\uc2a4\ub97c \ubcf4\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>7. Your own<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">4. \uc885\ud569 \uc5f0\uc2b5 Role Play<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Create a role play with your partner using the key grammar expressions and new vocabulary from this lesson. Include 5 to 6 meaningful rounds of dialogue. Take turns and feel free to add details to make the conversation lively.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Context:<\/strong> A person is on their way to visit their friend\u2019s new place but lost their way. They are trying to find a way to get there and ask directions to a passer-by. Exchange questions and answers to give proper directions to the destination. Include landmarks or notable points along the way.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Participants:<\/strong> A person and a passer-by<\/li>\n<li><strong>Key Expressions:<\/strong> Passive verbs, \u2013\uc790\ub9c8\uc790, \u2013(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sample dialogue:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"h5p-130\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-130\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"130\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSK4_16_Dialogue\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 60px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 15px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.25\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 roleplay dialogue 1\" width=\"2372\" height=\"454\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.25\u202fPM.png 2372w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.25\u202fPM-300x57.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.25\u202fPM-1024x196.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.25\u202fPM-768x147.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.25\u202fPM-1536x294.png 1536w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.25\u202fPM-2048x392.png 2048w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.25\u202fPM-65x12.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.25\u202fPM-225x43.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.25\u202fPM-350x67.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2372px) 100vw, 2372px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 15px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.34\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 roleplay dialogue 2\" width=\"2372\" height=\"456\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.34\u202fPM.png 2372w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.34\u202fPM-300x58.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.34\u202fPM-1024x197.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.34\u202fPM-768x148.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.34\u202fPM-1536x295.png 1536w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.34\u202fPM-2048x394.png 2048w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.34\u202fPM-65x12.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.34\u202fPM-225x43.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.34\u202fPM-350x67.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2372px) 100vw, 2372px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 15px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.39\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 roleplay dialogue 3\" width=\"2370\" height=\"454\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-398\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.39\u202fPM.png 2370w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.39\u202fPM-300x57.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.39\u202fPM-1024x196.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.39\u202fPM-768x147.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.39\u202fPM-1536x294.png 1536w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.39\u202fPM-2048x392.png 2048w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.39\u202fPM-65x12.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.39\u202fPM-225x43.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.39\u202fPM-350x67.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2370px) 100vw, 2370px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 15px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.49\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"lesson 16 roleplay dialogue 4\" width=\"2370\" height=\"454\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.49\u202fPM.png 2370w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.49\u202fPM-300x57.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.49\u202fPM-1024x196.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.49\u202fPM-768x147.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.49\u202fPM-1536x294.png 1536w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.49\u202fPM-2048x392.png 2048w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.49\u202fPM-65x12.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.49\u202fPM-225x43.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-05-at-8.20.49\u202fPM-350x67.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2370px) 100vw, 2370px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a id=\"L16Tasks\"><\/a>\ud574 \ubd10\uc694! Let&#8217;s Cook!<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Interpretive Task 1. \ub4e3\uae30<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-131\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-131\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"131\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSK4_16_Listening\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Hannah and Her Friend\u2019s Voice Messages<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Your friend, Hanna, is living in Busan, Korea. She is coming this weekend to visit you and left a message on your phone. Listen to the message and answer the questions in Korean.<\/p>\n<p>What did you hear from the messages? Take notes on what you hear \u2013 in full sentences.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"shaded\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Hannah\u2019s voice message:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\ud55c\ub098\uac00 \uae30\ucc28\ub97c \ud0d4\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Eugene\u2019s voice message:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc804\ud654\uac00 \uc9c4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ud55c\ub098\uc758 \uc804\ud654\ub97c \ubabb \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Helpful Vocabulary:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 45px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 17.273403%; height: 30px;\">\uacbd\ubcf5\uad81\uc5ed<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 32.726597%; height: 30px;\">Gyeongbokgung Palace Station<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.690936%; height: 30px;\">\uc11c\uc6b8\uc5ed<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 29.309064%; height: 30px;\">Seoul Station<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 17.273403%; height: 15px;\">\uc548\uad6d\uc5ed<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 32.726597%; height: 15px;\">Anguk Station<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.690936%; height: 15px;\">\uc885\ub85c 3\uac00\uc5ed<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 29.309064%; height: 15px;\">Jongno 3-ga Station<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Interpretive Task 2. \uc77d\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uae30<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Transportation App Review<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>You are searching for Korean apps to prepare for your upcoming travel in Korea. There are a lot of apps online, but you don\u2019t know which to choose.<\/p>\n<p>1. Read and talk about one of the app descriptions you found (below).<\/p>\n<p>2. Then, with your friends, exchange some helpful information you gathered or experienced about \uae38\ucc3e\uae30 \uc548\ub0b4 \uc571.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/hand-holding-a-phone-showing-a-transportation-app.jpg\" alt=\"hand holding a phone showing a transportation app\" width=\"146\" height=\"193\" class=\"wp-image-400 aligncenter\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/hand-holding-a-phone-showing-a-transportation-app.jpg 592w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/hand-holding-a-phone-showing-a-transportation-app-227x300.jpg 227w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/hand-holding-a-phone-showing-a-transportation-app-65x86.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/hand-holding-a-phone-showing-a-transportation-app-225x298.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/hand-holding-a-phone-showing-a-transportation-app-350x464.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 146px) 100vw, 146px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\ubb34\ub8cc \uae38\ucc3e\uae30 \uc548\ub0b4 \uc571 \uc18c\uac1c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\ub9ac\ubdf0: 4.8\/ 5 \uc810<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2018\uc6d4\ub4dc \ud0c0\uc6b4\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uad00\uad11 \uc548\ub0b4 \uc571\uc744 \ucd94\ucc9c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uc800\ucc98\ub7fc \uae38\uc744 \ucc3e \ubabb \ucc3e\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc571\uc778 \uac83 \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574 \ubcf4\ub2c8\uae4c \ucc38 \uc27d\uace0 \ud3b8\ub9ac\ud574\uc11c \uc88b\ub354\ub77c\uace0\uc694.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">AI \uc5ec\ud589 \ub3c4\uc6b0\ubbf8\uac00 \uce5c\uc808\ud558\uac8c \uc548\ub0b4\ub3c4 \ud574 \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uac00\uace0 \uc2f6\uc740 \uacf3\uc758 \uc5ec\ud589 \uc815\ubcf4\uc640 \uae38\uc548\ub0b4\ub97c \ud55c \ubc88\uc5d0 \uc27d\uac8c \ucc3e\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uace0, \ub9db\uc9d1, \uad00\uad11\uc9c0, \uc990\uae38 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud65c\ub3d9, \ub0a0\uc528 \uc815\ubcf4\ub3c4 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \ubb34\ub8cc \uc571\uc774\uace0\uc694.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uc8fc\ubcc0\uc5d0 \ucd94\ucc9c\ub3c4 \ud574 \uc8fc\uc2dc\uace0, \ub9ce\uc774 \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \ubcf4\uc2dc\uae30 \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Helpful Vocabulary:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 11.614661%;\">\ub3c4\uc6b0\ubbf8<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 21.124319%;\">helper<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.397722%;\">\uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.827143%;\">to provide<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.048539%;\">\uc810<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.987618%;\">score point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Presentational Task 3. \ud1a0\ub860\ud558\uace0 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud558\uae30<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Weekend Adventure in Seoul:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Exploring the City&#8217;s Gems Using Public Transportation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>You are in Seoul, Korea and planning to have a weekend excursion with your friend. Plan weekend activities and provide detailed directions using public transportation to get there.<\/p>\n<p>1. Have a brainstorming meeting with your partner and decide 1\u20132 places to visit.<\/p>\n<p>2. Give directions verbally to your classmate as a rehearsal to see if it is easy to follow your directions to those places.<\/p>\n<p>3. Write directions and present them in a brochure format to the class.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><a id=\"L16Culture\"><\/a>\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\uc640 \ud55c\uad6d \ubb38\ud654 Korean Flavors<\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Language Point: &#8220;Passives&#8221;<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Some verbs like \ub2f9\ud558\ub2e4, \uba39\ub2e4 and \ub9de\ub2e4 have an inherently passive meaning, where the subject undergoes (mostly) adverse actions.<\/p>\n<p>Inherently passive:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 90px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ubbfc\ud638\uac00 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0<strong>\uaed8<\/strong> \ud638\ub41c \uafb8\uc911<strong>\uc744<\/strong> \ub4e4\uc5c8\uc5b4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">Minho got a good talking\u2013to from his dad.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 30px;\">\ub098\ub294 \uc5b4\ub514\uc120\uac00 \ub0a0\uc544\uc628 \ub3cc<strong>\uc5d0<\/strong> \ub2e4\ub9ac<strong>\ub97c<\/strong> \ub9de\uc558\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 30px;\">I got hit in the leg by a rock thrown in from somewhere.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uacfc\uc7a5\uc740 \ubd80\ud558 \uc9c1\uc6d0<strong>\ud55c\ud14c(\uc11c)<\/strong> \uc0ac\uae30<strong>\ub97c<\/strong> \ub2f9\ud588\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">The chief got swindled by a lower\u2013ranked co\u2013worker.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc8fc\ucc28 \uc704\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uacbd\ucc30<strong>\ud55c\ud14c(\uc11c)<\/strong> \ub531\uc9c0<strong>\ub97c<\/strong> \uba39\uc5c8\uc5b4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">I got a ticket from a cop for a parking violation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc120\ud654\uac00 \ubaa8\ub450<strong>\uc5d0\uac8c(\uc11c)<\/strong> \uc0ac\ub791<strong>\uc744<\/strong> \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">Sunhwa was loved by everyone. (She received love from everyone.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Now review your \ud558\ub2e4 \u21d2 \ub418\ub2e4 passives:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 60px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uad50\uc218\ub2d8\uc740 \ubbf8\ud305\ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uac15\uc758\ub97c <strong>\ucde8\uc18c\ud558\uc168\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">The professor cancelled class due to a meeting.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\u21d2 \uac15\uc758\uac00 \uc624\ub298\ub3c4 <strong>\ucde8\uc18c\ub410\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">The class was\/got cancelled again today.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc800\ub141 <strong>\uc900\ube44\ub97c \ub2e4 \ud588\uc5b4<\/strong>?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">Did you prepare dinner?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\u21d2 \uc800\ub141 <strong>\uc900\ube44\uac00 \ub2e4 \ub410\uc5b4<\/strong>?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">Is dinner prepared\/ready?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>And the \u2013\uac8c \ub418\ub2e4 passive:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 45px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ub9dd\uc124\uc774\ub2e4\uac00\ub294 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c <strong>\uc783\uac8c \ub420\uc9c0\ub3c4<\/strong> \ubab0\ub77c.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">If I hesitate, I might lose\/end up losing the opportunity.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\uc774\ubc88 \ud559\uae30\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uc218\uc5c5 <strong>\ubabb \ub4e3\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc5b4<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">(As it turned out,) I can\u2019t take that class this term.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">\ub098, \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0 <strong>\uac00\uac8c \ub410\ub2e4<\/strong>!<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 15px;\">I get to go to Korea!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\ud55c\uad6d \ubb38\ud654 \uae38\uc7a1\uc774<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Getting Around in Seoul: The Subway<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/subway-4823909_1280.jpg\" alt=\"subway-4823909_1280.jpg\" width=\"1280\" height=\"835\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/subway-4823909_1280.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/subway-4823909_1280-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/subway-4823909_1280-1024x668.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/subway-4823909_1280-768x501.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/subway-4823909_1280-65x42.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/subway-4823909_1280-225x147.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/files\/2025\/01\/subway-4823909_1280-350x228.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Image by <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/users\/asd14235714-8603285\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=4823909\">Jang Hwan Cho<\/a> from <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=4823909\">Pixabay<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Once in Seoul, the subway and bus systems make it super-easy to get around. Subway stations can be a bit daunting at first \u2013 big, complex and busy, but the signage is well written and once you get used to your route, it\u2019ll be pretty straightforward. The trains run at frequent intervals, even on weekends and holidays, and you barely lose any time when transferring from one line to another. The subway operates from 5:30am to approximately midnight.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The Seoul subway system has nine main lines and a number of inter-connected commuter train lines. Some of the cars on the older lines are starting to show their age, but most trains are clean and pleasant, and many of the older stations seem to have been renovated recently.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The lines are color-coded and each station is labeled with a three-digit code. The first digit refers to the line and the last two digits indicate the station number.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Click this link to view the complete Seoul subway map:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sisul.or.kr\/open_content\/skydome\/introduce\/pop_subway.jsp\">https:\/\/www.sisul.or.kr\/open_content\/skydome\/introduce\/pop_subway.jsp<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694! I Got This!<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><strong>Check to see if you can do the following:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Understand the main ideas of simple directions<\/li>\n<li>Give directions to get to a place<\/li>\n<li>Share information about available transportation apps in Korea<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 90px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 15px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Listening Script<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-131\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-131\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"131\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSK4_16_Listening\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 15px;\" colspan=\"2\">[\ud55c\ub098\uc758 \uc74c\uc131 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 7.800892%; height: 15px; vertical-align: top;\">\ud55c\ub098:<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 92.199108%; height: 15px;\">\uc720\uc9c4\uc774\ub2c8? \ub098 \ud55c\ub098\uc57c. \ubc29\uae08 \uae30\ucc28 \ud0d4\uc5b4. \uc11c\uc6b8\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \uc804\ud654\ud560\uac8c. \uadfc\ub370, \uc6b0\ub9ac \uacbd\ubcf5\uad81\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9cc\ub098\uae30\ub85c \ud55c \uac70 \ub9de\uc9c0? \uc9c0\uae08 \uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubcf4\ub2c8\uae4c, \uacbd\ubcf5\uad81 \uac00\ub294 \uac8c \uc0dd\uac01\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\ub124. \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0 \ub4e4\uc73c\uba74 \uc804\ud654\ud574 \uc918. \ub04a\uc744\uac8c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 15px;\" colspan=\"2\">[\ub530\ub77c\ub530\ub77c\ub530\ub77c~]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 7.800892%; height: 15px;\">\ud55c\ub098:<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 92.199108%; height: 15px;\">\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694? \ud55c\ub098\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uae08\uc740 \uc804\ud654\ub97c \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\ub2c8 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub97c \ub0a8\uaca8 \uc8fc\uc138\uc694. \uc090\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 7.800892%; height: 15px; vertical-align: top;\">\uc720\uc9c4:<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 92.199108%; height: 15px;\">\uc5b4, \ub098 \uc720\uc9c4\uc778\ub370, \ubbf8\uc548\ud574. \ub124 \uc804\ud654 \ubabb \ubc1b\uc558\ub124. \ud578\ub4dc\ud3f0\uc744 \uc9c4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ud574 \ub194\uc11c \uc18c\ub9ac\uac00 \uc548 \ub4e4\ub838\uc5b4.<br \/>\n\uc624\ub298 \uc8fc\ub9d0\uc774\ub77c\uc11c \uae38\uc774 \ub9c9\ud788\ub2c8\uae4c, \uc11c\uc6b8\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0b4\ub824\uc11c \uc9c0\ud558\ucca0\uc744 \ud0c0\ub294 \uac8c \ube68\ub77c.<br \/>\n\uba3c\uc800, 4\ud638\uc120\uc744 \ud0c0. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc885\ub85c3\uac00\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c 3\ud638\uc120\uc73c\ub85c \uac08\uc544\ud0c0. \uc548\uad6d\uc5ed \uc9c0\ub098\uace0 \uadf8 \ub2e4\uc74c \uc5ed\uc774<br \/>\n\uacbd\ubcf5\uad81\uc5ed\uc774\uc57c. \uac70\uae30\uc11c \ub0b4\ub824\uc11c \uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uae08 \uac78\uc5b4\uac00\uba74 \ubc14\ub85c5\ubc88 \ucd9c\uad6c\uac00 \ub098\uc62c \uac70\uc57c. 5\ubc88 \ucd9c\uad6c \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uc744\uac8c. \uc11c\uc6b8\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \uaf2d \uc804\ud654\ud574 \uc918. \uc54c\uc558\uc9c0?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a id=\"L16Async\"><\/a><a id=\"\"><\/a>\uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ud574\ubd10\uc694! Now You Try!<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4wb\/chapter\/lesson16\/\">16\uacfc Workbook Link<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4tasks\/chapter\/lesson16\/\">16\uacfc Integrated Performance Task Link<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"YSK4_L16","pb_subtitle":"\ud478\ub978 \uc740\ud589\uc774 \ubcf4\uc77c \uac70\uc608\uc694.","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[55],"part":159,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/363"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":799,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/363\/revisions\/799"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/159"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/363\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=363"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=363"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}