{"id":1121,"date":"2024-12-08T20:16:31","date_gmt":"2024-12-08T20:16:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1121"},"modified":"2026-05-22T16:57:10","modified_gmt":"2026-05-22T16:57:10","slug":"lesson-8","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/chapter\/lesson-8\/","title":{"raw":"Lesson 8: \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc0dd\uc77c\ub0a0 \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d \uba39\uc796\uc544\uc694.","rendered":"Lesson 8: \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc0dd\uc77c\ub0a0 \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d \uba39\uc796\uc544\uc694."},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\ud559\uc2b5 \ubaa9\ud45c Goals<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Use causative verbs to talk about a recipe.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; word-spacing: normal;\">Give simple directions about how to prepare Korean dishes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uae30 Setting Up<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Lesson Focus<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#L8Vocab\">INGREDIENTS - \ub2e8\uc5b4 Vocabulary<\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Dishes and Ingredients<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cooking verbs<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#L8Grammar\">RECIPE - \ubb38\ubc95\uacfc \ud45c\ud604 Grammar<\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Causative verbs<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A\/V\u2013\uc796\uc544(\uc694)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>NOUN \uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#L8Tasks\">LET'S COOK! - \ud574 \ubd10\uc694! Classroom Tasks<\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Interpretive Task 1: A conversation about Dami's birthday<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Interpretive &amp; Interpersonal Task 2: Butter and soy sauce rice recipe<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Interpersonal &amp; Presentational Task 3: My comfort food<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#L8Culture\">KOREAN FLAVORS - \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\uc640 \ud55c\uad6d \ubb38\ud654 Korean Language &amp; Culture<\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Counters in Korean<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Korean Cuisine<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#L8Async\">NOW YOU TRY! \u2013 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ud574\ubd10\uc694! Async. Practices and Tasks<\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>WB Link<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Communicative Task Link<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc9dd\ud558\uace0 \uc598\uae30\ud574 \ubd10\uc694! Share your thoughts!<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nDo you have quintessential birthday food in your culture? Can you give directions on how to make the dish?\r\n\r\nWhat seems to be happening in the following dialogue?\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"77\"]\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.27\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1518\" height=\"344\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1196\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.34\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1518\" height=\"344\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1195\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.42\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1516\" height=\"392\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1194\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a id=\"L8Vocab\"><\/a>\ub2e8\uc5b4 Ingredients<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox\" style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/quizlet.com\/965751978\/ysk-3_lesson-8-flash-cards\/\"><strong>Access the Quizlet<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc694\ub9ac\uc640 \uc7ac\ub8cc, \uc591\ub150 Dishes, Ingredients, and Seasonings<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 194px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 68px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 68px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup1.jpg\" alt=\"seaweed soup\" width=\"704\" height=\"395\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1173\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 68px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/japchae.jpg\" alt=\"japchae\" width=\"583\" height=\"268\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1164\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 68px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/assorted-Korean-pancakes.jpg\" alt=\"assorted Korean pancakes\" width=\"583\" height=\"418\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1130\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 68px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/raw-beef.jpg\" alt=\"raw beef\" width=\"454\" height=\"292\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1169\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 68px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/shrimp.jpg\" alt=\"shrimp\" width=\"68\" height=\"59\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1178\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 68px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/soy-sauce.jpg\" alt=\"soy sauce\" width=\"53\" height=\"99\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1179\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\uc7a1\ucc44<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\uc804<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\uc18c\uace0\uae30<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\uc0c8\uc6b0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\uac04\uc7a5<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 36px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">seaweed soup<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">japchae<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">Korean pancake<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">beef<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">shrimp<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">soy sauce<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/red-chili-flakes.jpg\" alt=\"red chili flakes\" width=\"103\" height=\"76\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1170\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/garlic.jpg\" alt=\"garlic\" width=\"105\" height=\"73\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1145\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/sugar.jpg\" alt=\"sugar\" width=\"63\" height=\"84\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1181\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/salt-shaker.jpg\" alt=\"salt\" width=\"48\" height=\"82\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1171\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/sesame-oil.jpg\" alt=\"sesame oil\" width=\"33\" height=\"107\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1176\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onion.jpg\" alt=\"green onion\" width=\"90\" height=\"90\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1155\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\uace0\ucd94\uac00\ub8e8<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\ub9c8\ub298<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\uc124\ud0d5<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\uc18c\uae08<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\ucc38\uae30\ub984<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\ud30c<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 36px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">red pepper flakes<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">garlic<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">sugar<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">salt<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">sesame oil<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">green onion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc694\ub9ac\ud558\uae30 Cooking Verbs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 109px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/water-on-stove.jpg\" alt=\"water on stove\" width=\"253\" height=\"197\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1183\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-sprinkling-salt-into-a-pot.jpg\" alt=\"hand sprinkling salt into a pot\" width=\"75\" height=\"84\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1159\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hands-holding-chopsticks-and-flipping-a-Korean-pancake-in-a-pan.jpg\" alt=\"hands holding chopsticks and flipping a Korean pancake in a pan\" width=\"731\" height=\"459\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1163\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-stir-frying-vegetables-in-a-pan.jpg\" alt=\"hand stir-frying vegetables in a pan\" width=\"730\" height=\"547\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1160\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/cucumber-getting-chopped.jpg\" alt=\"cucumber getting chopped\" width=\"542\" height=\"269\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1142\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\">\ub053\ub2e4\/\ub053\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\">\ub123\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\">\ubd80\uce58\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\">\ubcf6\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\">\uc370\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 73px;\">to boil\/to make something boil<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 73px;\">to put in<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 73px;\">to fry, cook (Korean pancake)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 73px;\">to stir fry<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 73px;\">to slice<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc0c8 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uc640 \ud45c\ud604<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ub0c4\ube44<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">saucepan<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc801\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to write<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ubd88<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">fire, light<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ud0c0\ub2e4\/\ud0dc\uc6b0\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to burn\/to make (sth) burn<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc21f\uac00\ub77d<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">spoon<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc904\ub2e4\/\uc904\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to reduce\/to make (sth) reduce<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ub118\uce58\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to overflow<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ub0ae\ub2e4\/\ub0af\ucd94\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to be low\/to lower<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ub044\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to turn off<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc138\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to be strong<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ubd87\ub2e4\/\ubd88\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to swell\/to make (sth) swell<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc2f1\uac81\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to be bland [\u3142 irregular]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ubd93\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to pour (in) [\u3145 irregular]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uadf8\ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">next\/after that<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc775\ub2e4\/\uc775\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to be ripe\/to make (sth) cooked (to cook something)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc6b0\uc120, \uba3c\uc800<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">first of all, before others<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\ub2e8\uc5b4 \uba54\ubaa8\uc9c0 Vocabulary Notes<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<strong>1. \ubd88<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>\ubd88<\/strong> means \u201cfire\u201d or \u201clight\u201d and is used in the following idioms:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>\ubd88<\/strong>\uc744 \ub0b4\ub2e4; <strong>\ubd88<\/strong>\uc774 \ub098\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">to set something on fire; to catch fire<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>\ubd88<\/strong>\uc744 \ucf1c\ub2e4; <strong>\ubd88<\/strong>\uc744 \ub044\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">to turn on the light; to turn off the light<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>\ubd88<\/strong>\uc744 \uc904\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">to turn down the stove heat<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<strong>2. \ubd87\ub2e4 to swell, to get puffy, to soften up<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>\ubd87\ub2e4<\/strong> is frequently used for noodles or other food items such as dried seaweed. Remember that this is an irregular verb, so \u3137 becomes \u3139 before vowel-beginning suffixes.\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uad6d\uc218\uac00 \ub9ce\uc774 <strong>\ubd88\uc5c8\ub124<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">The noodles are very bloated.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<strong>3. Transitive and intransitive verbs<\/strong>\r\n\r\nWhen your own action does not transfer onto, thus affect others, that action is expressed in <strong>in<\/strong>transitive verbs (e.g., I sleep.). On the other hand, when your action affects something or someone else, the verb expressing the action is called transitive (e.g., She kicked the ball.)\u00a0 Let\u2019s look at some Korean examples.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\ub05d\ub0b4\ub2e4 (transitive) vs. \ub05d\ub098\ub2e4 (intransitive)<\/span>\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \uc77c(\uc744) \ub2e4 <strong>\ub05d\ub0c8\uc5b4\uc694<\/strong>?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Have you finished all your work?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: (\uc77c\uc774) \uac70\uc758 <strong>\ub05d\ub0ac\uc5b4\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">It\u2019s almost done.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nMore specifically, when your action brings about changes in someone or something else\u2019s behavior or state, the verb expressing the action can be called <strong>causative<\/strong> (e.g. I made him go. I tightened the rope.) In Korean, many causative (and transitive) verbs are closely tied to their non-transitive counterparts. In this lesson, we introduce causative verb forms. Take careful note which particle is used with causative and non-causative verbs in the following example.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\ubd87\ub2e4 (intransitive, \u3137-irregular) vs. \ubd88\ub9ac\ub2e4 (transitive)<\/span>\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \ubbf8\uc5ed\uc774 \ub2e4 <strong>\ubd88\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694<\/strong>?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Is the seaweed soft yet?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694, (\ubbf8\uc5ed\uc744) \uc880 \ub354 <strong>\ubd88\ub824\uc57c \ub3fc\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">No, we need to soften it (let it soften up) a little more.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\ub2e8\uc5b4 \uc5f0\uc2b5<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1.<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"83\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2.<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<strong>\uc9dd\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4dc\uc138\uc694! <\/strong>Pick one word from each row to make a set of related words. You should have one noun and two verbs.\r\n\r\n<strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> \ubbf8\uc5ed \u2013 \uc370\ub2e4, \ubd88\ub9ac\ub2e4\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 60px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ubbf8\uc5ed<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uc18c\uace0\uae30<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uae40\uce58<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uc7a1\ucc44<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uc804<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ucc38\uae30\ub984<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uc18c\uae08<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uac04\uc7a5<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uace0\ucda7\uac00\ub8e8<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uc124\ud0d5<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ubd88<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ubd88\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ubcf6\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ub044\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ub9d0\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uc904\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uc370\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ub123\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ubd80\uce58\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ub053\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uc775\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ub0ae\ucd94\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3.<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<table class=\"lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\">\uac04\uc7a5<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\">\uadf8\ub2e4\uc74c<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\">\uae30\ub984<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\">\uba3c\uc800<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\">\ubd88<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\">\uc18c\uae08<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\ud55c\uad6d \uc694\ub9ac \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30: \ud30c\uc804<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onion-pancake-with-shrimp-and-green-onion.jpg\" alt=\"green onion pancake with shrimp and green onion\" width=\"186\" height=\"104\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1154\" \/>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"84\"]\r\n\r\n\ubc00\uac00\ub8e8: flour\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 4.<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nHow do you make the following dishes? Write ingredients, seasonings, and cooking verbs as shown in the example.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/spicy-rice-cakes-tteokboki.jpg\" alt=\"spicy rice cakes tteokboki\" width=\"262\" height=\"144\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1192\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup1.jpg\" alt=\"seaweed soup\" width=\"704\" height=\"395\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1173\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/assorted-Korean-pancakes.jpg\" alt=\"assorted Korean pancakes\" width=\"583\" height=\"418\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1130\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/japchae.jpg\" alt=\"japchae\" width=\"583\" height=\"268\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1164\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/kimchi-stew.jpg\" alt=\"kimchi stew\" width=\"489\" height=\"489\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1191\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub5a1\ubcf6\uc774<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc804<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc7a1\ucc44<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uae40\uce58 \ucc0c\uac1c<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Your own!<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub5a1, \uace0\ucd94\uc7a5, \uc124\ud0d5, \uac04\uc7a5<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc790\ub974\ub2e4, \ubcf6\ub2e4, \ub053\uc774\ub2e4, \uc775\ud788\ub2e4, \ub123\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a id=\"L8Grammar\"><\/a>\ubb38\ubc95\uacfc \ud45c\ud604 Recipe<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">1. \uc0ac\ub3d9\uc0ac Causative<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.43.52\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1454\" height=\"630\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1214\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; word-spacing: normal;\"><\/span>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"78\"]\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 1rem; word-spacing: normal;\">\b<\/span><strong>\uc0ac\ub3d9\uc0ac Causative Verbs in Korean<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSome verbs in Korean can be converted to causative (or permissive) verbs, which means \u2018to have\/make \u00a0(or let) someone do something.\u201d There are several ways to make the causative. One way is to use \u2013\uac8c \ud558\ub2e4\/\ub9cc\ub4e4\ub2e4:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098\ub294 \ub3d9\uc0dd\ud55c\ud14c \ub77c\uba74\uc744\u00a0<strong>\ub053\uc774<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\uac8c \ud588\uc5b4\uc694.<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">I\u00a0<strong>made\/had\/let my younger sibling cook\u00a0<\/strong>instant noodles.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>\uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\uac8c \ud574\uc11c<\/span><\/strong> \ubbf8\uc548\ud574\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u00a0Sorry I\u00a0<strong>made you wait<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nAnother, more direct way add a causative marker <strong>\uc774<\/strong>, <strong>\ud788<\/strong>, <strong>\ub9ac<\/strong>, <strong>\uae30<\/strong>, (\uc774)<strong>\uc6b0<\/strong>, <strong>\uad6c<\/strong>, or <strong>\ucd94<\/strong> (Korean speakers memorize the markers in this order).\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ubd88\uc744\u00a0<strong>\ub0ae<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\ucd94<\/span>\uc138\uc694<\/strong>. \ucc0c\uac1c\uac00 \ub118\uccd0\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Please <strong>lower the heat<\/strong>. The stew is overflowing.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ubcf6\uc740 \uace0\uae30\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00 \ubb3c\uc744 \ub123\uace0 <strong>\ub053<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\uc774<\/span>\uc138\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Add water to the stir-fried meat and <strong>boil it<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<strong>Useful causative verbs<\/strong>\r\n\r\nHere are some of the most frequently used causative verbs. Note that some causatives are made from adjectives (e.g., \ub0ae\ub2e4 low \u21d2 \ub0ae\ucd94\ub2e4 to lower).\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"shaded\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\" colspan=\"6\"><strong>\uc774<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub053\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to boil (something boils)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub053\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to boil something<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uba3c\uc800 \ubb3c\uc744 <strong>\ub053\uc774\uc138\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">First of all, boil the water.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc904\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to reduce (someting reduces)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc904\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make something reduce\/shrink<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubd88\uc744 <strong>\uc904\uc774\uc138\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Reduce the heat.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub192\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to be high<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub192\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make something higher (to raise something)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubd88\uc744 <strong>\ub192\uc774\uc138\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Increase the heat.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"shaded\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\" colspan=\"6\"><strong>\ud788<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc775\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to be ripe<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc775\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make something ripe (\uae40\uce58); cook well\/till done (\uace0\uae30)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uace0\uae30\ub97c <strong>\uc775\ud788\uc138\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Cook the meat.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc785\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to wear<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc785\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to put clothing on someone\/something<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc544\uae30 \uc637\uc744\u00a0<strong>\uc785\ud600\uc918.<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Dress the baby.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub354\ub7fd\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to be dirty<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub354\ub7fd\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make something dirty (to dirty something)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubd80\uc5cc\uc744 \ub108\ubb34\u00a0<strong>\ub354\ub7fd\ud788\uc9c0\ub9c8.<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Don't make a mess in the kitchen.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"shaded\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\" colspan=\"6\"><strong>\ub9ac + Verbs ending in -\u3139 related words<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub9c8\ub974\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to be dry; skinny (verb)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub9d0\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to dry something (to make something dry)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub9d0\ub9b0 \ubbf8\uc5ed\uc744 <strong>\uc0ac\uc138\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Buy dried seaweed.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc54c\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to know<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc54c\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to inform (to make someone know)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc8fc\uc18c\ub97c <strong>\uc54c\ub824 \uc8fc\uc138\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Please let me know your address.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubd87\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to swell<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubd88\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make something swell\/big; to make big<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubbf8\uc5ed\uc744 \ubb3c\uc5d0 <strong>\ubd88\ub9ac\uc138\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Soak the seaweed in the water.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"shaded\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\" colspan=\"6\"><strong>\uae30<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub0a8\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to be left over<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub0a8\uae30\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make something leftover; to leave something (behind)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc74c\uc2dd\uc744\u00a0<strong>\ub0a8\uae30\uc9c0 \ub9c8\uc138\uc694.<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Don't leave any food; eat it up.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc2e0\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to put on (shoes)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc2e0\uae30\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make someone put on (shoes)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uac15\uc544\uc9c0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2e0\ubc1c\uc744\u00a0<strong>\uc2e0\uacbc\uc5b4\uc694.<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">I have my dog wear shoes.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc6c3\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to laugh, smile<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc6c3\uae30\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make someone laugh<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uadf8 \uce5c\uad6c\ub294 \uc815\ub9d0\u00a0<strong>\uc6c3\uaca8.<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">That friend is really funny.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"shaded\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\" colspan=\"6\"><strong>\uc6b0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ud0c0\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to get on (a ride); (something) to burn (up)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ud0dc\uc6b0\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to giev someone a ride; to burn something<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uac08\ube44\ucc1c\uc744\u00a0<strong>\ud0dc\uc6e0\uc5b4\uc694.<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">I burnt the galbi jjim.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ud06c\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to grow; to be big<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ud0a4\uc6b0\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make something\/someone grow; to raise<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc9d1\uc5d0\uc11c \ud30c\ub97c\u00a0<strong>\ud0a4\uc6cc\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">I grow green onions at home.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"shaded\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\" colspan=\"6\"><strong>\ucd94 + Verb ending in \u3148<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub0ae\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to be low<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub0ae\ucd94\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make something low (to lower something)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc18c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc880\u00a0<strong>\ub0ae\ucd94\uc138\uc694.<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Turn the volume down a bit.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<strong>Conjugation<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAs you have observed, the exact shape of the short form causative (derived verb) is not always predictable, and there are many exceptions to the \uc774, \ud788, \ub9ac, \uae30, (\uc774)\uc6b0 rules. Thus, you will need to memorize individual oddities.\u00a0 Learn the short-form causative verbs by first sounding each word out until you are used to the sound pattern (\ub0a8\ub2e4 \u21d2 \ub0a8\uae30\ub2e4 vs. \uc77d\ub2e4 \u21d2 \uc77d\ud788\ub2e4 vs. \ubcf4\ub2e4 \u21d2 \ubcf4\uc774\ub2e4, etc.). Then, memorize at least two or three verbs in each final consonant along with their meanings, which can give you a representation of the category. Other frequently used causative verbs are as follows. Can you guess their meanings?\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>\u2013<\/strong>\uc774 \uba39\uc774\ub2e4(\uba39\ub2e4), \ub0b4\ub2e4(\ub098\ub2e4), \ubd99\uc774\ub2e4(\ubd99\ub2e4)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\u2013<\/strong>\ud788 \uc549\ud788\ub2e4(\uc549\ub2e4), \ub215\ud788\ub2e4(\ub215\ub2e4), \ubc1d\ud788\ub2e4(\ubc1d\ub2e4); \uad34\ub86d\ud788\ub2e4(\uad34\ub86d\ub2e4), \uc881\ud788\ub2e4(\uc881\ub2e4), \ub113\ud788\ub2e4(\ub113\ub2e4)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\u2013<\/strong>\ub9ac \ub9d0\ub9ac\ub2e4 (\ub9c8\ub974\ub2e4), \uc5bc\ub9ac\ub2e4 (\uc5bc\ub2e4)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\u2013<\/strong>\uae30 \uc228\uae30\ub2e4(\uc228\ub2e4), \uc548\uae30\ub2e4 (\uc548\ub2e4), \ub9e1\uae30\ub2e4(\ub9e1\ub2e4), \ubc97\uae30\ub2e4 (\ubc97\ub2e4)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\u2013<\/strong>(\uc774)\uc6b0 \ub07c\uc6b0\ub2e4 (\ub07c\ub2e4), \ud0a4\uc6b0\ub2e4 (\ud06c\ub2e4), \uc7ac\uc6b0\ub2e4 (\uc790\ub2e4)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\u2013<\/strong>\uad6c \ub2ec\uad6c\ub2e4 (\ub2ec\ub2e4, to be heated)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\u2013<\/strong>\ucd94 \ub9de\ucd94\ub2e4 (\ub9de\ub2e4), \ub2a6\ucd94\ub2e4(\ub2a6\ub2e4)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">\r\n\r\nLet\u2019s practice! Complete the following causative words conjugation practice and write a sentence using each verb in causative form.\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ub053\ub2e4 - \ub053__\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc785\ub2e4 - \uc785__\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc54c\ub2e4 - \uc54c__\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc775\ub2e4 - \uc775__\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ud0c0\ub2e4 - \ud0dc__\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc904\ub2e4 - \uc904__\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ub0ae\ub2e4 - \ub0ae__\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ub0a8\ub2e4 - \ub0a8__\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ubd87\ub2e4 - \ubd88__\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ud06c\ub2e4 - \ud0a4__\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc6c3\ub2e4 - \uc6c3__\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&lt;\ub2f5&gt; \ub053\uc774\ub2e4, \uc785\ud788\ub2e4, \uc54c\ub9ac\ub2e4, \uc775\ud788\ub2e4, \ud0dc\uc6b0\ub2e4, \uc904\uc774\ub2e4, \ub0ae\ucd94\ub2e4, \ub0a8\uae30\ub2e4, \ubd88\ub9ac\ub2e4, \ud0a4\uc6b0\ub2e4, \uc6c3\uae30\ub2e4\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. Causative Verbs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nComplete the sentences using appropriate causative words as in \ub9db\ubcf4\uae30.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>(\ub9de\ubcf4\uae30)\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-turning-on-burner-with-pot-of-water-on-it.jpg\" alt=\"hand turning on burner with pot of water on it\" width=\"102\" height=\"125\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1161\" \/>\r\n<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boiling-water-on-stove.jpg\" alt=\"boiling water on stove\" width=\"108\" height=\"113\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1133\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">1. \ubb3c\uc744 (\ub053\uc5b4\uc694 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\ub053\uc5ec\uc694<\/span>).<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">2. \ubb3c\uc774 (\ub053\uc5b4\uc694 \ub053\uc5ec\uc694).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/short-ribs-cooking-in-a-pan.jpg\" alt=\"short ribs cooking in a pan\" width=\"152\" height=\"106\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1177\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/marinated-short-rib.jpg\" alt=\"marinated short rib\" width=\"160\" height=\"69\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1165\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">3. \uac08\ube44\uac00 (\uc775\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694 \uc775\ud614\uc5b4\uc694).<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">4. \uac08\ube44\ub97c (\uc775\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694 \uc775\ud614\uc5b4\uc694).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-tying-his-shoe.jpg\" alt=\"boy tying his shoe\" width=\"78\" height=\"116\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1138\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/woman-helping-child-put-on-a-sneaker.jpg\" alt=\"woman helping child put on a sneaker\" width=\"105\" height=\"107\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1186\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">5. \uc2e0\ubc1c\uc744 (\uc2e0\uc5b4\uc694 \uc2e0\uaca8\uc694).<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">6. \ub3d9\uc0dd \uc2e0\ubc1c\uc744 (\uc2e0\uc5b4\uc694 \uc2e0\uaca8\uc694).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/woman-buckling-baby-into-car-seat.jpg\" alt=\"woman buckling baby into car seat\" width=\"112\" height=\"110\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1185\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/girl-getting-in-a-taxi.jpg\" alt=\"girl getting in a taxi\" width=\"182\" height=\"83\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1147\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">7. \uc544\uae30\ub97c \ucc28\uc5d0 (\ud0c0\uc694 \ud0dc\uc6cc\uc694).<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">8. \ucc28\uc5d0 (\ud0c0\uc694 \ud0dc\uc6cc\uc694).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onions-growing-in-soil.jpg\" alt=\"green onions growing in soil\" width=\"166\" height=\"109\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1157\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onions-being-watered-in-a-pot.jpg\" alt=\"green onions being watered in a pot\" width=\"98\" height=\"126\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1156\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">9. \ud30c\uac00 (\ucee4\uc694 \ud0a4\uc6cc\uc694).<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">10. \ud30c\ub97c (\ucee4\uc694 \ud0a4\uc6cc\uc694).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2. Causative Verbs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nProvide causative verbs and then complete the requests as in \ub9db\ubcf4\uae30.\r\n\r\n<strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> \uba39\ub2e4\r\n[\uba39\uc774\ub2e4] \uc6b0\ub9ac \uac15\uc544\uc9c0\uac00 \ubc25\uc744 \uc548 \uba39\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694. \uac15\uc544\uc9c0\ud55c\ud14c \ubc25\uc744 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\uba39\uc774\uc138\uc694<\/span>.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"85\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3. Causative Verbs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nComplete the following dialogues using causative verbs as shown in \ub9db\ubcf4\uae30.\r\n\r\n<strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> \uac00: \uc9c0\uae08 \ubb34\uc2a8 \uc694\ub9ac\ub97c \ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30<\/strong><strong>) <\/strong><\/span>\ub098: \ub124.\u00a0 \uc694\ub9ac\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0\uc694. \uc9c0\uae08 \ub77c\uba74\uc744 <strong>\ub053\uc774\uace0<\/strong> <strong>\uc788\uc5b4\uc694<\/strong>. [\ub053\ub2e4]\r\n\r\n1. \uac00: \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub3cc\uc794\uce58\uc5d0 \uc544\uae30\uac00 \ubb34\uc2a8 \uc637\uc744 \uc785\uc5b4\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">1.<\/span> \ub098: _______________________________________. [\uc785\ub2e4]\r\n\r\n2. \uac00: \uc544\uc774\uace0, \uc624\ub298 \uc0b0 \ubc14\uc9c0\uac00 \uc880 \uae38\uc5b4\uc694!\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">2.<\/span> \ub098: _______________________________________. [\uc904\ub2e4]\r\n\r\n3. \uac00: \uc9c0\uae08 \ub098\uac08 \uac74\ub370 \uac19\uc774 \ub0b4 \ucc28 \ud0c0\uace0 \uac08\ub798\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">3.<\/span> \ub098: \ub124, _______________________________________. [\ud0c0\ub2e4]\r\n\r\n4. \uac00: \uc804\uc774 \ud0c0\ub294\ub370 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud558\uc9c0\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">4.<\/span> \ub098: \ubd88\uc774 \ub108\ubb34 \uc138\ub124\uc694. _______________________________________. [\ub0ae\ub2e4]\r\n\r\n5. \uac00: \ube68\ub798 \ub2e4 \ub9d0\ub790\uc5b4\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">5.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694, _______________________________________. [\ub9c8\ub974\ub2e4]\r\n\r\n6. \uac00: \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d \ub053\uc77c \uac70\uc9c0\uc694? \ubb50\ubd80\ud130 \ud560\uae4c\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">6.<\/span> \ub098: \uba3c\uc800 _______________________________________. [\ubd87\ub2e4]\r\n\r\n7. \uac00: \uae40\uce58\ub97c \ub9db\uc788\uac8c \uba39\uc73c\ub824\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud574\uc57c \ub3fc\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">7.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694, _______________________________________. [\uc775\ub2e4]\r\n\r\n8. \uac00: \uac15\uc544\uc9c0\ud55c\ud14c \ubb50 \uc904\uae4c\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">8.<\/span> \ub098: ____________________________________________. [\uba39\ub2e4]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 4. Causative Verbs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nShare your advice using causatives for the following questions.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>____________\uc744\/\ub97c \uc694\ub9ac\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud574\uc57c \ub3fc\uc694?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\uac15\uc544\uc9c0\ub97c \uc798 \ud0a4\uc6b0\ub824\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud574\uc57c \ud560\uae4c\uc694?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\uae40\uce58\ub97c \ube68\ub9ac \uc775\ud788\ub824\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud574\uc57c \ub3fc\uc694?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\uba38\ub9ac\ub97c \ube68\ub9ac \ub9d0\ub9ac\ub824\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud558\uba74 \uc88b\uc744\uae4c\uc694?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">2. A\/V-\uc796\uc544(\uc694) (As) You (Certainly\/Already) Know<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.03\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1440\" height=\"386\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1213\" \/>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"79\"]\r\n\r\n<strong>A\/V-\uc9c0 \uc54a Long-Form Negation<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn Lesson 2 of Book 3, we learned that \u2013\uc9c0 \uc54a is sometimes called the long negative form, as compared to \uc548 + VERB, where \uc9c0 is the same negative suffix you know from \u2013<strong>\uc9c0<\/strong> \ub9c8\uc138\uc694 (Please don\u2019t do\u2026) and \u2013<strong>\uc9c0<\/strong> \ubabb\ud574\uc694 (one cannot\u2026).\r\n\r\n<strong>A\/V-\uc796\uc544(\uc694) (as) you (certainly\/already) know<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u2013<strong>\uc796\uc544<\/strong>, a historically contracted form from \u2013<strong>\uc9c0 <\/strong><strong>\uc54a\uc544<\/strong>, has taken on a new meaning.\u00a0 It is used casually as a tag question to mean, \u201cobviously\u201d or \u201cy\u2019know<em>.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0 \u2013\uc796\uc544seeks the listener\u2019s agreement, but only cursorily; the assumption is that the listener already has knowledge about what is being discussed.\u00a0 The intended effect of the ending is somewhat like the tag question\u2013\uc9c0, but with a stronger assumption that the listener should know:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d\uc740 \uc65c?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">What's up with the seaweed soup?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \uc624\ub298 \ub0b4 \uc0dd\uc77c\uc774<strong>\uc796\uc544\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u00a0Well, it is my birthday today.\r\n(The listener also knows this and is being reminded.)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nIf \u2013\uc796\uc544 is said with a more \u201cwhiny\u201d intonation, it can be taken to be nagging or snappy:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d \uc65c \uc548 \uba39\uc5b4?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Why not eating the seaweed soup?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \ub0b4\uc77c \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc774 \uc788<strong>\uc796\uc544.\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Because I have a test tomorrow (as you know) [why are you asking this].<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\u2013\uc796\uc544 is conjugated in the past or future tense:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \ub9c8\ub298\ud558\uace0 \uac04\uc7a5 \uc548 \ub123\uc5b4?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Why not adding garlic and soy sauce?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \uc544\uae4c \ub123\uc5c8<strong>\uc796\uc544<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u00a0Because I already added it [why are you asking this].<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nSome Korean speakers frequently use this ending in their speech as a personal speech style, sometimes using it at pauses in the form of\uc788\uc796\uc544, which is often used to open a new conversation:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uc800\uae30, \uc788<strong>\uc796\uc544<\/strong>. \uc5b4\uc81c \uc6b0\ub9ac \uac15\uc544\uc9c0\ub791 \uc0b0\ucc45\ud588\ub294\ub370 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uac15\uc544\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788<strong>\uc796\uc544<\/strong>...<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">You know what? I was taking a walk with my dog and my dog was..., y'know...<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<strong>Conjugation<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThis is a simple consonant-type conjugation. Here is a quick review opportunity:\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"shaded\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\"><strong>-\uc796\uc544\uc694<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\"><strong>-\uc558\/\uc5c8\uc796\uc544\uc694<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\"><strong>-\uc796\uc544\uc694<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\"><strong>-\uc558\/\uc5c8\uc796\uc544\uc694<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub053\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub053\uc774\uc796\uc544\uc694<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc370\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uad7d\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uad6c\uc6e0\uc796\uc544\uc694<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubd87\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub044\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubd80\uce58\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n&lt;\ub2f5&gt; \ubcf4\ub0b4 \uc8fc\ub2e4, \uad6c\uc6cc \uc8fc\ub2e4, \uc54c\ub824 \uc8fc\ub2e4, \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc8fc\ub2e4, \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc8fc\ub2e4, \uac00\ub974\uccd0 \uc8fc\ub2e4\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. -\uc796\uc544(\uc694)<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"85\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2. -\uc796\uc544(\uc694)<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nWork with a partner. Look at the pictures below and respond to your absent-minded friend using \u2013\uc796\uc544\uc694.\r\n\r\n<strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong>\uac00: \uc900\uc218\uac00 \uc65c \ubd88\uc744 \uaebc\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong><\/span> \ub098: \uace0\uae30\uac00 <strong>\ud0c0\uc796\uc544\uc694<\/strong>.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/burnt-meat-in-a-pan.jpg\" alt=\"burnt meat in a pan\" width=\"732\" height=\"476\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1140\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hands-holding-chopsticks-and-flipping-a-Korean-pancake-in-a-pan.jpg\" alt=\"hands holding chopsticks and flipping a Korean pancake in a pan\" width=\"731\" height=\"459\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1163\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup2.jpg\" alt=\"seaweed soup without salt\" width=\"788\" height=\"295\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1174\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/two-girls-celebrating-a-birthday.jpg\" alt=\"two girls celebrating a birthday\" width=\"1115\" height=\"937\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1182\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)\u00a0<\/strong>\uace0\uae30\uac00 \ud0c0\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">1. \uc9c0\uae08 \uc804\uc744 \ubd80\uce58\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">2. \uc544\uc9c1 \uc18c\uae08\uc744 \uc548 \ub123\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">3. \ub8f8\uba54\uc774\ud2b8 \uc0dd\uc77c\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/dog-in-the-snow.jpg\" alt=\"dog in the snow\" width=\"772\" height=\"728\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1143\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/bicycle.jpg\" alt=\"bicycle\" width=\"692\" height=\"445\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1131\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-with-stack-of-plates-and-letting-out-a-satisfied-sigh.jpg\" alt=\"boy with a stack of plates and letting out a satisfied sigh\" width=\"71\" height=\"99\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1139\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/chopsticks-without-a-spoon.jpg\" alt=\"chopsticks without a spoon\" width=\"48\" height=\"103\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1141\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">4. \ubc16\uc774 \ucda5\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">5. \uc0c8 \uc790\uc804\uac70\ub97c \uc0c0\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">6. \uc800\ub141 \ubc8c\uc368 \uba39\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">7. \uc21f\uac00\ub77d\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n1. \uac00: \ud560\uba38\ub2c8 \uc0dd\uc2e0\uc778\ub370 \uc804 \uc548 \ubd80\uccd0\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">1.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ____________________________________________.\r\n\r\n2. \uac00: \uad6d\uc774 \uc65c \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc2f1\uac70\uc6cc\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">2.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ____________________________________________ .\r\n\r\n3. \uac00: \ubbfc\uc6b0\uac00 \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d\uc744 \ub053\uc774\ub124\uc694!\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">3.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ____________________________________________.\r\n\r\n4. \uac00: \uc65c \uac15\uc544\uc9c0\ud55c\ud14c \uc637\uc744 \uc785\ud614\uc5b4\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">4.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ____________________________________________ .\r\n\r\n5. \uac00: \ub2e4\uc19c\uc774\uac00 \uc624\ub298 \ud558\ub8e8\uc885\uc77c \uc790\uc804\uac70\ub97c \ud0c0\ub124\uc694.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">5.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ____________________________________________ .\r\n\r\n6. \uac00: \uc81c\uc774\ub4e0\uc774 \uc65c \uc74c\uc2dd\uc744 \ub0a8\uacbc\uc5b4\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">6.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ____________________________________________ .\r\n\r\n7. \uac00: \uc65c \uc0c8\uc6b0\uc804\uc744 \uc548 \uba39\uc5b4\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">7.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ____________________________________________.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3. -\uc796\uc544(\uc694)<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nComplete the following dialogues by providing the appropriate repones using \u2013\uc796\uc544\uc694.\r\n\r\n<strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> \uac00: \ub9e4\uc77c \uc74c\uc2dd\uc744 \uc0ac\uc11c \uba39\uc5b4\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> <\/span>\ub098: \uc81c\uac00 \uc694\ub9ac\ub97c <strong>\uc798\ubabb\ud558\uc796\uc544\uc694.<\/strong> [\uc694\ub9ac \uc798\ubabb\ud558\ub2e4]\r\n\r\n1. \uac00: \uc65c \uc7a1\ucc44\uc5d0 \uc0c8\uc6b0\ub97c \ub123\uc5c8\uc5b4? \ub098\ub294 \uc18c\uace0\uae30\uac00 \uc88b\uc740\ub370\u2026\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">1.<\/span> \ub098: ________________. [\uc5c4\ub9c8\uac00 \uc18c\uace0\uae30\ub97c \uc88b\uc544\ud558\uc2dc\ub2e4]\r\n\r\n2. \uac00: \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d \uc2dc\uc791\ud560\uae4c\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">2.<\/span> \ub098: 10\ubd84\ub9cc \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uc138\uc694. ________________. [\ubbf8\uc5ed\uc774 \uc544\uc9c1 \ub2e4 \uc548 \ubd88\uc5c8\ub2e4]\r\n\r\n3. \uac00: \uace0\uae30\uac00 \uc880 \ub35c \uc775\uc5c8\ub124\uc694.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">3.<\/span> \ub098: ________________. [\ub108\ubb34 \uc775\ud78c \uace0\uae30\ub294 \ub9db\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4]\r\n\r\n4. \uac00: \uc7a1\ucc44\uc5d0 \uc124\ud0d5\uc744 \ub108\ubb34 \ub9ce\uc774 \ub123\uc9c0 \ub9c8\uc138\uc694.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">4.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ________________. \uc870\uae08 \ub354 \ub123\uc744\uac8c\uc694. [\uc7a1\ucc44\ub294 \uc880 \ub2ec\uc544\uc57c \ub418\ub2e4]\r\n\r\n5. \uac00: \uc65c \ubd88\uc744 \uc904\uc5ec\uc694? \uc544\uc9c1 \ub2e4 \uc548 \uc775\uc5c8\ub294\ub370\u2026\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">5.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ________________. \ubd88 \uc548 \uc904\uc774\uba74 \ud0c8 \uac70\uc608\uc694. [\ubd88\uc774 \ub108\ubb34 \uc138\ub2e4]\r\n\r\n6. \uac00: \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc7a1\ucc44\ub3c4 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae4c\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">6.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ________________. \uc7a1\ucc44 \uc548 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ub3fc\uc694. [\ubd88\uace0\uae30\ud558\uace0 \uc804\uc744 \ub9ce\uc774 \ud588\ub2e4]\r\n\r\n7. \uac00: \uc544\uc774\uace0! \uc74c\uc2dd \uc7ac\ub8cc \uac12\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \ub098\uc654\ub124\uc694!\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">7.<\/span> \ub098: \uc7a5\uc744 \uc880 \ub9ce\uc774 \ubd24\uc5b4\uc694. ________________. [\ub0b4\uc77c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc62c \uac70\ub2e4]\r\n\r\n8. Create your own dialogue.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">3. N \uc5d0\ub2e4(\uac00) \"Onto,\" In Contact With Noun<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.13\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1422\" height=\"428\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1217\" \/>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"80\"]\r\n\r\n<strong>Noun \uc5d0\ub2e4(\uac00) onto, in contact with<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe basic sense of the marker \u2013\ub2e4(\uac00) is contact between two items: one being on top of another or directly touching it.\u00a0 It is combined most often with \uc5d0 as \uc5d0\ub2e4(\uac00).\u00a0 \u2013\ub2e4(\uac00)\u00a0 can only be used with action verbs such as \u201cset\u201d (\ucc28\ub9ac\ub2e4), \u201cleave<em>\u201d<\/em> (\ub450\ub2e4), and \u201clean<em>\u201d<\/em> (\uae30\ub300\ub2e4), and, most frequently, \u201cput<em>\u201d<\/em> (\ub193\ub2e4).\u00a0 It <strong>cannot<\/strong> be used with a stative verb such as \uc788\ub2e4.\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uaf43\uc744 <strong>\uaf43\ubcd1\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00<\/strong> \uaf42\uc73c\uc138\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Put flowers in the vase.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d<strong>\uc5d0\ub2e4(\uac00)<\/strong> \ud30c \ub123\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ub3fc?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">May I put green onions into the seaweed soup?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \uc544\ub2c8, \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d<strong>\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00<\/strong> \ud30c\ub97c \ub123\uc73c\uba74 \uc548 \ub3fc.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">No, you may not.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<strong>Review: to\/onto<\/strong>\r\n\r\nKorean has different particles that can be translated as \u201cto\u201d in English. Take a moment to review:\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/girl-on-the-phone.jpg\" alt=\"girl on the phone\" width=\"75\" height=\"86\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1149\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/watering-can-watering-a-tulip.jpg\" alt=\"watering can watering a tulip\" width=\"81\" height=\"103\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1184\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-giving-a-gift-to-a-girl.jpg\" alt=\"boy giving a gift to a girl\" width=\"1631\" height=\"1060\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1137\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-conversing-with-his-grandmother.jpg\" alt=\"boy converesing with his grandmother\" width=\"831\" height=\"511\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1136\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc9d1<strong>\uc5d0(\ub2e4\uac00)<\/strong> \uc804\ud654\ud574 \ubcf4\uc138\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uaf43<strong>\uc5d0<\/strong> \ubb3c\uc744 \uc8fc\uc138\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uce5c\uad6c<strong>\ud55c\ud14c<\/strong> \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \uc92c\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ud560\uba38\ub2c8<strong>\uaed8<\/strong> \ub9d0\uc500\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc138\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">Call your home.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">Water your flower.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">I gave a gift to my friend.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">Talk to your granmother.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. -\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%; text-align: center;\">\ub0c4\ube44<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%; text-align: center;\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%; text-align: center;\">\ub0c9\uc7a5\uace0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%; text-align: center;\">\ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%; text-align: center;\">\ub5a1\ubcf6\uc774<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%; text-align: center;\">\ube44\ube54\ubc25<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%; text-align: center;\">\ud30c<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%; text-align: center;\">\uac00\ubc29<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> <strong>\ucc45\uc0c1\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00<\/strong>\u00a0\ucc45\uc744 \ub193\uc544 \uc8fc\uc138\uc694.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"87\"]\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n\ud734\ub300\ud3f0: cell phone\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2. -\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<strong>\uadf8\ub807\uac8c <\/strong><strong>\ud558\uba74 <\/strong><strong>\uc548 <\/strong><strong>\ub3fc\uc694! <\/strong>Tell your classmate not to do what they are trying to do. Use \u2013\uc5d0\ub2e4(\uac00).\r\n\r\n<strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> \uac00: \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d\uc5d0 \ud30c\ub97c \ub123\uc5b4\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> <\/span>\ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694. \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d<strong>\uc5d0\ub2e4<\/strong> \ud30c\ub97c \ub123\uc73c\uba74 \uc548 \ub3fc\uc694.\r\n\r\n1. \uac00: \uc774 \ud654\ubd84\uc5d0 \ubb3c\uc744 \uc904\uae4c\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">1.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694,\u00a0 \uadf8 \ud654\ubd84___________________________.\r\n\r\n2. \uac00: \uc5ec\uae30 \uace0\ucd94\uc7a5\uc744 \ub123\uc744\uae4c\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">2.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694,\u00a0 \ubd88\uace0\uae30___________________________.\r\n\r\n3. \uac00: \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc744 \ub0b4 \uc55e\uc5d0 \ud0dc\uc6cc\ub3c4 \ub420\uae4c\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">3.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694,\u00a0 \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc744 \uc2a4\ucfe0\ud130___________________________.\r\n\r\n4. \uac00: \uc9d1 \uc55e\uc5d0 \ucc28\ub97c \uc138\uc6cc\ub3c4 \uad1c\ucc2e\uc544\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">4.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694,\u00a0 \uc9d1 \uc55e___________________________.\r\n\r\n5. \uac00: \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ud32c\uc5d0 \ub41c\uc7a5\ucc0c\uac1c\ub97c \ub053\uc5ec\ub3c4 \ub420\uae4c?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">5.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8,\u00a0 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ud32c___________________________.\r\n\r\n6. \uac00: \ub77c\uba74\uc5d0 \uc18c\uae08\uc744 \uc880 \ub123\uc744\uae4c\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">6.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694! \ub77c\uba74___________________________.\r\n\r\n7. \uac00: \uc2e0\uccad\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc8fc\uc18c\ub97c \uc801\uc744\uae4c\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">7.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694! \uc2e0\uccad\uc11c___________________________.\r\n\r\n8. \uac00: \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc0c8\uc6b0\ub97c \ub123\uc744\uae4c\uc694?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">8.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694! \uc800\ub294 \uc0c8\uc6b0 \uc54c\ub808\ub974\uae30\uac00 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d______________________.\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n\uc2a4\ucfe0\ud130: scooter\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3. -\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<strong>\uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c <\/strong><strong>\ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc694? <\/strong>Your friend wants to make \ub77c\uba74 and is asking you to explain how to make it. Provide detailed instructions using \u2013\uc5d0\ub2e4(\uac00) as needed.\r\n\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/pot-of-ramyun.jpg\" alt=\"pot of ramyun\" width=\"395\" height=\"326\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1167\" \/>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">4. \uc885\ud569 \uc5f0\uc2b5 Role Play<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nCreate a role play with your partner using the key grammar expressions and new vocabulary from this lesson. Include 5 to 6 meaningful rounds of dialogue. Take turns and feel free to add details to make the conversation lively.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Context:<\/strong> Two friends are discussing the upcoming birthday party of their mutual friend. Decide on the food dishes they will prepare and discuss the detailed instructions for making those dishes.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Participants: <\/strong>Two friends who have a mutual friend.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Key Expressions:<\/strong> Causative verbs, \u2013\uc796\uc544(\uc694), NOUN\u2013\uc5d0\ub2e4(\uac00)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Sample dialogue:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[h5p id=\"82\"]\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.23\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1408\" height=\"274\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1216\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.30\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1406\" height=\"272\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1215\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.37\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1406\" height=\"274\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1212\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.46\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1404\" height=\"264\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1211\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a id=\"L8Tasks\"><\/a>\ud574 \ubd10\uc694! Let's Cook!<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Interpretive Task 1. \ub4e3\uae30<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nNext Saturday is Dami\u2019s birthday. So, Willow wants to cook a special birthday dish for her roommate Dami. So Willow asks Hoyoung how to cook that dish. Listen to the dialogue and answer\u00a0in English.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"81\"]\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>What kind of dish does Willow want to cook for Dami\u2019s birthday?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Willow wrote down Hoyoung\u2019s direction. What is the direction?\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<strong>Helpful Vocabulary<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNOUN \uc815\ub3c4: about NOUN\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Interpretive &amp; Interpersonal Task 2. \uc77d\uace0 \uc4f0\uae30<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Butter and Soy Sauce Rice Recipe<\/strong><\/p>\r\nDaniel is craving one of his best childhood dishes. Share his recipe in English (or other languages) to introduce it widely in an English\u2013speaking (or multilingual) community. Try on your own as much as you can and then use a dictionary if needed.\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\ubc84\ud130 \uac04\uc7a5 \uacc4\ub780\ubc25<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/fried-egg-on-rice.jpg\" alt=\"fried egg on rice\" width=\"433\" height=\"265\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1144\" \/>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>\uba3c\uc800 \uacc4\ub780\ud6c4\ub77c\uc774 2\uac1c \uc900\ube44\ud558\uc138\uc694. (\uacc4\ub780 \ud6c4\ub77c\uc774\ub97c \ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \ub178\ub978\uc790\ub97c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub2e4 \uc775\ud600\ub3c4 \uc88b\uace0, \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uc0b6\uc740 \uacc4\ub780\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574\ub3c4 \uad1c\ucc2e\uc544\uc694)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\ub530\ub048\ud55c \ubc25 \uc704\uc5d0 \ubc84\ud130 2 \uc870\uac01\uc744 \uc62c\ub9ac\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\uadf8\ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0 \ubc25 \uc704\uc5d0 \uacc4\ub780\ud6c4\ub77c\uc774\ub97c \uc62c\ub9ac\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\uadf8 \uc704\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00 \uac04\uc7a5 1\uc21f\uac00\ub77d\uc744 \ub123\uc5b4 \uc8fc\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\uace8\uace0\ub8e8 \uc798 \ube44\ube44\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\ub05d\uc5d0 \ucc38\uae30\ub984 \ud55c\ub450 \ubc29\uc6b8\ud558\uace0 \uae68\uc18c\uae08\ub3c4 \uc870\uae08 \ub123\uc73c\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\uae40\uc774\ub098 \ud30c\ub3c4 \uc88b\uc544\ud558\uba74 \ub354\ud574 \ubcf4\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\uae40\uce58\ub098 \ub2e8\ubb34\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uc73c\uba74 \ud568\uaed8 \ub9db\uc788\uac8c \ub4dc\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\ubb3c\ub860 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc7ac\ub8cc\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc18c\uace0\uae30, \ub2ed\uace0\uae30, \ud574\ubb3c, \uc57c\ucc44, \ubc84\uc12f \ub4f1\uc744 \ub354\ud574\uc11c \ub9db\uacfc \uc601\uc591\uc744 \uc990\uaca8\ubcf4\uc138\uc694!\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<strong>Helpful Vocabulary<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\uae68\uc18c\uae08 sesame seed\r\n\r\n\uace8\uace0\ub8e8 evenly\r\n\r\n\uacc4\ub780 \ud6c4\ub77c\uc774 fried egg\r\n\r\n\ube44\ube44\ub2e4 to mix\r\n\r\n\ub178\ub978\uc790 egg yolk\r\n\r\n\ubc29\uc6b8 drop\r\n\r\n\uc0b6\ub2e4 to boil\r\n\r\n\ubc84\uc12f mushrooms\r\n\r\n\ub530\ub048\ud558\ub2e4 warm\r\n\r\n\uc601\uc591 nutrition\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">_______________________________<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Interpersonal &amp; Presentational Task 3. \ub9d0\ud558\uace0 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud558\uae30<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>My Comfort Food<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left;\">With your friends, talk about your comfort food.What is it called? How do you cook it? What does it taste like? What ingredients are in it?, and so on.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Share your favorite recipe in as much detail as you can. (Utilize cooking and food related vocabulary and expression you learned in this lesson.) Also, you may show a photo of the dish and tell your story or memory related to it.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">My comfort food: ________________________<\/p>\r\nIngredients:\r\n\r\nRecipe:\r\n\r\nRelated story or memory:\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><a id=\"L8Culture\"><\/a>\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\uc640 \ud55c\uad6d \ubb38\ud654 Korean Flavors<\/h1>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Language Point: \ubd84\ub958\uc0ac Counters<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nSino\u2013Korean numbers (\uc77c, \uc774, \uc0bc, \uc0ac, \uc624\u2026) are in general used for <strong>naming<\/strong><em>,<\/em> whereas Native Korean numbers (\ud558\ub098, \ub458, \uc14b, \ub137, \ub2e4\uc12f\u2026) are used for <strong>counting<\/strong>. Here are some examples for naming:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \uadf8 \ud615\ub3c4 \uc774 \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8\ucd0c\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uc9c0?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">He also lives in this apartment complex, no?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \uc751. <strong>\uc0bc \ub3d9 \uc0bc\uacf5\uc0bc \ud638(\uc2e4)<\/strong>\uc5d0\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Right. Building Three, apartment (room) number <em>303<\/em>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nHowever, certain words, because they are Sino\u2013based, must be counted with Sino\u2013Korean numbers:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \ubb58\ub85c \ud558\uc2dc\uaca0\uc5b4\uc694?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">What would you like?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \uac08\ube44 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\uc77c <strong>\uc778\ubd84<\/strong><\/span>\ub9cc \uc8fc\uc138\uc694<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u00a0I would like one serving (one person's worth) of \uac08\ube44.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nYou can also see the same counter used with both kinds of numbers, where the number follows the pattern of naming versus counting:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ucef4\ud4e8\ud130 \uac8c\uc784 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\ud55c <strong>\ubc88<\/strong><\/span>\ub9cc \ub354 \ud558\uc790.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Let\u2019s do just one more round of a computer game. (counting)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uc774 \uc218\ud559 \ubb38\uc81c <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\uc77c <strong>\ubc88<\/strong><\/span>\uc740 \ub108\ubb34 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6cc\u2026<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Question One (naming) of this math problem is too difficult\u2026<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub0b4\uc77c \uc219\uc81c\ub294 \uc6cc\ud06c\ubd81 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\uc138<\/strong> \ucabd<\/span>\uc774\uc5d0\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Homework for tomorrow is three pages of the workbook.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub0b4\uc77c \uc219\uc81c\ub294 \uc6cc\ud06c\ubd81 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\uc0bc<\/strong> \ucabd<\/span>\uc774\uc5d0\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Homework for tomorrow is Page 3 in the workbook.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nSometimes, slightly different counters are used with the same or a similar word for different meanings:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ud55c <strong>\uc2dc<\/strong> vs. \ud55c <strong>\uc2dc\uac04<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">1 o\u2019clock vs. 1 hour<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uc0bc <strong>\uc6d4<\/strong> vs. \uc0bc <strong>\uac1c\uc6d4<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">March (month 3) vs. 3 months<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nFor telling time, both kinds of numbers are used mixed. This is because months, days, and hours are treated like names, whereas minutes and seconds are counted!\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \uc624\ub298\uc774 \uba87 \uc6d4 \uba70\uce60\uc774\uc9c0\uc694?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">What's the date today?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \uc2ed \uc774<strong>\uc6d4<\/strong> \uc2ed \uc774<strong>\uc77c<\/strong>\uc774\uc5d0\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u00a0December 12th.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \uc9c0\uae08 \uba87 \uc2dc \uba87 \ubd84\uc774\uc5d0\uc694?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">What time is it now?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \ub124 <strong>\uc2dc<\/strong> \uc0ac <strong>\ubd84<\/strong> \uc0ac <strong>\ucd08<\/strong>\uc608\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u00a004:04:04.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nMost counters are, however, safely used with Native Korean numbers:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \ubaa8\ub450 \uba87 <strong>\ubd84<\/strong>\uc774\uc138\uc694?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">How many of you?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \uc804\ubd80 \ub2e4\uc12f <strong>\uba85\/\uc0ac\ub78c<\/strong>\uc774\uc5d0\uc694.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u00a05 in all.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nHere are some counters in context:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\uac00: \uadf8\uac70 \uc0dd\uc218\uc57c? \ub098, \ubb3c \ud55c <strong>\ubaa8\uae08<\/strong>\ub9cc \ub9c8\uc2dc\uc790.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\ub098: \uadf8\ub798. \uc774 \ucef5\uc5d0\ub2e4 \ud55c <strong>\uc794<\/strong> \ub9c8\uc154.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\uac00: \uac15\uc544\uc9c0 \ud55c <strong>\ub9c8\ub9ac<\/strong>\ub97c \ub370\ub824\uc654\ub294\ub370 \uc544\uc8fc \uc7a5\ub09c\uc774 \uc2ec\ud574. \ub0b4 \uc2e0\ubc1c\ub3c4 \ud55c <strong>\uc9dd<\/strong> \ubb3c\uc5b4 \ub72f\uc5b4 \ub1a8\uc5b4.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\ub098: \ub098\uba38\uc9c0 \ud55c <strong>\uc9dd<\/strong>\ub3c4 \uc918. \ud55c \ucf24\ub808 \ub2e4 \uba39\uc5b4\uc57c \ubc30\uac00 \ucc28\uc9c0.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\uc774 \uac1c\uc6d4\ub9cc \uc788\uc73c\uba74 \ub0b4 \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc740 20<strong>\uc0b4<\/strong>\uc758 \uc131\uc778\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \ub3d9\uc0dd \uc0dd\uc77c\uc5d0 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc7ac\ubbf8\uc788\ub294 \uc18c\uc124 \ud55c <strong>\uad8c<\/strong>\uc774\ub791 \uce74\ub4dc \ud55c <strong>\uc7a5<\/strong>, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc88b\uc740 \ud39c \uba87 <strong>\uc790\ub8e8<\/strong>\ub97c \uc0ac \uc8fc\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0dd\uac01\uac19\uc544\uc11c\ub294 \uc9d1\uc744 \ud55c <strong>\ucc44<\/strong> \uc0ac \uc8fc\uac70\ub098 \ucc28\ub97c \ud55c <strong>\ub300<\/strong> \uc0ac \uc8fc\uace0 \uc2f6\uc9c0\ub9cc\u2026 \ub3c8\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5b4\uc11c \uadf8\ub7f0 \ud070 \uc120\ubb3c\uc740 \ubabb \ud574 \uc8fc\ub2c8\uae4c \ub9e5\uc8fc\ub098 \uba87 <strong>\uc794<\/strong> \uc0ac\uc8fc\uace0 \uc6a9\ub3c8\uc774\ub098 \uba87 \uc2ed\ub9cc <strong>\uc6d0<\/strong> \uc918\uc57c\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nDo you know these?\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\ubd09\uc9c0\/\ubd09\ud22c\/\uc0c1\uc790\/\ubc15\uc2a4<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\uc1a1\uc774\/\ub2e4\ubc1c\/\ub2e8\/\uadf8\ub8e8(\ud55c) \ub2ec<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\ubaa8\uae08\/\uc785<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\uc90c<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nLook where these counters came from!\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\ubaa8\uae08 for <em>sip<\/em> comes from \ubaa9 (throat)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\uc90c for <em>fistful, handful<\/em> comes from \uc8fc\uba39 (fist)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\uc228 for <em>breath<\/em> comes from \uc26c\ub2e4 (breathe)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\ub9c8\ub514 for <em>words\/speech<\/em> is related to\ub9d0 (words). Which way?!!<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\ud55c\uad6d \ubb38\ud654 \uae38\uc7a1\uc774<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Korean Cuisine<\/strong><\/p>\r\nWhat key elements (or staple food items) make up the Korean table? Traditionally, the usual table consists of the following:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ubc25<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">cooked rice (also means meal)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uad6d<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">soup<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ucc0c\uac1c<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">Korean stew<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ubc18\ucc2c<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">side dishes (including...)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uae40\uce58<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">kimchi<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ub098\ubb3c<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\u00a0cooked vegetables<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc21f\uac00\ub77d<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">spoon<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc813\uac00\ub77d<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">chopsticks<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ubc25 \uadf8\ub987, \uacf5\uae30<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">bowl for rice<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uad6d\uadf8\ub987<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">bowl for soup<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nAlthough Korean cuisine has been influenced by western and other international cuisines, traditional Korean cuisine is generally much less greasy or fatty than American food, with the exception of certain meat dishes, such as \uc0bc\uacb9\uc0b4 and certain common marinated beef dishes. Serving sizes (of everything!) are much smaller than in North America, and Korean cooking involves much less deep frying and makes use of less fatty dairy products.\u00a0 A great number of vegetables go into Korean dishes, and of course, \ubc18\ucc2c are most often made from vegetables\u2013\u2013the pickled ones help cut the grease of accompanying meat.\r\n\r\nIn addition, Koreans tend to eat fewer sweets, and the sweets they do eat are often naturally sweet (such as sweet potatoes and pumpkin), or they just use less sugar. You might have heard the expression that \u201c\uc548 \ub2ec\uc544\uc11c \ub9db\uc788\ub2e4\u201d which praises a dessert being not so sweet and thus tasting good! Korean people do not usually eat sweets for dessert, either; if anything, they have fruit for dessert. Just a slice of watermelon or a wedge of orange tops off a Korean meal nicely! Many restaurants will serve perhaps only a slice of orange, not so much as dessert as a palate cleanser or breath freshener, perhaps.\u00a0 Sweets are consumed as \uac04\uc2dd or \uc8fc\uc804\ubd80\ub9ac (snacks).\r\n\r\n\ucc44\uc2dd\uc8fc\uc758 (Vegetarianism) is now at least known in Korea, though you might still encounter bewilderment in some restaurants when trying to ask for strictly vegetarian dishes (e.g. \uae40\uce58\ucc0c\uac1cthat is NOT made with fish sauce\u2013\u2013you can find this kind of\u00a0 \uae40\uce58 in Buddhist temples).\r\n\r\nWhen setting the Korean table, rice and soup are set at each person\u2019s place, and other \u00a0foods are\u00a0 placed in the center. Main dishes generally used to be eaten communally, or by putting small portions into one\u2019s rice bowl, but nowadays, a lot of people use their individual plate or bowl for main dishes. Note that Koreans do not move dishes around at the table. Explore and learn Korean table manners using online resources!\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.naver.com\/PostView.nhn?blogId=haechiseoul&amp;logNo=221569606737&amp;categoryNo=1&amp;parentCategoryNo=0\">https:\/\/blog.naver.com\/PostView.nhn?blogId=haechiseoul&amp;logNo=221569606737&amp;categoryNo=1&amp;parentCategoryNo=0<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><a id=\"L8Async\"><\/a>\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694! I Got This!<\/h1>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nCheck to see if you can do the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Use causative verbs to talk about a recipe.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; word-spacing: normal;\">Give simple directions about how to prepare Korean dishes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Listening Script<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"81\"]\r\n\r\n\ud638\uc601: \uc774\uc81c \uace7 \ub2e4\ubbf8 \uc0dd\uc77c\uc774\uc796\uc544. \uc6b0\ub9ac \ud30c\ud2f0\ud574 \uc904\uae4c?\r\n\r\n\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uc5b4, \ub9de\uc544. \ub2e4\uc74c \ud1a0\uc694\uc77c\uc774\uc57c. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d \ub053\uc5ec\uc8fc\uace0 \uc2f6\uc740\ub370. \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub053\uc774\ub294\uc9c0 \uc54c\uc544?\r\n\r\n\ud638\uc601: \uc5b4, \ubb3c\ub860\uc774\uc9c0. \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc5c4\ub9c8\ud55c\ud14c\uc11c \ubc30\uc6e0\uc5b4. \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc5c4\ub9c8\uac00 \uc18c\uace0\uae30\ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d \uc9c4\uc9dc \ub9db\uc788\uac8c \ub053\uc774\uc2dc\uac70\ub4e0.\r\n\r\n\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uadf8\ub798? \uadfc\ub370 \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6cc?\r\n\r\n\ud638\uc601: \uc544\ub2c8, \uc9c4\uc9dc \uc26c\uc6cc.\r\n\r\n\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uadf8\ub7fc \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ubd10\uc57c\uc9c0. \uc7a0\uae50, \uc880 \uc801\uc744\uac8c. \uc900\ube44\ub410\ub2e4. \uac00\ub974\uccd0 \uc918.\r\n\r\n\ud638\uc601: \uba3c\uc800, \ubbf8\uc5ed\uc744 \ubb3c\uc5d0 10\ubd84 \uc815\ub3c4 \ubd88\ub9b0 \ub2e4\uc74c \ubb3c\uc744 \ube7c.\r\n\r\n\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uc5b4, \uc54c\uc558\uc5b4.\r\n\r\n\ud638\uc601: \uadf8 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0, \ub0c4\ube44\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00 \uc18c\uace0\uae30\ub97c \ub123\uace0 \ubcf6\uc544\uc11c \uc775\ud600. \uc18c\uace0\uae30\uac00 \ub2e4 \uc775\uc73c\uba74 \uac70\uae30\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00 \ucc38\uae30\ub984\ud558\uace0 \ub9c8\ub298, \ubbf8\uc5ed\uc744 \ub123\uace0 \uac19\uc774 \ubcf6\uc544.\r\n\r\n\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uc5bc\ub9c8 \ub3d9\uc548 \ubcf6\uc544?\r\n\r\n\ud638\uc601: \uc5b4, 2, 3\ubd84 \uc815\ub3c4 \uc7a0\uae50 \ubcf6\uc73c\uba74 \ub3fc. \ud0dc\uc6b0\uc9c0 \ub9c8.\r\n\r\n\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uc54c\uc558\uc5b4. 2, 3\ubd84 \uc815\ub3c4?\r\n\r\n\ud638\uc601: \uc5b4, \uadf8 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0 \ucc2c \ubb3c\uc744 \ub123\uace0 \ub053\uc5ec. \ud55c\ubc88 \ub053\uc73c\uba74 \ubd88\uc744 \uc904\uc774\uace0 20\ubd84 \uc815\ub3c4 \ub053\uc5ec\uc57c \ub3fc.\r\n\r\n\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uc7a0\uae50 \uc7a0\uae50! \uc880 \ucc9c\ucc9c\ud788 \ub9d0\ud574 \ubd10. \uc5bc\ub9c8 \uc815\ub3c4 \ub053\uc5ec?\r\n\r\n\ud638\uc601: 20\ubd84 \uc815\ub3c4.\r\n\r\n\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: 20\ubd84, \uc54c\uc558\uc5b4! \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc18c\uae08\uc740 \uc5b8\uc81c \ub123\uc5b4\uc57c \ub3fc?\r\n\r\n\ud638\uc601: \uc18c\uae08\uc740 \ub123\uc9c0 \ub9d0\uace0 \uad6d\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00 \uad6d\uac04\uc7a5\uc744 \ub123\uc5b4\uc57c \ub3fc.\r\n\r\n\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uad6d\uac04\uc7a5? \uba87 \uc21f\uac00\ub77d \ub123\uc5b4\uc57c \ub3fc?\r\n\r\n\ud638\uc601: \uae00\uc384\u2026 \uadf8\ub0e5 \uba39\uc5b4 \ubcf4\uace0 \uc548 \uc2f1\uac70\uc6b8 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub123\uc73c\uba74 \ub3fc.\r\n\r\n\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uc74c, \uc880 \uc5b4\ub835\ub124.\r\n\r\n\ud638\uc601: \uc544\ub2c8\uc57c, \uc26c\uc6cc. \ud574\ubd10\r\n\r\n\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uc54c\uc558\uc5b4. \ud574 \ubcfc\uac8c!<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a id=\"L8Async\"><\/a>\uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ud574 \ubd10\uc694! Now You Try!<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3wb\/chapter\/lesson8\/\">8\uacfc Workbook Link<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3tasks\/chapter\/lesson8\/\">8\uacfc Communicative Tasks Link<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\ud559\uc2b5 \ubaa9\ud45c Goals<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li>Use causative verbs to talk about a recipe.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; word-spacing: normal;\">Give simple directions about how to prepare Korean dishes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uae30 Setting Up<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Lesson Focus<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#L8Vocab\">INGREDIENTS &#8211; \ub2e8\uc5b4 Vocabulary<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Dishes and Ingredients<\/li>\n<li>Cooking verbs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#L8Grammar\">RECIPE &#8211; \ubb38\ubc95\uacfc \ud45c\ud604 Grammar<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Causative verbs<\/li>\n<li>A\/V\u2013\uc796\uc544(\uc694)<\/li>\n<li>NOUN \uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#L8Tasks\">LET&#8217;S COOK! &#8211; \ud574 \ubd10\uc694! Classroom Tasks<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Interpretive Task 1: A conversation about Dami&#8217;s birthday<\/li>\n<li>Interpretive &amp; Interpersonal Task 2: Butter and soy sauce rice recipe<\/li>\n<li>Interpersonal &amp; Presentational Task 3: My comfort food<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#L8Culture\">KOREAN FLAVORS &#8211; \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\uc640 \ud55c\uad6d \ubb38\ud654 Korean Language &amp; Culture<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Counters in Korean<\/li>\n<li>Korean Cuisine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#L8Async\">NOW YOU TRY! \u2013 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ud574\ubd10\uc694! Async. Practices and Tasks<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>WB Link<\/li>\n<li>Communicative Task Link<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc9dd\ud558\uace0 \uc598\uae30\ud574 \ubd10\uc694! Share your thoughts!<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Do you have quintessential birthday food in your culture? Can you give directions on how to make the dish?<\/p>\n<p>What seems to be happening in the following dialogue?<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-77\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-77\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"77\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"3.8_Intro\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.27\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1518\" height=\"344\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.27\u202fPM.png 1518w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.27\u202fPM-300x68.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.27\u202fPM-1024x232.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.27\u202fPM-768x174.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.27\u202fPM-65x15.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.27\u202fPM-225x51.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.27\u202fPM-350x79.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1518px) 100vw, 1518px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.34\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1518\" height=\"344\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.34\u202fPM.png 1518w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.34\u202fPM-300x68.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.34\u202fPM-1024x232.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.34\u202fPM-768x174.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.34\u202fPM-65x15.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.34\u202fPM-225x51.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.34\u202fPM-350x79.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1518px) 100vw, 1518px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.42\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1516\" height=\"392\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.42\u202fPM.png 1516w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.42\u202fPM-300x78.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.42\u202fPM-1024x265.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.42\u202fPM-768x199.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.42\u202fPM-65x17.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.42\u202fPM-225x58.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-08-at-4.28.42\u202fPM-350x91.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1516px) 100vw, 1516px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a id=\"L8Vocab\"><\/a>\ub2e8\uc5b4 Ingredients<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox\" style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/quizlet.com\/965751978\/ysk-3_lesson-8-flash-cards\/\"><strong>Access the Quizlet<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc694\ub9ac\uc640 \uc7ac\ub8cc, \uc591\ub150 Dishes, Ingredients, and Seasonings<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 194px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 68px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 68px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup1.jpg\" alt=\"seaweed soup\" width=\"704\" height=\"395\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup1.jpg 704w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup1-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup1-65x36.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup1-225x126.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup1-350x196.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 704px) 100vw, 704px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 68px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/japchae.jpg\" alt=\"japchae\" width=\"583\" height=\"268\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1164\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/japchae.jpg 583w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/japchae-300x138.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/japchae-65x30.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/japchae-225x103.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/japchae-350x161.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 583px) 100vw, 583px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 68px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/assorted-Korean-pancakes.jpg\" alt=\"assorted Korean pancakes\" width=\"583\" height=\"418\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1130\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/assorted-Korean-pancakes.jpg 583w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/assorted-Korean-pancakes-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/assorted-Korean-pancakes-65x47.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/assorted-Korean-pancakes-225x161.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/assorted-Korean-pancakes-350x251.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 583px) 100vw, 583px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 68px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/raw-beef.jpg\" alt=\"raw beef\" width=\"454\" height=\"292\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/raw-beef.jpg 454w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/raw-beef-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/raw-beef-65x42.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/raw-beef-225x145.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/raw-beef-350x225.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 454px) 100vw, 454px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 68px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/shrimp.jpg\" alt=\"shrimp\" width=\"68\" height=\"59\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/shrimp.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/shrimp-65x56.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/shrimp-225x194.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 68px) 100vw, 68px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 68px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/soy-sauce.jpg\" alt=\"soy sauce\" width=\"53\" height=\"99\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/soy-sauce.jpg 138w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/soy-sauce-65x121.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 53px) 100vw, 53px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\uc7a1\ucc44<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\uc804<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\uc18c\uace0\uae30<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\uc0c8\uc6b0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\uac04\uc7a5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 36px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">seaweed soup<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">japchae<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">Korean pancake<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">beef<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">shrimp<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">soy sauce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/red-chili-flakes.jpg\" alt=\"red chili flakes\" width=\"103\" height=\"76\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/red-chili-flakes.jpg 291w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/red-chili-flakes-65x48.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/red-chili-flakes-225x165.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 103px) 100vw, 103px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/garlic.jpg\" alt=\"garlic\" width=\"105\" height=\"73\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1145\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/garlic.jpg 507w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/garlic-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/garlic-65x45.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/garlic-225x156.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/garlic-350x243.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 105px) 100vw, 105px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/sugar.jpg\" alt=\"sugar\" width=\"63\" height=\"84\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/sugar.jpg 334w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/sugar-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/sugar-65x87.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 63px) 100vw, 63px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/salt-shaker.jpg\" alt=\"salt\" width=\"48\" height=\"82\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1171\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/salt-shaker.jpg 163w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/salt-shaker-65x112.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 48px) 100vw, 48px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/sesame-oil.jpg\" alt=\"sesame oil\" width=\"33\" height=\"107\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1176\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/sesame-oil.jpg 170w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/sesame-oil-93x300.jpg 93w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/sesame-oil-65x210.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 33px) 100vw, 33px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onion.jpg\" alt=\"green onion\" width=\"90\" height=\"90\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1155\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onion.jpg 387w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onion-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onion-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onion-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onion-225x224.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onion-350x349.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 90px) 100vw, 90px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\uace0\ucd94\uac00\ub8e8<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\ub9c8\ub298<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\uc124\ud0d5<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\uc18c\uae08<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\ucc38\uae30\ub984<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 18px;\">\ud30c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 36px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">red pepper flakes<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">garlic<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">sugar<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">salt<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">sesame oil<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 36px;\">green onion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc694\ub9ac\ud558\uae30 Cooking Verbs<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 109px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/water-on-stove.jpg\" alt=\"water on stove\" width=\"253\" height=\"197\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1183\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/water-on-stove.jpg 253w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/water-on-stove-65x51.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/water-on-stove-225x175.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 253px) 100vw, 253px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-sprinkling-salt-into-a-pot.jpg\" alt=\"hand sprinkling salt into a pot\" width=\"75\" height=\"84\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-sprinkling-salt-into-a-pot.jpg 594w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-sprinkling-salt-into-a-pot-270x300.jpg 270w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-sprinkling-salt-into-a-pot-65x72.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-sprinkling-salt-into-a-pot-225x250.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-sprinkling-salt-into-a-pot-350x388.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 75px) 100vw, 75px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hands-holding-chopsticks-and-flipping-a-Korean-pancake-in-a-pan.jpg\" alt=\"hands holding chopsticks and flipping a Korean pancake in a pan\" width=\"731\" height=\"459\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hands-holding-chopsticks-and-flipping-a-Korean-pancake-in-a-pan.jpg 731w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hands-holding-chopsticks-and-flipping-a-Korean-pancake-in-a-pan-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hands-holding-chopsticks-and-flipping-a-Korean-pancake-in-a-pan-65x41.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hands-holding-chopsticks-and-flipping-a-Korean-pancake-in-a-pan-225x141.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hands-holding-chopsticks-and-flipping-a-Korean-pancake-in-a-pan-350x220.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 731px) 100vw, 731px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-stir-frying-vegetables-in-a-pan.jpg\" alt=\"hand stir-frying vegetables in a pan\" width=\"730\" height=\"547\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-stir-frying-vegetables-in-a-pan.jpg 730w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-stir-frying-vegetables-in-a-pan-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-stir-frying-vegetables-in-a-pan-65x49.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-stir-frying-vegetables-in-a-pan-225x169.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-stir-frying-vegetables-in-a-pan-350x262.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/cucumber-getting-chopped.jpg\" alt=\"cucumber getting chopped\" width=\"542\" height=\"269\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1142\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/cucumber-getting-chopped.jpg 542w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/cucumber-getting-chopped-300x149.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/cucumber-getting-chopped-65x32.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/cucumber-getting-chopped-225x112.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/cucumber-getting-chopped-350x174.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 542px) 100vw, 542px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\">\ub053\ub2e4\/\ub053\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\">\ub123\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\">\ubd80\uce58\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\">\ubcf6\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 18px;\">\uc370\ub2e4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 73px;\">to boil\/to make something boil<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 73px;\">to put in<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 73px;\">to fry, cook (Korean pancake)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 73px;\">to stir fry<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 73px;\">to slice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc0c8 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uc640 \ud45c\ud604<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ub0c4\ube44<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">saucepan<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc801\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to write<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ubd88<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">fire, light<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ud0c0\ub2e4\/\ud0dc\uc6b0\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to burn\/to make (sth) burn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc21f\uac00\ub77d<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">spoon<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc904\ub2e4\/\uc904\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to reduce\/to make (sth) reduce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ub118\uce58\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to overflow<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ub0ae\ub2e4\/\ub0af\ucd94\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to be low\/to lower<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ub044\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to turn off<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc138\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to be strong<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ubd87\ub2e4\/\ubd88\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to swell\/to make (sth) swell<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc2f1\uac81\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to be bland [\u3142 irregular]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ubd93\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to pour (in) [\u3145 irregular]<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uadf8\ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">next\/after that<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc775\ub2e4\/\uc775\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">to be ripe\/to make (sth) cooked (to cook something)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc6b0\uc120, \uba3c\uc800<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">first of all, before others<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\ub2e8\uc5b4 \uba54\ubaa8\uc9c0 Vocabulary Notes<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><strong>1. \ubd88<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\ubd88<\/strong> means \u201cfire\u201d or \u201clight\u201d and is used in the following idioms:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>\ubd88<\/strong>\uc744 \ub0b4\ub2e4; <strong>\ubd88<\/strong>\uc774 \ub098\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">to set something on fire; to catch fire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>\ubd88<\/strong>\uc744 \ucf1c\ub2e4; <strong>\ubd88<\/strong>\uc744 \ub044\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">to turn on the light; to turn off the light<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>\ubd88<\/strong>\uc744 \uc904\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">to turn down the stove heat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>2. \ubd87\ub2e4 to swell, to get puffy, to soften up<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\ubd87\ub2e4<\/strong> is frequently used for noodles or other food items such as dried seaweed. Remember that this is an irregular verb, so \u3137 becomes \u3139 before vowel-beginning suffixes.<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uad6d\uc218\uac00 \ub9ce\uc774 <strong>\ubd88\uc5c8\ub124<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">The noodles are very bloated.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>3. Transitive and intransitive verbs<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When your own action does not transfer onto, thus affect others, that action is expressed in <strong>in<\/strong>transitive verbs (e.g., I sleep.). On the other hand, when your action affects something or someone else, the verb expressing the action is called transitive (e.g., She kicked the ball.)\u00a0 Let\u2019s look at some Korean examples.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\ub05d\ub0b4\ub2e4 (transitive) vs. \ub05d\ub098\ub2e4 (intransitive)<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \uc77c(\uc744) \ub2e4 <strong>\ub05d\ub0c8\uc5b4\uc694<\/strong>?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Have you finished all your work?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: (\uc77c\uc774) \uac70\uc758 <strong>\ub05d\ub0ac\uc5b4\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">It\u2019s almost done.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>More specifically, when your action brings about changes in someone or something else\u2019s behavior or state, the verb expressing the action can be called <strong>causative<\/strong> (e.g. I made him go. I tightened the rope.) In Korean, many causative (and transitive) verbs are closely tied to their non-transitive counterparts. In this lesson, we introduce causative verb forms. Take careful note which particle is used with causative and non-causative verbs in the following example.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\ubd87\ub2e4 (intransitive, \u3137-irregular) vs. \ubd88\ub9ac\ub2e4 (transitive)<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \ubbf8\uc5ed\uc774 \ub2e4 <strong>\ubd88\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694<\/strong>?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Is the seaweed soft yet?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694, (\ubbf8\uc5ed\uc744) \uc880 \ub354 <strong>\ubd88\ub824\uc57c \ub3fc\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">No, we need to soften it (let it soften up) a little more.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\ub2e8\uc5b4 \uc5f0\uc2b5<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1.<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-83\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-83\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"83\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Lesson 8 \ub2e8\uc5b4 \uc5f0\uc2b5 1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2.<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><strong>\uc9dd\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4dc\uc138\uc694! <\/strong>Pick one word from each row to make a set of related words. You should have one noun and two verbs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> \ubbf8\uc5ed \u2013 \uc370\ub2e4, \ubd88\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 60px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ubbf8\uc5ed<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uc18c\uace0\uae30<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uae40\uce58<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uc7a1\ucc44<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uc804<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ucc38\uae30\ub984<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uc18c\uae08<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uac04\uc7a5<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uace0\ucda7\uac00\ub8e8<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uc124\ud0d5<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ubd88<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ubd88\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ubcf6\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ub044\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ub9d0\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uc904\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uc370\ub2e4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ub123\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ubd80\uce58\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ub053\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\uc775\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\">\ub0ae\ucd94\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; height: 15px; text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3.<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<table class=\"lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\">\uac04\uc7a5<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\">\uadf8\ub2e4\uc74c<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\">\uae30\ub984<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\">\uba3c\uc800<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\">\ubd88<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\">\uc18c\uae08<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\ud55c\uad6d \uc694\ub9ac \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30: \ud30c\uc804<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onion-pancake-with-shrimp-and-green-onion.jpg\" alt=\"green onion pancake with shrimp and green onion\" width=\"186\" height=\"104\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1154\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onion-pancake-with-shrimp-and-green-onion.jpg 946w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onion-pancake-with-shrimp-and-green-onion-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onion-pancake-with-shrimp-and-green-onion-768x429.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onion-pancake-with-shrimp-and-green-onion-65x36.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onion-pancake-with-shrimp-and-green-onion-225x126.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onion-pancake-with-shrimp-and-green-onion-350x196.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 186px) 100vw, 186px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-84\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-84\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"84\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Lesson 8 \ub2e8\uc5b4 \uc5f0\uc2b5 3\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\ubc00\uac00\ub8e8: flour<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 4.<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>How do you make the following dishes? Write ingredients, seasonings, and cooking verbs as shown in the example.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/spicy-rice-cakes-tteokboki.jpg\" alt=\"spicy rice cakes tteokboki\" width=\"262\" height=\"144\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/spicy-rice-cakes-tteokboki.jpg 262w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/spicy-rice-cakes-tteokboki-65x36.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/spicy-rice-cakes-tteokboki-225x124.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 262px) 100vw, 262px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup1.jpg\" alt=\"seaweed soup\" width=\"704\" height=\"395\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup1.jpg 704w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup1-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup1-65x36.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup1-225x126.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup1-350x196.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 704px) 100vw, 704px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/assorted-Korean-pancakes.jpg\" alt=\"assorted Korean pancakes\" width=\"583\" height=\"418\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1130\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/assorted-Korean-pancakes.jpg 583w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/assorted-Korean-pancakes-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/assorted-Korean-pancakes-65x47.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/assorted-Korean-pancakes-225x161.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/assorted-Korean-pancakes-350x251.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 583px) 100vw, 583px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/japchae.jpg\" alt=\"japchae\" width=\"583\" height=\"268\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1164\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/japchae.jpg 583w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/japchae-300x138.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/japchae-65x30.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/japchae-225x103.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/japchae-350x161.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 583px) 100vw, 583px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/kimchi-stew.jpg\" alt=\"kimchi stew\" width=\"489\" height=\"489\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/kimchi-stew.jpg 489w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/kimchi-stew-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/kimchi-stew-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/kimchi-stew-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/kimchi-stew-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/kimchi-stew-350x350.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 489px) 100vw, 489px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub5a1\ubcf6\uc774<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc804<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc7a1\ucc44<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uae40\uce58 \ucc0c\uac1c<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Your own!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub5a1, \uace0\ucd94\uc7a5, \uc124\ud0d5, \uac04\uc7a5<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc790\ub974\ub2e4, \ubcf6\ub2e4, \ub053\uc774\ub2e4, \uc775\ud788\ub2e4, \ub123\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a id=\"L8Grammar\"><\/a>\ubb38\ubc95\uacfc \ud45c\ud604 Recipe<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">1. \uc0ac\ub3d9\uc0ac Causative<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.43.52\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1454\" height=\"630\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.43.52\u202fPM.png 1454w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.43.52\u202fPM-300x130.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.43.52\u202fPM-1024x444.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.43.52\u202fPM-768x333.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.43.52\u202fPM-65x28.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.43.52\u202fPM-225x97.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.43.52\u202fPM-350x152.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1454px) 100vw, 1454px\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; word-spacing: normal;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-78\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-78\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"78\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"3.8_G1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; word-spacing: normal;\"><\/span><strong>\uc0ac\ub3d9\uc0ac Causative Verbs in Korean<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Some verbs in Korean can be converted to causative (or permissive) verbs, which means \u2018to have\/make \u00a0(or let) someone do something.\u201d There are several ways to make the causative. One way is to use \u2013\uac8c \ud558\ub2e4\/\ub9cc\ub4e4\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098\ub294 \ub3d9\uc0dd\ud55c\ud14c \ub77c\uba74\uc744\u00a0<strong>\ub053\uc774<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\uac8c \ud588\uc5b4\uc694.<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">I\u00a0<strong>made\/had\/let my younger sibling cook\u00a0<\/strong>instant noodles.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>\uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\uac8c \ud574\uc11c<\/span><\/strong> \ubbf8\uc548\ud574\uc694.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u00a0Sorry I\u00a0<strong>made you wait<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Another, more direct way add a causative marker <strong>\uc774<\/strong>, <strong>\ud788<\/strong>, <strong>\ub9ac<\/strong>, <strong>\uae30<\/strong>, (\uc774)<strong>\uc6b0<\/strong>, <strong>\uad6c<\/strong>, or <strong>\ucd94<\/strong> (Korean speakers memorize the markers in this order).<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ubd88\uc744\u00a0<strong>\ub0ae<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\ucd94<\/span>\uc138\uc694<\/strong>. \ucc0c\uac1c\uac00 \ub118\uccd0\uc694.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Please <strong>lower the heat<\/strong>. The stew is overflowing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ubcf6\uc740 \uace0\uae30\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00 \ubb3c\uc744 \ub123\uace0 <strong>\ub053<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\uc774<\/span>\uc138\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Add water to the stir-fried meat and <strong>boil it<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Useful causative verbs<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here are some of the most frequently used causative verbs. Note that some causatives are made from adjectives (e.g., \ub0ae\ub2e4 low \u21d2 \ub0ae\ucd94\ub2e4 to lower).<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"shaded\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\" colspan=\"6\"><strong>\uc774<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub053\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to boil (something boils)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub053\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to boil something<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uba3c\uc800 \ubb3c\uc744 <strong>\ub053\uc774\uc138\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">First of all, boil the water.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc904\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to reduce (someting reduces)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc904\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make something reduce\/shrink<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubd88\uc744 <strong>\uc904\uc774\uc138\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Reduce the heat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub192\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to be high<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub192\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make something higher (to raise something)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubd88\uc744 <strong>\ub192\uc774\uc138\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Increase the heat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"shaded\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\" colspan=\"6\"><strong>\ud788<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc775\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to be ripe<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc775\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make something ripe (\uae40\uce58); cook well\/till done (\uace0\uae30)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uace0\uae30\ub97c <strong>\uc775\ud788\uc138\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Cook the meat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc785\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to wear<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc785\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to put clothing on someone\/something<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc544\uae30 \uc637\uc744\u00a0<strong>\uc785\ud600\uc918.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Dress the baby.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub354\ub7fd\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to be dirty<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub354\ub7fd\ud788\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make something dirty (to dirty something)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubd80\uc5cc\uc744 \ub108\ubb34\u00a0<strong>\ub354\ub7fd\ud788\uc9c0\ub9c8.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Don&#8217;t make a mess in the kitchen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"shaded\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\" colspan=\"6\"><strong>\ub9ac + Verbs ending in -\u3139 related words<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub9c8\ub974\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to be dry; skinny (verb)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub9d0\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to dry something (to make something dry)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub9d0\ub9b0 \ubbf8\uc5ed\uc744 <strong>\uc0ac\uc138\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Buy dried seaweed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc54c\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to know<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc54c\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to inform (to make someone know)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc8fc\uc18c\ub97c <strong>\uc54c\ub824 \uc8fc\uc138\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Please let me know your address.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubd87\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to swell<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubd88\ub9ac\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make something swell\/big; to make big<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubbf8\uc5ed\uc744 \ubb3c\uc5d0 <strong>\ubd88\ub9ac\uc138\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Soak the seaweed in the water.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"shaded\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\" colspan=\"6\"><strong>\uae30<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub0a8\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to be left over<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub0a8\uae30\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make something leftover; to leave something (behind)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc74c\uc2dd\uc744\u00a0<strong>\ub0a8\uae30\uc9c0 \ub9c8\uc138\uc694.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Don&#8217;t leave any food; eat it up.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc2e0\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to put on (shoes)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc2e0\uae30\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make someone put on (shoes)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uac15\uc544\uc9c0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2e0\ubc1c\uc744\u00a0<strong>\uc2e0\uacbc\uc5b4\uc694.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">I have my dog wear shoes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc6c3\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to laugh, smile<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc6c3\uae30\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make someone laugh<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uadf8 \uce5c\uad6c\ub294 \uc815\ub9d0\u00a0<strong>\uc6c3\uaca8.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">That friend is really funny.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"shaded\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\" colspan=\"6\"><strong>\uc6b0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ud0c0\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to get on (a ride); (something) to burn (up)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ud0dc\uc6b0\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to giev someone a ride; to burn something<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uac08\ube44\ucc1c\uc744\u00a0<strong>\ud0dc\uc6e0\uc5b4\uc694.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">I burnt the galbi jjim.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ud06c\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to grow; to be big<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ud0a4\uc6b0\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make something\/someone grow; to raise<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc9d1\uc5d0\uc11c \ud30c\ub97c\u00a0<strong>\ud0a4\uc6cc\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">I grow green onions at home.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"shaded\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\" colspan=\"6\"><strong>\ucd94 + Verb ending in \u3148<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub0ae\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to be low<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub0ae\ucd94\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">to make something low (to lower something)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc18c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc880\u00a0<strong>\ub0ae\ucd94\uc138\uc694.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">Turn the volume down a bit.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Conjugation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As you have observed, the exact shape of the short form causative (derived verb) is not always predictable, and there are many exceptions to the \uc774, \ud788, \ub9ac, \uae30, (\uc774)\uc6b0 rules. Thus, you will need to memorize individual oddities.\u00a0 Learn the short-form causative verbs by first sounding each word out until you are used to the sound pattern (\ub0a8\ub2e4 \u21d2 \ub0a8\uae30\ub2e4 vs. \uc77d\ub2e4 \u21d2 \uc77d\ud788\ub2e4 vs. \ubcf4\ub2e4 \u21d2 \ubcf4\uc774\ub2e4, etc.). Then, memorize at least two or three verbs in each final consonant along with their meanings, which can give you a representation of the category. Other frequently used causative verbs are as follows. Can you guess their meanings?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u2013<\/strong>\uc774 \uba39\uc774\ub2e4(\uba39\ub2e4), \ub0b4\ub2e4(\ub098\ub2e4), \ubd99\uc774\ub2e4(\ubd99\ub2e4)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u2013<\/strong>\ud788 \uc549\ud788\ub2e4(\uc549\ub2e4), \ub215\ud788\ub2e4(\ub215\ub2e4), \ubc1d\ud788\ub2e4(\ubc1d\ub2e4); \uad34\ub86d\ud788\ub2e4(\uad34\ub86d\ub2e4), \uc881\ud788\ub2e4(\uc881\ub2e4), \ub113\ud788\ub2e4(\ub113\ub2e4)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u2013<\/strong>\ub9ac \ub9d0\ub9ac\ub2e4 (\ub9c8\ub974\ub2e4), \uc5bc\ub9ac\ub2e4 (\uc5bc\ub2e4)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u2013<\/strong>\uae30 \uc228\uae30\ub2e4(\uc228\ub2e4), \uc548\uae30\ub2e4 (\uc548\ub2e4), \ub9e1\uae30\ub2e4(\ub9e1\ub2e4), \ubc97\uae30\ub2e4 (\ubc97\ub2e4)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u2013<\/strong>(\uc774)\uc6b0 \ub07c\uc6b0\ub2e4 (\ub07c\ub2e4), \ud0a4\uc6b0\ub2e4 (\ud06c\ub2e4), \uc7ac\uc6b0\ub2e4 (\uc790\ub2e4)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u2013<\/strong>\uad6c \ub2ec\uad6c\ub2e4 (\ub2ec\ub2e4, to be heated)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u2013<\/strong>\ucd94 \ub9de\ucd94\ub2e4 (\ub9de\ub2e4), \ub2a6\ucd94\ub2e4(\ub2a6\ub2e4)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox\">\n<p>Let\u2019s practice! Complete the following causative words conjugation practice and write a sentence using each verb in causative form.<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ub053\ub2e4 &#8211; \ub053__\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc785\ub2e4 &#8211; \uc785__\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc54c\ub2e4 &#8211; \uc54c__\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc775\ub2e4 &#8211; \uc775__\ub2e4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ud0c0\ub2e4 &#8211; \ud0dc__\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc904\ub2e4 &#8211; \uc904__\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ub0ae\ub2e4 &#8211; \ub0ae__\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ub0a8\ub2e4 &#8211; \ub0a8__\ub2e4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ubd87\ub2e4 &#8211; \ubd88__\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ud06c\ub2e4 &#8211; \ud0a4__\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc6c3\ub2e4 &#8211; \uc6c3__\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>&lt;\ub2f5&gt; \ub053\uc774\ub2e4, \uc785\ud788\ub2e4, \uc54c\ub9ac\ub2e4, \uc775\ud788\ub2e4, \ud0dc\uc6b0\ub2e4, \uc904\uc774\ub2e4, \ub0ae\ucd94\ub2e4, \ub0a8\uae30\ub2e4, \ubd88\ub9ac\ub2e4, \ud0a4\uc6b0\ub2e4, \uc6c3\uae30\ub2e4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. Causative Verbs<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Complete the sentences using appropriate causative words as in \ub9db\ubcf4\uae30.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>(\ub9de\ubcf4\uae30)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-turning-on-burner-with-pot-of-water-on-it.jpg\" alt=\"hand turning on burner with pot of water on it\" width=\"102\" height=\"125\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-turning-on-burner-with-pot-of-water-on-it.jpg 283w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-turning-on-burner-with-pot-of-water-on-it-244x300.jpg 244w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-turning-on-burner-with-pot-of-water-on-it-65x80.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hand-turning-on-burner-with-pot-of-water-on-it-225x277.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 102px) 100vw, 102px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boiling-water-on-stove.jpg\" alt=\"boiling water on stove\" width=\"108\" height=\"113\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1133\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boiling-water-on-stove.jpg 250w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boiling-water-on-stove-65x68.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boiling-water-on-stove-225x236.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 108px) 100vw, 108px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">1. \ubb3c\uc744 (\ub053\uc5b4\uc694 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\ub053\uc5ec\uc694<\/span>).<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">2. \ubb3c\uc774 (\ub053\uc5b4\uc694 \ub053\uc5ec\uc694).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/short-ribs-cooking-in-a-pan.jpg\" alt=\"short ribs cooking in a pan\" width=\"152\" height=\"106\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/short-ribs-cooking-in-a-pan.jpg 367w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/short-ribs-cooking-in-a-pan-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/short-ribs-cooking-in-a-pan-65x46.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/short-ribs-cooking-in-a-pan-225x158.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/short-ribs-cooking-in-a-pan-350x245.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 152px) 100vw, 152px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/marinated-short-rib.jpg\" alt=\"marinated short rib\" width=\"160\" height=\"69\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/marinated-short-rib.jpg 543w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/marinated-short-rib-300x130.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/marinated-short-rib-65x28.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/marinated-short-rib-225x97.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/marinated-short-rib-350x151.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">3. \uac08\ube44\uac00 (\uc775\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694 \uc775\ud614\uc5b4\uc694).<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">4. \uac08\ube44\ub97c (\uc775\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694 \uc775\ud614\uc5b4\uc694).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-tying-his-shoe.jpg\" alt=\"boy tying his shoe\" width=\"78\" height=\"116\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-tying-his-shoe.jpg 297w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-tying-his-shoe-204x300.jpg 204w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-tying-his-shoe-65x96.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-tying-his-shoe-225x331.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 78px) 100vw, 78px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/woman-helping-child-put-on-a-sneaker.jpg\" alt=\"woman helping child put on a sneaker\" width=\"105\" height=\"107\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/woman-helping-child-put-on-a-sneaker.jpg 506w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/woman-helping-child-put-on-a-sneaker-292x300.jpg 292w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/woman-helping-child-put-on-a-sneaker-65x67.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/woman-helping-child-put-on-a-sneaker-225x231.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/woman-helping-child-put-on-a-sneaker-350x359.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 105px) 100vw, 105px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">5. \uc2e0\ubc1c\uc744 (\uc2e0\uc5b4\uc694 \uc2e0\uaca8\uc694).<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">6. \ub3d9\uc0dd \uc2e0\ubc1c\uc744 (\uc2e0\uc5b4\uc694 \uc2e0\uaca8\uc694).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/woman-buckling-baby-into-car-seat.jpg\" alt=\"woman buckling baby into car seat\" width=\"112\" height=\"110\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1185\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/woman-buckling-baby-into-car-seat.jpg 835w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/woman-buckling-baby-into-car-seat-300x296.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/woman-buckling-baby-into-car-seat-768x757.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/woman-buckling-baby-into-car-seat-65x64.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/woman-buckling-baby-into-car-seat-225x222.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/woman-buckling-baby-into-car-seat-350x345.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 112px) 100vw, 112px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/girl-getting-in-a-taxi.jpg\" alt=\"girl getting in a taxi\" width=\"182\" height=\"83\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1147\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/girl-getting-in-a-taxi.jpg 998w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/girl-getting-in-a-taxi-300x136.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/girl-getting-in-a-taxi-768x349.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/girl-getting-in-a-taxi-65x30.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/girl-getting-in-a-taxi-225x102.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/girl-getting-in-a-taxi-350x159.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 182px) 100vw, 182px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">7. \uc544\uae30\ub97c \ucc28\uc5d0 (\ud0c0\uc694 \ud0dc\uc6cc\uc694).<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">8. \ucc28\uc5d0 (\ud0c0\uc694 \ud0dc\uc6cc\uc694).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onions-growing-in-soil.jpg\" alt=\"green onions growing in soil\" width=\"166\" height=\"109\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1157\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onions-growing-in-soil.jpg 783w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onions-growing-in-soil-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onions-growing-in-soil-768x508.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onions-growing-in-soil-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onions-growing-in-soil-225x149.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onions-growing-in-soil-350x232.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 166px) 100vw, 166px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onions-being-watered-in-a-pot.jpg\" alt=\"green onions being watered in a pot\" width=\"98\" height=\"126\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onions-being-watered-in-a-pot.jpg 819w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onions-being-watered-in-a-pot-233x300.jpg 233w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onions-being-watered-in-a-pot-796x1024.jpg 796w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onions-being-watered-in-a-pot-768x988.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onions-being-watered-in-a-pot-65x84.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onions-being-watered-in-a-pot-225x290.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/green-onions-being-watered-in-a-pot-350x450.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 98px) 100vw, 98px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">9. \ud30c\uac00 (\ucee4\uc694 \ud0a4\uc6cc\uc694).<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">10. \ud30c\ub97c (\ucee4\uc694 \ud0a4\uc6cc\uc694).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2. Causative Verbs<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Provide causative verbs and then complete the requests as in \ub9db\ubcf4\uae30.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> \uba39\ub2e4<br \/>\n[\uba39\uc774\ub2e4] \uc6b0\ub9ac \uac15\uc544\uc9c0\uac00 \ubc25\uc744 \uc548 \uba39\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc694. \uac15\uc544\uc9c0\ud55c\ud14c \ubc25\uc744 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\uba39\uc774\uc138\uc694<\/span>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-85\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-85\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"85\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Lesson 8 \ubb38\ubc95 1 \uc5f0\uc2b5 2. Causative Verbs\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3. Causative Verbs<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Complete the following dialogues using causative verbs as shown in \ub9db\ubcf4\uae30.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> \uac00: \uc9c0\uae08 \ubb34\uc2a8 \uc694\ub9ac\ub97c \ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30<\/strong><strong>) <\/strong><\/span>\ub098: \ub124.\u00a0 \uc694\ub9ac\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0\uc694. \uc9c0\uae08 \ub77c\uba74\uc744 <strong>\ub053\uc774\uace0<\/strong> <strong>\uc788\uc5b4\uc694<\/strong>. [\ub053\ub2e4]<\/p>\n<p>1. \uac00: \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub3cc\uc794\uce58\uc5d0 \uc544\uae30\uac00 \ubb34\uc2a8 \uc637\uc744 \uc785\uc5b4\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">1.<\/span> \ub098: _______________________________________. [\uc785\ub2e4]<\/p>\n<p>2. \uac00: \uc544\uc774\uace0, \uc624\ub298 \uc0b0 \ubc14\uc9c0\uac00 \uc880 \uae38\uc5b4\uc694!<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">2.<\/span> \ub098: _______________________________________. [\uc904\ub2e4]<\/p>\n<p>3. \uac00: \uc9c0\uae08 \ub098\uac08 \uac74\ub370 \uac19\uc774 \ub0b4 \ucc28 \ud0c0\uace0 \uac08\ub798\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">3.<\/span> \ub098: \ub124, _______________________________________. [\ud0c0\ub2e4]<\/p>\n<p>4. \uac00: \uc804\uc774 \ud0c0\ub294\ub370 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud558\uc9c0\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">4.<\/span> \ub098: \ubd88\uc774 \ub108\ubb34 \uc138\ub124\uc694. _______________________________________. [\ub0ae\ub2e4]<\/p>\n<p>5. \uac00: \ube68\ub798 \ub2e4 \ub9d0\ub790\uc5b4\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">5.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694, _______________________________________. [\ub9c8\ub974\ub2e4]<\/p>\n<p>6. \uac00: \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d \ub053\uc77c \uac70\uc9c0\uc694? \ubb50\ubd80\ud130 \ud560\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">6.<\/span> \ub098: \uba3c\uc800 _______________________________________. [\ubd87\ub2e4]<\/p>\n<p>7. \uac00: \uae40\uce58\ub97c \ub9db\uc788\uac8c \uba39\uc73c\ub824\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud574\uc57c \ub3fc\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">7.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694, _______________________________________. [\uc775\ub2e4]<\/p>\n<p>8. \uac00: \uac15\uc544\uc9c0\ud55c\ud14c \ubb50 \uc904\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">8.<\/span> \ub098: ____________________________________________. [\uba39\ub2e4]<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 4. Causative Verbs<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Share your advice using causatives for the following questions.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>____________\uc744\/\ub97c \uc694\ub9ac\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud574\uc57c \ub3fc\uc694?<\/li>\n<li>\uac15\uc544\uc9c0\ub97c \uc798 \ud0a4\uc6b0\ub824\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud574\uc57c \ud560\uae4c\uc694?<\/li>\n<li>\uae40\uce58\ub97c \ube68\ub9ac \uc775\ud788\ub824\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud574\uc57c \ub3fc\uc694?<\/li>\n<li>\uba38\ub9ac\ub97c \ube68\ub9ac \ub9d0\ub9ac\ub824\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud558\uba74 \uc88b\uc744\uae4c\uc694?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">2. A\/V-\uc796\uc544(\uc694) (As) You (Certainly\/Already) Know<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.03\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1440\" height=\"386\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.03\u202fPM.png 1440w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.03\u202fPM-300x80.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.03\u202fPM-1024x274.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.03\u202fPM-768x206.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.03\u202fPM-65x17.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.03\u202fPM-225x60.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.03\u202fPM-350x94.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-79\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-79\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"79\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"3.8_G2\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>A\/V-\uc9c0 \uc54a Long-Form Negation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In Lesson 2 of Book 3, we learned that \u2013\uc9c0 \uc54a is sometimes called the long negative form, as compared to \uc548 + VERB, where \uc9c0 is the same negative suffix you know from \u2013<strong>\uc9c0<\/strong> \ub9c8\uc138\uc694 (Please don\u2019t do\u2026) and \u2013<strong>\uc9c0<\/strong> \ubabb\ud574\uc694 (one cannot\u2026).<\/p>\n<p><strong>A\/V-\uc796\uc544(\uc694) (as) you (certainly\/already) know<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2013<strong>\uc796\uc544<\/strong>, a historically contracted form from \u2013<strong>\uc9c0 <\/strong><strong>\uc54a\uc544<\/strong>, has taken on a new meaning.\u00a0 It is used casually as a tag question to mean, \u201cobviously\u201d or \u201cy\u2019know<em>.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0 \u2013\uc796\uc544seeks the listener\u2019s agreement, but only cursorily; the assumption is that the listener already has knowledge about what is being discussed.\u00a0 The intended effect of the ending is somewhat like the tag question\u2013\uc9c0, but with a stronger assumption that the listener should know:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d\uc740 \uc65c?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">What&#8217;s up with the seaweed soup?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \uc624\ub298 \ub0b4 \uc0dd\uc77c\uc774<strong>\uc796\uc544\uc694<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u00a0Well, it is my birthday today.<br \/>\n(The listener also knows this and is being reminded.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>If \u2013\uc796\uc544 is said with a more \u201cwhiny\u201d intonation, it can be taken to be nagging or snappy:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d \uc65c \uc548 \uba39\uc5b4?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Why not eating the seaweed soup?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \ub0b4\uc77c \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc774 \uc788<strong>\uc796\uc544.\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Because I have a test tomorrow (as you know) [why are you asking this].<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u2013\uc796\uc544 is conjugated in the past or future tense:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \ub9c8\ub298\ud558\uace0 \uac04\uc7a5 \uc548 \ub123\uc5b4?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Why not adding garlic and soy sauce?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \uc544\uae4c \ub123\uc5c8<strong>\uc796\uc544<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u00a0Because I already added it [why are you asking this].<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Some Korean speakers frequently use this ending in their speech as a personal speech style, sometimes using it at pauses in the form of\uc788\uc796\uc544, which is often used to open a new conversation:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uc800\uae30, \uc788<strong>\uc796\uc544<\/strong>. \uc5b4\uc81c \uc6b0\ub9ac \uac15\uc544\uc9c0\ub791 \uc0b0\ucc45\ud588\ub294\ub370 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uac15\uc544\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788<strong>\uc796\uc544<\/strong>&#8230;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">You know what? I was taking a walk with my dog and my dog was&#8230;, y&#8217;know&#8230;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Conjugation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This is a simple consonant-type conjugation. Here is a quick review opportunity:<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"shaded\">\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\"><strong>-\uc796\uc544\uc694<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\"><strong>-\uc558\/\uc5c8\uc796\uc544\uc694<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\"><strong>-\uc796\uc544\uc694<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%; text-align: center;\"><strong>-\uc558\/\uc5c8\uc796\uc544\uc694<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub053\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub053\uc774\uc796\uc544\uc694<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uc370\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uad7d\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\uad6c\uc6e0\uc796\uc544\uc694<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubd87\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ub044\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\">\ubd80\uce58\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.6667%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&lt;\ub2f5&gt; \ubcf4\ub0b4 \uc8fc\ub2e4, \uad6c\uc6cc \uc8fc\ub2e4, \uc54c\ub824 \uc8fc\ub2e4, \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc8fc\ub2e4, \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc8fc\ub2e4, \uac00\ub974\uccd0 \uc8fc\ub2e4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. -\uc796\uc544(\uc694)<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-85\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-85\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"85\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Lesson 8 \ubb38\ubc95 1 \uc5f0\uc2b5 2. Causative Verbs\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2. -\uc796\uc544(\uc694)<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Work with a partner. Look at the pictures below and respond to your absent-minded friend using \u2013\uc796\uc544\uc694.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30) <\/strong>\uac00: \uc900\uc218\uac00 \uc65c \ubd88\uc744 \uaebc\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong><\/span> \ub098: \uace0\uae30\uac00 <strong>\ud0c0\uc796\uc544\uc694<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/burnt-meat-in-a-pan.jpg\" alt=\"burnt meat in a pan\" width=\"732\" height=\"476\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1140\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/burnt-meat-in-a-pan.jpg 732w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/burnt-meat-in-a-pan-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/burnt-meat-in-a-pan-65x42.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/burnt-meat-in-a-pan-225x146.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/burnt-meat-in-a-pan-350x228.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 732px) 100vw, 732px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hands-holding-chopsticks-and-flipping-a-Korean-pancake-in-a-pan.jpg\" alt=\"hands holding chopsticks and flipping a Korean pancake in a pan\" width=\"731\" height=\"459\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hands-holding-chopsticks-and-flipping-a-Korean-pancake-in-a-pan.jpg 731w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hands-holding-chopsticks-and-flipping-a-Korean-pancake-in-a-pan-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hands-holding-chopsticks-and-flipping-a-Korean-pancake-in-a-pan-65x41.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hands-holding-chopsticks-and-flipping-a-Korean-pancake-in-a-pan-225x141.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/hands-holding-chopsticks-and-flipping-a-Korean-pancake-in-a-pan-350x220.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 731px) 100vw, 731px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup2.jpg\" alt=\"seaweed soup without salt\" width=\"788\" height=\"295\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1174\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup2.jpg 788w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup2-300x112.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup2-768x288.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup2-65x24.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup2-225x84.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/seaweed-soup2-350x131.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 788px) 100vw, 788px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/two-girls-celebrating-a-birthday.jpg\" alt=\"two girls celebrating a birthday\" width=\"1115\" height=\"937\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/two-girls-celebrating-a-birthday.jpg 1115w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/two-girls-celebrating-a-birthday-300x252.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/two-girls-celebrating-a-birthday-1024x861.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/two-girls-celebrating-a-birthday-768x645.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/two-girls-celebrating-a-birthday-65x55.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/two-girls-celebrating-a-birthday-225x189.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/two-girls-celebrating-a-birthday-350x294.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1115px) 100vw, 1115px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)\u00a0<\/strong>\uace0\uae30\uac00 \ud0c0\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">1. \uc9c0\uae08 \uc804\uc744 \ubd80\uce58\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">2. \uc544\uc9c1 \uc18c\uae08\uc744 \uc548 \ub123\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">3. \ub8f8\uba54\uc774\ud2b8 \uc0dd\uc77c\uc774\ub2e4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/dog-in-the-snow.jpg\" alt=\"dog in the snow\" width=\"772\" height=\"728\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1143\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/dog-in-the-snow.jpg 772w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/dog-in-the-snow-300x283.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/dog-in-the-snow-768x724.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/dog-in-the-snow-65x61.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/dog-in-the-snow-225x212.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/dog-in-the-snow-350x330.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 772px) 100vw, 772px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/bicycle.jpg\" alt=\"bicycle\" width=\"692\" height=\"445\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1131\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/bicycle.jpg 692w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/bicycle-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/bicycle-65x42.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/bicycle-225x145.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/bicycle-350x225.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-with-stack-of-plates-and-letting-out-a-satisfied-sigh.jpg\" alt=\"boy with a stack of plates and letting out a satisfied sigh\" width=\"71\" height=\"99\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1139\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-with-stack-of-plates-and-letting-out-a-satisfied-sigh.jpg 701w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-with-stack-of-plates-and-letting-out-a-satisfied-sigh-215x300.jpg 215w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-with-stack-of-plates-and-letting-out-a-satisfied-sigh-65x91.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-with-stack-of-plates-and-letting-out-a-satisfied-sigh-225x314.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-with-stack-of-plates-and-letting-out-a-satisfied-sigh-350x489.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 71px) 100vw, 71px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/chopsticks-without-a-spoon.jpg\" alt=\"chopsticks without a spoon\" width=\"48\" height=\"103\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1141\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/chopsticks-without-a-spoon.jpg 319w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/chopsticks-without-a-spoon-139x300.jpg 139w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/chopsticks-without-a-spoon-65x140.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/chopsticks-without-a-spoon-225x485.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 48px) 100vw, 48px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">4. \ubc16\uc774 \ucda5\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">5. \uc0c8 \uc790\uc804\uac70\ub97c \uc0c0\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">6. \uc800\ub141 \ubc8c\uc368 \uba39\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">7. \uc21f\uac00\ub77d\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>1. \uac00: \ud560\uba38\ub2c8 \uc0dd\uc2e0\uc778\ub370 \uc804 \uc548 \ubd80\uccd0\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">1.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ____________________________________________.<\/p>\n<p>2. \uac00: \uad6d\uc774 \uc65c \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc2f1\uac70\uc6cc\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">2.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ____________________________________________ .<\/p>\n<p>3. \uac00: \ubbfc\uc6b0\uac00 \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d\uc744 \ub053\uc774\ub124\uc694!<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">3.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ____________________________________________.<\/p>\n<p>4. \uac00: \uc65c \uac15\uc544\uc9c0\ud55c\ud14c \uc637\uc744 \uc785\ud614\uc5b4\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">4.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ____________________________________________ .<\/p>\n<p>5. \uac00: \ub2e4\uc19c\uc774\uac00 \uc624\ub298 \ud558\ub8e8\uc885\uc77c \uc790\uc804\uac70\ub97c \ud0c0\ub124\uc694.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">5.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ____________________________________________ .<\/p>\n<p>6. \uac00: \uc81c\uc774\ub4e0\uc774 \uc65c \uc74c\uc2dd\uc744 \ub0a8\uacbc\uc5b4\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">6.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ____________________________________________ .<\/p>\n<p>7. \uac00: \uc65c \uc0c8\uc6b0\uc804\uc744 \uc548 \uba39\uc5b4\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">7.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ____________________________________________.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3. -\uc796\uc544(\uc694)<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Complete the following dialogues by providing the appropriate repones using \u2013\uc796\uc544\uc694.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> \uac00: \ub9e4\uc77c \uc74c\uc2dd\uc744 \uc0ac\uc11c \uba39\uc5b4\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> <\/span>\ub098: \uc81c\uac00 \uc694\ub9ac\ub97c <strong>\uc798\ubabb\ud558\uc796\uc544\uc694.<\/strong> [\uc694\ub9ac \uc798\ubabb\ud558\ub2e4]<\/p>\n<p>1. \uac00: \uc65c \uc7a1\ucc44\uc5d0 \uc0c8\uc6b0\ub97c \ub123\uc5c8\uc5b4? \ub098\ub294 \uc18c\uace0\uae30\uac00 \uc88b\uc740\ub370\u2026<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">1.<\/span> \ub098: ________________. [\uc5c4\ub9c8\uac00 \uc18c\uace0\uae30\ub97c \uc88b\uc544\ud558\uc2dc\ub2e4]<\/p>\n<p>2. \uac00: \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d \uc2dc\uc791\ud560\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">2.<\/span> \ub098: 10\ubd84\ub9cc \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uc138\uc694. ________________. [\ubbf8\uc5ed\uc774 \uc544\uc9c1 \ub2e4 \uc548 \ubd88\uc5c8\ub2e4]<\/p>\n<p>3. \uac00: \uace0\uae30\uac00 \uc880 \ub35c \uc775\uc5c8\ub124\uc694.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">3.<\/span> \ub098: ________________. [\ub108\ubb34 \uc775\ud78c \uace0\uae30\ub294 \ub9db\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4]<\/p>\n<p>4. \uac00: \uc7a1\ucc44\uc5d0 \uc124\ud0d5\uc744 \ub108\ubb34 \ub9ce\uc774 \ub123\uc9c0 \ub9c8\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">4.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ________________. \uc870\uae08 \ub354 \ub123\uc744\uac8c\uc694. [\uc7a1\ucc44\ub294 \uc880 \ub2ec\uc544\uc57c \ub418\ub2e4]<\/p>\n<p>5. \uac00: \uc65c \ubd88\uc744 \uc904\uc5ec\uc694? \uc544\uc9c1 \ub2e4 \uc548 \uc775\uc5c8\ub294\ub370\u2026<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">5.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ________________. \ubd88 \uc548 \uc904\uc774\uba74 \ud0c8 \uac70\uc608\uc694. [\ubd88\uc774 \ub108\ubb34 \uc138\ub2e4]<\/p>\n<p>6. \uac00: \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc7a1\ucc44\ub3c4 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">6.<\/span> \ub098:\u00a0 ________________. \uc7a1\ucc44 \uc548 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ub3fc\uc694. [\ubd88\uace0\uae30\ud558\uace0 \uc804\uc744 \ub9ce\uc774 \ud588\ub2e4]<\/p>\n<p>7. \uac00: \uc544\uc774\uace0! \uc74c\uc2dd \uc7ac\ub8cc \uac12\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \ub098\uc654\ub124\uc694!<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">7.<\/span> \ub098: \uc7a5\uc744 \uc880 \ub9ce\uc774 \ubd24\uc5b4\uc694. ________________. [\ub0b4\uc77c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc62c \uac70\ub2e4]<\/p>\n<p>8. Create your own dialogue.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">3. N \uc5d0\ub2e4(\uac00) &#8220;Onto,&#8221; In Contact With Noun<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.13\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1422\" height=\"428\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.13\u202fPM.png 1422w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.13\u202fPM-300x90.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.13\u202fPM-1024x308.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.13\u202fPM-768x231.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.13\u202fPM-65x20.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.13\u202fPM-225x68.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.13\u202fPM-350x105.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1422px) 100vw, 1422px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-80\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-80\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"80\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"3.8_G3\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Noun \uc5d0\ub2e4(\uac00) onto, in contact with<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The basic sense of the marker \u2013\ub2e4(\uac00) is contact between two items: one being on top of another or directly touching it.\u00a0 It is combined most often with \uc5d0 as \uc5d0\ub2e4(\uac00).\u00a0 \u2013\ub2e4(\uac00)\u00a0 can only be used with action verbs such as \u201cset\u201d (\ucc28\ub9ac\ub2e4), \u201cleave<em>\u201d<\/em> (\ub450\ub2e4), and \u201clean<em>\u201d<\/em> (\uae30\ub300\ub2e4), and, most frequently, \u201cput<em>\u201d<\/em> (\ub193\ub2e4).\u00a0 It <strong>cannot<\/strong> be used with a stative verb such as \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uaf43\uc744 <strong>\uaf43\ubcd1\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00<\/strong> \uaf42\uc73c\uc138\uc694.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Put flowers in the vase.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d<strong>\uc5d0\ub2e4(\uac00)<\/strong> \ud30c \ub123\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ub3fc?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">May I put green onions into the seaweed soup?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \uc544\ub2c8, \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d<strong>\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00<\/strong> \ud30c\ub97c \ub123\uc73c\uba74 \uc548 \ub3fc.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">No, you may not.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Review: to\/onto<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Korean has different particles that can be translated as \u201cto\u201d in English. Take a moment to review:<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/girl-on-the-phone.jpg\" alt=\"girl on the phone\" width=\"75\" height=\"86\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/girl-on-the-phone.jpg 411w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/girl-on-the-phone-260x300.jpg 260w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/girl-on-the-phone-65x75.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/girl-on-the-phone-225x259.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/girl-on-the-phone-350x404.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 75px) 100vw, 75px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/watering-can-watering-a-tulip.jpg\" alt=\"watering can watering a tulip\" width=\"81\" height=\"103\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1184\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/watering-can-watering-a-tulip.jpg 861w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/watering-can-watering-a-tulip-237x300.jpg 237w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/watering-can-watering-a-tulip-808x1024.jpg 808w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/watering-can-watering-a-tulip-768x973.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/watering-can-watering-a-tulip-65x82.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/watering-can-watering-a-tulip-225x285.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/watering-can-watering-a-tulip-350x443.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 81px) 100vw, 81px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-giving-a-gift-to-a-girl.jpg\" alt=\"boy giving a gift to a girl\" width=\"1631\" height=\"1060\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1137\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-giving-a-gift-to-a-girl.jpg 1631w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-giving-a-gift-to-a-girl-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-giving-a-gift-to-a-girl-1024x666.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-giving-a-gift-to-a-girl-768x499.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-giving-a-gift-to-a-girl-1536x998.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-giving-a-gift-to-a-girl-65x42.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-giving-a-gift-to-a-girl-225x146.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-giving-a-gift-to-a-girl-350x227.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1631px) 100vw, 1631px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-conversing-with-his-grandmother.jpg\" alt=\"boy converesing with his grandmother\" width=\"831\" height=\"511\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1136\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-conversing-with-his-grandmother.jpg 831w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-conversing-with-his-grandmother-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-conversing-with-his-grandmother-768x472.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-conversing-with-his-grandmother-65x40.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-conversing-with-his-grandmother-225x138.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/boy-conversing-with-his-grandmother-350x215.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 831px) 100vw, 831px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc9d1<strong>\uc5d0(\ub2e4\uac00)<\/strong> \uc804\ud654\ud574 \ubcf4\uc138\uc694.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uaf43<strong>\uc5d0<\/strong> \ubb3c\uc744 \uc8fc\uc138\uc694.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uce5c\uad6c<strong>\ud55c\ud14c<\/strong> \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \uc92c\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ud560\uba38\ub2c8<strong>\uaed8<\/strong> \ub9d0\uc500\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc138\uc694.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">Call your home.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">Water your flower.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">I gave a gift to my friend.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">Talk to your granmother.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. -\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%; text-align: center;\">\ub0c4\ube44<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%; text-align: center;\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%; text-align: center;\">\ub0c9\uc7a5\uace0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%; text-align: center;\">\ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%; text-align: center;\">\ub5a1\ubcf6\uc774<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%; text-align: center;\">\ube44\ube54\ubc25<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%; text-align: center;\">\ud30c<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%; text-align: center;\">\uac00\ubc29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>(\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> <strong>\ucc45\uc0c1\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00<\/strong>\u00a0\ucc45\uc744 \ub193\uc544 \uc8fc\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-87\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-87\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"87\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Lesson 8 \ubb38\ubc95 3 \uc5f0\uc2b5 1. -\uc5d0\ub2e4(\uac00)\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>\ud734\ub300\ud3f0: cell phone<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2. -\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><strong>\uadf8\ub807\uac8c <\/strong><strong>\ud558\uba74 <\/strong><strong>\uc548 <\/strong><strong>\ub3fc\uc694! <\/strong>Tell your classmate not to do what they are trying to do. Use \u2013\uc5d0\ub2e4(\uac00).<\/p>\n<p><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> \uac00: \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d\uc5d0 \ud30c\ub97c \ub123\uc5b4\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ub9db\ubcf4\uae30)<\/strong> <\/span>\ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694. \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d<strong>\uc5d0\ub2e4<\/strong> \ud30c\ub97c \ub123\uc73c\uba74 \uc548 \ub3fc\uc694.<\/p>\n<p>1. \uac00: \uc774 \ud654\ubd84\uc5d0 \ubb3c\uc744 \uc904\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">1.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694,\u00a0 \uadf8 \ud654\ubd84___________________________.<\/p>\n<p>2. \uac00: \uc5ec\uae30 \uace0\ucd94\uc7a5\uc744 \ub123\uc744\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">2.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694,\u00a0 \ubd88\uace0\uae30___________________________.<\/p>\n<p>3. \uac00: \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc744 \ub0b4 \uc55e\uc5d0 \ud0dc\uc6cc\ub3c4 \ub420\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">3.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694,\u00a0 \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc744 \uc2a4\ucfe0\ud130___________________________.<\/p>\n<p>4. \uac00: \uc9d1 \uc55e\uc5d0 \ucc28\ub97c \uc138\uc6cc\ub3c4 \uad1c\ucc2e\uc544\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">4.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694,\u00a0 \uc9d1 \uc55e___________________________.<\/p>\n<p>5. \uac00: \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ud32c\uc5d0 \ub41c\uc7a5\ucc0c\uac1c\ub97c \ub053\uc5ec\ub3c4 \ub420\uae4c?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">5.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8,\u00a0 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ud32c___________________________.<\/p>\n<p>6. \uac00: \ub77c\uba74\uc5d0 \uc18c\uae08\uc744 \uc880 \ub123\uc744\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">6.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694! \ub77c\uba74___________________________.<\/p>\n<p>7. \uac00: \uc2e0\uccad\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc8fc\uc18c\ub97c \uc801\uc744\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">7.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694! \uc2e0\uccad\uc11c___________________________.<\/p>\n<p>8. \uac00: \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc0c8\uc6b0\ub97c \ub123\uc744\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">8.<\/span> \ub098: \uc544\ub2c8\uc694! \uc800\ub294 \uc0c8\uc6b0 \uc54c\ub808\ub974\uae30\uac00 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d______________________.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>\uc2a4\ucfe0\ud130: scooter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3. -\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><strong>\uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c <\/strong><strong>\ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc694? <\/strong>Your friend wants to make \ub77c\uba74 and is asking you to explain how to make it. Provide detailed instructions using \u2013\uc5d0\ub2e4(\uac00) as needed.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/pot-of-ramyun.jpg\" alt=\"pot of ramyun\" width=\"395\" height=\"326\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/pot-of-ramyun.jpg 1078w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/pot-of-ramyun-300x247.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/pot-of-ramyun-1024x844.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/pot-of-ramyun-768x633.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/pot-of-ramyun-65x54.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/pot-of-ramyun-225x186.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/pot-of-ramyun-350x289.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 395px) 100vw, 395px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">4. \uc885\ud569 \uc5f0\uc2b5 Role Play<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Create a role play with your partner using the key grammar expressions and new vocabulary from this lesson. Include 5 to 6 meaningful rounds of dialogue. Take turns and feel free to add details to make the conversation lively.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Context:<\/strong> Two friends are discussing the upcoming birthday party of their mutual friend. Decide on the food dishes they will prepare and discuss the detailed instructions for making those dishes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Participants: <\/strong>Two friends who have a mutual friend.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Key Expressions:<\/strong> Causative verbs, \u2013\uc796\uc544(\uc694), NOUN\u2013\uc5d0\ub2e4(\uac00)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sample dialogue:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"h5p-82\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-82\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"82\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"3.8_Dialogue\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.23\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1408\" height=\"274\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.23\u202fPM.png 1408w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.23\u202fPM-300x58.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.23\u202fPM-1024x199.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.23\u202fPM-768x149.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.23\u202fPM-65x13.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.23\u202fPM-225x44.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.23\u202fPM-350x68.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1408px) 100vw, 1408px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.30\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1406\" height=\"272\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.30\u202fPM.png 1406w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.30\u202fPM-300x58.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.30\u202fPM-1024x198.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.30\u202fPM-768x149.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.30\u202fPM-65x13.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.30\u202fPM-225x44.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.30\u202fPM-350x68.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1406px) 100vw, 1406px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.37\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1406\" height=\"274\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1212\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.37\u202fPM.png 1406w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.37\u202fPM-300x58.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.37\u202fPM-1024x200.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.37\u202fPM-768x150.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.37\u202fPM-65x13.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.37\u202fPM-225x44.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.37\u202fPM-350x68.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1406px) 100vw, 1406px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.46\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1404\" height=\"264\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.46\u202fPM.png 1404w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.46\u202fPM-300x56.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.46\u202fPM-1024x193.png 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.46\u202fPM-768x144.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.46\u202fPM-65x12.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.46\u202fPM-225x42.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-12-18-at-5.44.46\u202fPM-350x66.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1404px) 100vw, 1404px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a id=\"L8Tasks\"><\/a>\ud574 \ubd10\uc694! Let&#8217;s Cook!<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Interpretive Task 1. \ub4e3\uae30<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Next Saturday is Dami\u2019s birthday. So, Willow wants to cook a special birthday dish for her roommate Dami. So Willow asks Hoyoung how to cook that dish. Listen to the dialogue and answer\u00a0in English.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-81\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-81\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"81\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"3.8_Listening\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ol>\n<li>What kind of dish does Willow want to cook for Dami\u2019s birthday?<\/li>\n<li>Willow wrote down Hoyoung\u2019s direction. What is the direction?\n<ol>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Helpful Vocabulary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>NOUN \uc815\ub3c4: about NOUN<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Interpretive &amp; Interpersonal Task 2. \uc77d\uace0 \uc4f0\uae30<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Butter and Soy Sauce Rice Recipe<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Daniel is craving one of his best childhood dishes. Share his recipe in English (or other languages) to introduce it widely in an English\u2013speaking (or multilingual) community. Try on your own as much as you can and then use a dictionary if needed.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\ubc84\ud130 \uac04\uc7a5 \uacc4\ub780\ubc25<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/fried-egg-on-rice.jpg\" alt=\"fried egg on rice\" width=\"433\" height=\"265\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/fried-egg-on-rice.jpg 994w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/fried-egg-on-rice-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/fried-egg-on-rice-768x470.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/fried-egg-on-rice-65x40.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/fried-egg-on-rice-225x138.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/files\/2024\/12\/fried-egg-on-rice-350x214.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\uba3c\uc800 \uacc4\ub780\ud6c4\ub77c\uc774 2\uac1c \uc900\ube44\ud558\uc138\uc694. (\uacc4\ub780 \ud6c4\ub77c\uc774\ub97c \ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \ub178\ub978\uc790\ub97c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub2e4 \uc775\ud600\ub3c4 \uc88b\uace0, \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uc0b6\uc740 \uacc4\ub780\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574\ub3c4 \uad1c\ucc2e\uc544\uc694)<\/li>\n<li>\ub530\ub048\ud55c \ubc25 \uc704\uc5d0 \ubc84\ud130 2 \uc870\uac01\uc744 \uc62c\ub9ac\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\n<li>\uadf8\ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0 \ubc25 \uc704\uc5d0 \uacc4\ub780\ud6c4\ub77c\uc774\ub97c \uc62c\ub9ac\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\n<li>\uadf8 \uc704\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00 \uac04\uc7a5 1\uc21f\uac00\ub77d\uc744 \ub123\uc5b4 \uc8fc\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\n<li>\uace8\uace0\ub8e8 \uc798 \ube44\ube44\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\n<li>\ub05d\uc5d0 \ucc38\uae30\ub984 \ud55c\ub450 \ubc29\uc6b8\ud558\uace0 \uae68\uc18c\uae08\ub3c4 \uc870\uae08 \ub123\uc73c\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\n<li>\uae40\uc774\ub098 \ud30c\ub3c4 \uc88b\uc544\ud558\uba74 \ub354\ud574 \ubcf4\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\n<li>\uae40\uce58\ub098 \ub2e8\ubb34\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uc73c\uba74 \ud568\uaed8 \ub9db\uc788\uac8c \ub4dc\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\ubb3c\ub860 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc7ac\ub8cc\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc18c\uace0\uae30, \ub2ed\uace0\uae30, \ud574\ubb3c, \uc57c\ucc44, \ubc84\uc12f \ub4f1\uc744 \ub354\ud574\uc11c \ub9db\uacfc \uc601\uc591\uc744 \uc990\uaca8\ubcf4\uc138\uc694!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Helpful Vocabulary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\uae68\uc18c\uae08 sesame seed<\/p>\n<p>\uace8\uace0\ub8e8 evenly<\/p>\n<p>\uacc4\ub780 \ud6c4\ub77c\uc774 fried egg<\/p>\n<p>\ube44\ube44\ub2e4 to mix<\/p>\n<p>\ub178\ub978\uc790 egg yolk<\/p>\n<p>\ubc29\uc6b8 drop<\/p>\n<p>\uc0b6\ub2e4 to boil<\/p>\n<p>\ubc84\uc12f mushrooms<\/p>\n<p>\ub530\ub048\ud558\ub2e4 warm<\/p>\n<p>\uc601\uc591 nutrition<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">_______________________________<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Interpersonal &amp; Presentational Task 3. \ub9d0\ud558\uace0 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud558\uae30<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>My Comfort Food<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">With your friends, talk about your comfort food.What is it called? How do you cook it? What does it taste like? What ingredients are in it?, and so on.<\/li>\n<li>Share your favorite recipe in as much detail as you can. (Utilize cooking and food related vocabulary and expression you learned in this lesson.) Also, you may show a photo of the dish and tell your story or memory related to it.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"textbox\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">My comfort food: ________________________<\/p>\n<p>Ingredients:<\/p>\n<p>Recipe:<\/p>\n<p>Related story or memory:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><a id=\"L8Culture\"><\/a>\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\uc640 \ud55c\uad6d \ubb38\ud654 Korean Flavors<\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Language Point: \ubd84\ub958\uc0ac Counters<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Sino\u2013Korean numbers (\uc77c, \uc774, \uc0bc, \uc0ac, \uc624\u2026) are in general used for <strong>naming<\/strong><em>,<\/em> whereas Native Korean numbers (\ud558\ub098, \ub458, \uc14b, \ub137, \ub2e4\uc12f\u2026) are used for <strong>counting<\/strong>. Here are some examples for naming:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \uadf8 \ud615\ub3c4 \uc774 \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8\ucd0c\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uc9c0?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">He also lives in this apartment complex, no?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \uc751. <strong>\uc0bc \ub3d9 \uc0bc\uacf5\uc0bc \ud638(\uc2e4)<\/strong>\uc5d0\uc694.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Right. Building Three, apartment (room) number <em>303<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>However, certain words, because they are Sino\u2013based, must be counted with Sino\u2013Korean numbers:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \ubb58\ub85c \ud558\uc2dc\uaca0\uc5b4\uc694?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">What would you like?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \uac08\ube44 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\uc77c <strong>\uc778\ubd84<\/strong><\/span>\ub9cc \uc8fc\uc138\uc694<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u00a0I would like one serving (one person&#8217;s worth) of \uac08\ube44.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>You can also see the same counter used with both kinds of numbers, where the number follows the pattern of naming versus counting:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ucef4\ud4e8\ud130 \uac8c\uc784 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\ud55c <strong>\ubc88<\/strong><\/span>\ub9cc \ub354 \ud558\uc790.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Let\u2019s do just one more round of a computer game. (counting)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uc774 \uc218\ud559 \ubb38\uc81c <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\uc77c <strong>\ubc88<\/strong><\/span>\uc740 \ub108\ubb34 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6cc\u2026<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Question One (naming) of this math problem is too difficult\u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub0b4\uc77c \uc219\uc81c\ub294 \uc6cc\ud06c\ubd81 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\uc138<\/strong> \ucabd<\/span>\uc774\uc5d0\uc694.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Homework for tomorrow is three pages of the workbook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub0b4\uc77c \uc219\uc81c\ub294 \uc6cc\ud06c\ubd81 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\uc0bc<\/strong> \ucabd<\/span>\uc774\uc5d0\uc694.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Homework for tomorrow is Page 3 in the workbook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Sometimes, slightly different counters are used with the same or a similar word for different meanings:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ud55c <strong>\uc2dc<\/strong> vs. \ud55c <strong>\uc2dc\uac04<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">1 o\u2019clock vs. 1 hour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uc0bc <strong>\uc6d4<\/strong> vs. \uc0bc <strong>\uac1c\uc6d4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">March (month 3) vs. 3 months<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>For telling time, both kinds of numbers are used mixed. This is because months, days, and hours are treated like names, whereas minutes and seconds are counted!<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \uc624\ub298\uc774 \uba87 \uc6d4 \uba70\uce60\uc774\uc9c0\uc694?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">What&#8217;s the date today?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \uc2ed \uc774<strong>\uc6d4<\/strong> \uc2ed \uc774<strong>\uc77c<\/strong>\uc774\uc5d0\uc694.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u00a0December 12th.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \uc9c0\uae08 \uba87 \uc2dc \uba87 \ubd84\uc774\uc5d0\uc694?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">What time is it now?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \ub124 <strong>\uc2dc<\/strong> \uc0ac <strong>\ubd84<\/strong> \uc0ac <strong>\ucd08<\/strong>\uc608\uc694.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u00a004:04:04.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Most counters are, however, safely used with Native Korean numbers:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\uac00: \ubaa8\ub450 \uba87 <strong>\ubd84<\/strong>\uc774\uc138\uc694?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">How many of you?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\ub098: \uc804\ubd80 \ub2e4\uc12f <strong>\uba85\/\uc0ac\ub78c<\/strong>\uc774\uc5d0\uc694.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u00a05 in all.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Here are some counters in context:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\uac00: \uadf8\uac70 \uc0dd\uc218\uc57c? \ub098, \ubb3c \ud55c <strong>\ubaa8\uae08<\/strong>\ub9cc \ub9c8\uc2dc\uc790.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\ub098: \uadf8\ub798. \uc774 \ucef5\uc5d0\ub2e4 \ud55c <strong>\uc794<\/strong> \ub9c8\uc154.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\uac00: \uac15\uc544\uc9c0 \ud55c <strong>\ub9c8\ub9ac<\/strong>\ub97c \ub370\ub824\uc654\ub294\ub370 \uc544\uc8fc \uc7a5\ub09c\uc774 \uc2ec\ud574. \ub0b4 \uc2e0\ubc1c\ub3c4 \ud55c <strong>\uc9dd<\/strong> \ubb3c\uc5b4 \ub72f\uc5b4 \ub1a8\uc5b4.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\ub098: \ub098\uba38\uc9c0 \ud55c <strong>\uc9dd<\/strong>\ub3c4 \uc918. \ud55c \ucf24\ub808 \ub2e4 \uba39\uc5b4\uc57c \ubc30\uac00 \ucc28\uc9c0.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\uc774 \uac1c\uc6d4\ub9cc \uc788\uc73c\uba74 \ub0b4 \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc740 20<strong>\uc0b4<\/strong>\uc758 \uc131\uc778\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \ub3d9\uc0dd \uc0dd\uc77c\uc5d0 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc7ac\ubbf8\uc788\ub294 \uc18c\uc124 \ud55c <strong>\uad8c<\/strong>\uc774\ub791 \uce74\ub4dc \ud55c <strong>\uc7a5<\/strong>, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc88b\uc740 \ud39c \uba87 <strong>\uc790\ub8e8<\/strong>\ub97c \uc0ac \uc8fc\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0dd\uac01\uac19\uc544\uc11c\ub294 \uc9d1\uc744 \ud55c <strong>\ucc44<\/strong> \uc0ac \uc8fc\uac70\ub098 \ucc28\ub97c \ud55c <strong>\ub300<\/strong> \uc0ac \uc8fc\uace0 \uc2f6\uc9c0\ub9cc\u2026 \ub3c8\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5b4\uc11c \uadf8\ub7f0 \ud070 \uc120\ubb3c\uc740 \ubabb \ud574 \uc8fc\ub2c8\uae4c \ub9e5\uc8fc\ub098 \uba87 <strong>\uc794<\/strong> \uc0ac\uc8fc\uace0 \uc6a9\ub3c8\uc774\ub098 \uba87 \uc2ed\ub9cc <strong>\uc6d0<\/strong> \uc918\uc57c\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Do you know these?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\ubd09\uc9c0\/\ubd09\ud22c\/\uc0c1\uc790\/\ubc15\uc2a4<\/li>\n<li>\uc1a1\uc774\/\ub2e4\ubc1c\/\ub2e8\/\uadf8\ub8e8(\ud55c) \ub2ec<\/li>\n<li>\ubaa8\uae08\/\uc785<\/li>\n<li>\uc90c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Look where these counters came from!<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\ubaa8\uae08 for <em>sip<\/em> comes from \ubaa9 (throat)<\/li>\n<li>\uc90c for <em>fistful, handful<\/em> comes from \uc8fc\uba39 (fist)<\/li>\n<li>\uc228 for <em>breath<\/em> comes from \uc26c\ub2e4 (breathe)<\/li>\n<li>\ub9c8\ub514 for <em>words\/speech<\/em> is related to\ub9d0 (words). Which way?!!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\ud55c\uad6d \ubb38\ud654 \uae38\uc7a1\uc774<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Korean Cuisine<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>What key elements (or staple food items) make up the Korean table? Traditionally, the usual table consists of the following:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ubc25<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">cooked rice (also means meal)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uad6d<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">soup<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ucc0c\uac1c<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">Korean stew<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ubc18\ucc2c<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">side dishes (including&#8230;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uae40\uce58<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">kimchi<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ub098\ubb3c<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\u00a0cooked vegetables<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc21f\uac00\ub77d<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">spoon<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc813\uac00\ub77d<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">chopsticks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\ubc25 \uadf8\ub987, \uacf5\uae30<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">bowl for rice<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uad6d\uadf8\ub987<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">bowl for soup<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Although Korean cuisine has been influenced by western and other international cuisines, traditional Korean cuisine is generally much less greasy or fatty than American food, with the exception of certain meat dishes, such as \uc0bc\uacb9\uc0b4 and certain common marinated beef dishes. Serving sizes (of everything!) are much smaller than in North America, and Korean cooking involves much less deep frying and makes use of less fatty dairy products.\u00a0 A great number of vegetables go into Korean dishes, and of course, \ubc18\ucc2c are most often made from vegetables\u2013\u2013the pickled ones help cut the grease of accompanying meat.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, Koreans tend to eat fewer sweets, and the sweets they do eat are often naturally sweet (such as sweet potatoes and pumpkin), or they just use less sugar. You might have heard the expression that \u201c\uc548 \ub2ec\uc544\uc11c \ub9db\uc788\ub2e4\u201d which praises a dessert being not so sweet and thus tasting good! Korean people do not usually eat sweets for dessert, either; if anything, they have fruit for dessert. Just a slice of watermelon or a wedge of orange tops off a Korean meal nicely! Many restaurants will serve perhaps only a slice of orange, not so much as dessert as a palate cleanser or breath freshener, perhaps.\u00a0 Sweets are consumed as \uac04\uc2dd or \uc8fc\uc804\ubd80\ub9ac (snacks).<\/p>\n<p>\ucc44\uc2dd\uc8fc\uc758 (Vegetarianism) is now at least known in Korea, though you might still encounter bewilderment in some restaurants when trying to ask for strictly vegetarian dishes (e.g. \uae40\uce58\ucc0c\uac1cthat is NOT made with fish sauce\u2013\u2013you can find this kind of\u00a0 \uae40\uce58 in Buddhist temples).<\/p>\n<p>When setting the Korean table, rice and soup are set at each person\u2019s place, and other \u00a0foods are\u00a0 placed in the center. Main dishes generally used to be eaten communally, or by putting small portions into one\u2019s rice bowl, but nowadays, a lot of people use their individual plate or bowl for main dishes. Note that Koreans do not move dishes around at the table. Explore and learn Korean table manners using online resources!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.naver.com\/PostView.nhn?blogId=haechiseoul&amp;logNo=221569606737&amp;categoryNo=1&amp;parentCategoryNo=0\">https:\/\/blog.naver.com\/PostView.nhn?blogId=haechiseoul&amp;logNo=221569606737&amp;categoryNo=1&amp;parentCategoryNo=0<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><a id=\"L8Async\"><\/a>\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694! I Got This!<\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Check to see if you can do the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use causative verbs to talk about a recipe.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; word-spacing: normal;\">Give simple directions about how to prepare Korean dishes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Listening Script<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-81\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-81\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"81\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"3.8_Listening\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\ud638\uc601: \uc774\uc81c \uace7 \ub2e4\ubbf8 \uc0dd\uc77c\uc774\uc796\uc544. \uc6b0\ub9ac \ud30c\ud2f0\ud574 \uc904\uae4c?<\/p>\n<p>\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uc5b4, \ub9de\uc544. \ub2e4\uc74c \ud1a0\uc694\uc77c\uc774\uc57c. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d \ub053\uc5ec\uc8fc\uace0 \uc2f6\uc740\ub370. \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub053\uc774\ub294\uc9c0 \uc54c\uc544?<\/p>\n<p>\ud638\uc601: \uc5b4, \ubb3c\ub860\uc774\uc9c0. \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc5c4\ub9c8\ud55c\ud14c\uc11c \ubc30\uc6e0\uc5b4. \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc5c4\ub9c8\uac00 \uc18c\uace0\uae30\ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d \uc9c4\uc9dc \ub9db\uc788\uac8c \ub053\uc774\uc2dc\uac70\ub4e0.<\/p>\n<p>\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uadf8\ub798? \uadfc\ub370 \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6cc?<\/p>\n<p>\ud638\uc601: \uc544\ub2c8, \uc9c4\uc9dc \uc26c\uc6cc.<\/p>\n<p>\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uadf8\ub7fc \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ubd10\uc57c\uc9c0. \uc7a0\uae50, \uc880 \uc801\uc744\uac8c. \uc900\ube44\ub410\ub2e4. \uac00\ub974\uccd0 \uc918.<\/p>\n<p>\ud638\uc601: \uba3c\uc800, \ubbf8\uc5ed\uc744 \ubb3c\uc5d0 10\ubd84 \uc815\ub3c4 \ubd88\ub9b0 \ub2e4\uc74c \ubb3c\uc744 \ube7c.<\/p>\n<p>\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uc5b4, \uc54c\uc558\uc5b4.<\/p>\n<p>\ud638\uc601: \uadf8 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0, \ub0c4\ube44\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00 \uc18c\uace0\uae30\ub97c \ub123\uace0 \ubcf6\uc544\uc11c \uc775\ud600. \uc18c\uace0\uae30\uac00 \ub2e4 \uc775\uc73c\uba74 \uac70\uae30\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00 \ucc38\uae30\ub984\ud558\uace0 \ub9c8\ub298, \ubbf8\uc5ed\uc744 \ub123\uace0 \uac19\uc774 \ubcf6\uc544.<\/p>\n<p>\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uc5bc\ub9c8 \ub3d9\uc548 \ubcf6\uc544?<\/p>\n<p>\ud638\uc601: \uc5b4, 2, 3\ubd84 \uc815\ub3c4 \uc7a0\uae50 \ubcf6\uc73c\uba74 \ub3fc. \ud0dc\uc6b0\uc9c0 \ub9c8.<\/p>\n<p>\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uc54c\uc558\uc5b4. 2, 3\ubd84 \uc815\ub3c4?<\/p>\n<p>\ud638\uc601: \uc5b4, \uadf8 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0 \ucc2c \ubb3c\uc744 \ub123\uace0 \ub053\uc5ec. \ud55c\ubc88 \ub053\uc73c\uba74 \ubd88\uc744 \uc904\uc774\uace0 20\ubd84 \uc815\ub3c4 \ub053\uc5ec\uc57c \ub3fc.<\/p>\n<p>\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uc7a0\uae50 \uc7a0\uae50! \uc880 \ucc9c\ucc9c\ud788 \ub9d0\ud574 \ubd10. \uc5bc\ub9c8 \uc815\ub3c4 \ub053\uc5ec?<\/p>\n<p>\ud638\uc601: 20\ubd84 \uc815\ub3c4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: 20\ubd84, \uc54c\uc558\uc5b4! \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc18c\uae08\uc740 \uc5b8\uc81c \ub123\uc5b4\uc57c \ub3fc?<\/p>\n<p>\ud638\uc601: \uc18c\uae08\uc740 \ub123\uc9c0 \ub9d0\uace0 \uad6d\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00 \uad6d\uac04\uc7a5\uc744 \ub123\uc5b4\uc57c \ub3fc.<\/p>\n<p>\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uad6d\uac04\uc7a5? \uba87 \uc21f\uac00\ub77d \ub123\uc5b4\uc57c \ub3fc?<\/p>\n<p>\ud638\uc601: \uae00\uc384\u2026 \uadf8\ub0e5 \uba39\uc5b4 \ubcf4\uace0 \uc548 \uc2f1\uac70\uc6b8 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub123\uc73c\uba74 \ub3fc.<\/p>\n<p>\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uc74c, \uc880 \uc5b4\ub835\ub124.<\/p>\n<p>\ud638\uc601: \uc544\ub2c8\uc57c, \uc26c\uc6cc. \ud574\ubd10<\/p>\n<p>\uc70c\ub85c\uc6b0: \uc54c\uc558\uc5b4. \ud574 \ubcfc\uac8c!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a><\/a>\uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ud574 \ubd10\uc694! Now You Try!<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3wb\/chapter\/lesson8\/\">8\uacfc Workbook Link<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3tasks\/chapter\/lesson8\/\">8\uacfc Communicative Tasks Link<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"YSK3_L8","pb_subtitle":"\ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc0dd\uc77c\ub0a0 \ubbf8\uc5ed\uad6d \uba39\uc796\uc544\uc694.","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[55],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1121"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1480,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1121\/revisions\/1480"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1121\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1121"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1121"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}