{"id":1987,"date":"2023-06-06T15:46:11","date_gmt":"2023-06-06T15:46:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1987"},"modified":"2025-05-10T04:34:36","modified_gmt":"2025-05-10T04:34:36","slug":"lesson0_pre1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/chapter\/lesson0_pre1\/","title":{"raw":"Preliminaries I | \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uae30 I","rendered":"Preliminaries I | \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uae30 I"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Preliminaries I | \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uae30 I<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/preliminaries-i\/#p1\">1. Greetings<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/preliminaries-i\/#p2\">2. Deference in Korean Culture<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/preliminaries-i\/#p3\">3. \ud55c\uae00 The Korean Alphabet<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1wb\/chapter\/preliminaries-1\/\">Preliminaries I Workbook Link<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox\"><a href=\"https:\/\/quizlet.com\/519533600\/preliminaries-1-basic-vowels-flash-cards\/\">Access the Quizlet<\/a><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"> <a id=\"p1\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><\/a>1. GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTIONS<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<h2><strong>When Meeting a New Friend<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.38.03-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1898 aligncenter\" width=\"488\" height=\"325\" \/>\r\n<h2>[h5p id=\"11\"] <strong>When Meeting a New Teacher<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.37.20-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1899 \" width=\"518\" height=\"325\" \/>\r\n<h2>[h5p id=\"12\"]<strong>When Leaving a Classroom<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<div><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.38.19-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1897 \" width=\"507\" height=\"272\" \/><\/div>\r\n<div>[h5p id=\"13\"]<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>New Vocabulary and Expressions<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"font-weight: normal; width: 101.422%; height: 176px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 52px;\">\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694?\r\n\r\n<em>Annyeonghaseyo<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 52px;\">Hello.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 52px;\">\uc548\ub155\ud788 \uac00\uc138\uc694.\r\n\r\n<em>Annyeonghi gaseyo<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 52px;\">Goodbye (to a person\r\nwho is leaving).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 80px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 37px;\">(\ub9cc\ub098\uc11c) \ubc18\uac11\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\r\n<em>(Mannaseo) Bangapseumnida<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 37px;\">Nice to meet you.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 37px;\">\uc548\ub155\ud788 \uacc4\uc138\uc694.\r\n\r\n<em>Annyeonghi gyeseyo<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 37px;\">Goodbye (to a person\r\nwho is staying).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 111px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 77px;\">\uc798 \ubd80\ud0c1 \ub4dc\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4\r\n\r\n<em>Jal butakdeurimnida<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 77px;\">I'll be obliged to you.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 77px;\">\uc528\r\n\r\n<em>ssi<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 77px;\">Mr.\/Ms.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 54px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 10px;\">NAME\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4\r\n\r\nNAME<em>imnida<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 10px;\">am\/is\/are NAME<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 10px;\">\uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\r\n\r\n<em>seonsaengnim<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 10px;\">teacher<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\ub2e8\uc5b4 \uba54\ubaa8\uc9c0 Vocabulary Notes<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Greetings in Korean<\/strong>\r\n<p class=\"indent no-indent\">Formality and social hierarchy matter greatly in Korean culture, and the language is a barometer of the practice. In the first few lessons of this book, you will be learning polite ways of addressing people and introducing yourself.<\/p>\r\n\"\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694? <em>Annyeonghaseyo?\"<\/em> is a light-hearted greeting, hello, that can be used all day.\r\n\r\n\"\ubc18\uac11\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. B<em>angapseumnida <\/em>(literally, I am pleased).\" is a phrase used to express that you are happy to meet someone. If it is the first time you are meeting the person, the full phrase is more appropriate: \ub9cc\ub098\uc11c \ubc18\uac11\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 <em>Mannaseo bangapseumnida <\/em>(Pleased to meet you).\r\n\r\n\"\uc798 \ubd80\ud0c1\ub4dc\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4. <em>Jal butakdeurimnida.\" <\/em>is a humble expression that lets the other person know that you are recognizing them as someone with more experience or know-how, who can potentially help you be looked after in the community. In a sense, you are saying, \"I'm entrusting myself to you.\"\r\n\r\n<strong>2. NAME<span>\u2013<\/span>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4 <em>imnida<\/em>.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn Korean, the subject can be dropped, as long as the speaker and the listener know who is being talked about. So, you can just say \"NAME\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4 <em>imnida<\/em>\" to introduce yourself. It means \"(I) am NAME.\"\r\n\r\n<strong>3. \uc528\u00a0<em>ssi.<\/em><\/strong>\r\n\r\n\"\uc528 <em>ssi<\/em>\" is used after a first name or a full name as a formal way to address people politely. In written form, there is always a space before \uc528 <em>ssi<\/em>.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\uc740\ube44 \uc528 <em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Eunbi ssi<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li>\ubc15\uc740\ube44 \uc528 <em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Park <\/em><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Eunbi ssi<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIt is roughly equivalent to Mr. or Ms. in English, but there are two important differences between the Korean \uc528 <em>ssi<\/em> and English Mr. or Ms. First, the expression \u201cname \uc528 <em>ssi<\/em>\u201d can only be used when you are talking to or about your equals, such as colleagues and friends. <span style=\"color: #000000;\">And <strong>do not refer to yourself using the word \uc528 <em>ssi<\/em><\/strong>! Sec<\/span>ondly, you should not address someone using his or her last name + \uc528 <em>ssi<\/em>. For example, \uae40 \uc528 Kim <em>ssi<\/em> is NOT a polite way to address Mr. Kim or Ms. Kim in Korea! You will learn other ways to address people respectfully in later lessons.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1.\u00a0Greetings and Introductions<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2021\/06\/IMG_3548-1024x651.jpeg\" alt=\"two girls greeting each other\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-854 \" width=\"395\" height=\"251\" \/>\r\n\r\nGreet your friend using expressions you have just learned. Don't forget to introduce yourself to them.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2. Greetings and Introductions<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nWhat would you say in the following situations? Practice with your partner.\r\n\r\n1) What would you say if you met a teacher in the street (say hello to them)?\r\n\r\n2) What would you say if you were leaving the classroom and wanted to say goodbye to your friend?\r\n\r\n3) What would you say if your friend were leaving your home and you wanted to say goodbye to them?\r\n\r\n4) What would you say if you met a new friend at a party and wanted to ask their name?\r\n\r\n5) What would you say if you also wanted to introduce yourself to that friend?\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"> <a id=\"p2\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><\/a>2. DEFERENCE IN KOREAN CULTURE<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<h2><strong>Politeness and Respect<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nWith older people (as well as teachers), Koreans speak and act with deference and respect. Family history, ancestors, and parents play a central role in Korean culture. Along with schooling, connections are very important in advancing one\u2019s career and social standing. Therefore, one\u2019s parents must be respected, and you should respect other older people too, lest they judge your family according to your behavior. Whatever the origins or basis for the system, Koreans show respect for their elders and superiors in many ways. Here are a few ways you can show proper respect:\r\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Two Hands:<\/span><\/h4>\r\nAlways give and receive using both hands and full attention.\r\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Bowing:<\/span><\/h4>\r\nGreet elders with a bow. The first time you see them, it should be a full 45\u00b0 bow, from the waist and with your arms at your sides. Afterward, you should still bow, but less deeply, gradually becoming a nod. Do not make eye contact, as this will appear defiant.\r\n\r\nAdditionally, there is traditional bowing (\uc138\ubc30 <em>sebae<\/em>) at the new year, wherein youngsters make a full ceremonial bow, on their knees, to the floor \u2014 and then receive a blessing and a monetary allowance (\uc138\ubc43\ub3c8 <em>sebaetdon<\/em>) from their elders.\r\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Honorifics:<\/span><\/h4>\r\nDeference for one\u2019s elders and superiors shows in the language, which has a system of marking politeness and social distance on its verbs, as well as an honorifics system (words and conjugations) that honors others and humbles oneself.\r\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Teachers:<\/span><\/h4>\r\nWith a Korean teacher, always give and receive papers and objects with two hands, and always show deference to the \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8 <em>seonsaengnim<\/em>. \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8 <em>seonsaengnim<\/em> is a highly respected title in Korea that stays with the person even when they are no longer your current teacher. Students\u2019 parents, past students, and even the teacher\u2019s colleagues will always address a teacher as \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8 <em>seonsaengnim<\/em> and show proper respect. In fact, the \ub2d8 <em>nim<\/em> in \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8 <em>seonsaengnim<\/em> is an honorific suffix reserved for kings, gods, others\u2019\r\nparents, and high officials \u2013 and teachers.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"> <a id=\"p3\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><\/a>\u00a03. \ud55c\uae00 THE KOREAN ALPHABET<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<h2><strong>What do you know about Korean?<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nIn groups, find the right answer for each question. Guessing is OK! <b>\u263a<\/b>\r\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">True or false?<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Korean is spoken as a native language in the Korean peninsula alone.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Korean is the same language as Japanese or Chinese; it is called Korean because of where it is spoken.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The Korean writing system is pictographic (or ideographic) like Chinese. You can in most cases guess the meaning if you stare at the \u201ccharacters\u201d for a while.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The Korean writing system is truly phonetic. As long as you know the alphabet, you can write what you hear and get the correct spelling of the words.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>North Koreans speak a variety of Russian and South Koreans speak a variety of Chinese.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Pick the correct answer.<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>What is \"Hangeul\"?\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Korean alphabet<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Korean language<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Korean people<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Korean food<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Who created \"Hangeul\"?\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Kim Dangun<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Shin Saimdang<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Yi Sun-sin<\/li>\r\n \t<li>King Sejong<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>When was \"Hangeul\" invented?\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>2333 BCE<\/li>\r\n \t<li>15th Century<\/li>\r\n \t<li>18th Century<\/li>\r\n \t<li>1945<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Korean is spoken as a native language by\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>about 25 million<\/li>\r\n \t<li>about 50 million<\/li>\r\n \t<li>about 75 million<\/li>\r\n \t<li>about 100 million<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h2><strong>About Hangeul<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1. \ud55c\uae00 Hangeul<\/span><\/h4>\r\nThe Korean alphabet, Hangeul, was created in the 15th century by King Sejong. He and his scholars developed the vowel letters of Hangeul according to the three components of the universe: heaven (\u3147), earth (\u3161), and humankind (\u3163). The consonant letters of Hangeul were designed based on linguistic considerations of how each sound is made in the mouth.\r\n\r\nThe Korean alphabet consists of 21 vowel letters and 19 consonant letters. For the most part, each letter is pronounced individually and in one way (unlike English, which has <em>combinations<\/em>, like \u201cch,\u201d and <em>different<\/em> pronunciations of letters, like the 'a' in <em>f<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">a<\/span>ther<\/em> vs. <em>c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">a<\/span>ke<\/em>).\r\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100.459%; height: 140px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 14px;\">Vowels<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18.0107%; height: 14px;\">Simple<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 48.6559%; height: 14px;\">\u314f \u3151 \u3153 \u3155 \u3157 \u315b \u315c \u3160 \u3161 \u3163<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 16px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18.0107%; height: 16px;\">Complex<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 48.6559%; height: 16px;\">\u3150 \u3154 \u3152 \u3156 \u3158 \u3159 \u315a \u315d \u315e \u315f \u3162<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 13px;\">Consonants<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18.0107%; height: 13px;\">Simple<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 48.6559%; height: 13px;\">\u3131 \u3134 \u3137 \u3139 \u3141 \u3142 \u3145 \u3147 \u3148 \u314a \u314b \u314c \u314d \u314e<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 16px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18.0107%; height: 16px;\">Double<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 48.6559%; height: 16px;\">\u3132 \u3138 \u3143 \u3146 \u3149<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2. Letters Into Syllables<\/span><\/h4>\r\nIn Korean, each written \u201ccharacter\u201d (called a <em>geul-ja<\/em> \uae00\uc790) is one syllable made up of consonant and vowel letters. Some \uae00\uc790 <em>geul-ja<\/em> have only a vowel (similar to the English <em>a<\/em>), some have a consonant followed by a vowel (similar to English <em>to<\/em>), and some have a vowel followed by a consonant (similar to the English <em>an<\/em>). Yet\r\nother \uae00\uc790 <em>geul-ja<\/em> have a consonant followed by a vowel and a consonant (similar to the English <em>pan<\/em>). Finally, Korean \uae00\uc790 <em>geul-ja<\/em> can end in (a limited set of) two consonants (like the English <em>cost<\/em> or <em>bulk<\/em>), but they can <em>NEVER<\/em> begin with more than one consonant (that is, no syllables like the English <em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">s<\/span>top<\/em> and <em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">c<\/span>rush<\/em>).\r\n\r\nThe Korean geul-ja is written in one of two patterns:\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3546-300x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-42 aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\"><strong>OR<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3547-296x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-43 aligncenter\" width=\"296\" height=\"300\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nA \u201cvertical vowel\u201d is one where the main stroke is vertical. And the final consonant may or may not be present in the \uae00\uc790 <em>geul-ja<\/em> (it depends on the word you\u2019re writing).\r\n\r\nThe beginning consonant is not optional, however. When there is no consonant sound at the beginning of the syllable, a placeholder letter, \u3147, is used. In this case, the letter \u3147 (normally the [ng] sound) is not pronounced.\r\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">3. Writing Hangeul<\/span><\/h4>\r\nModern Korean is written left-to-right and top-to-bottom, just like English. For the most part, so is each letter and each syllable.\r\n<h2><strong>\uae30\ubcf8 \ubaa8\uc74c Basic Vowels <\/strong><\/h2>\r\nThe following list includes the 14 basic Korean vowel letters\u2014 10 simple, 4 complex). The name of each vowel letter is the same as its pronunciation. Two standard romanizations and pronunciation tips are given as well. For the simple vowels, the vowels are given in the order they would appear in most Korean dictionaries.\r\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 101.04%; height: 210px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>Vowel<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\"><strong>Romanization<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\"><strong>Pronunciation Tips<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u314f[h5p id=\"42\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">a<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 10px;\"><em>a<\/em> as in <em>father<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">\uc544\uc774\r\n\r\nkid<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 10px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151.jpeg\" alt=\"one girl and one boy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-57 \" width=\"129\" height=\"54\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3151[h5p id=\"43\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">ya<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 10px;\"><em>y + ah<\/em> as in <em>yacht<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">\uc544\uc57c!\r\n\r\nouch!<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 10px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3552-e1653324144879-300x178.jpeg\" alt=\"ouch!\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-58 \" width=\"119\" height=\"71\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3153[h5p id=\"44\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">eo<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 10px;\">somewhat like the <em>uh<\/em> sound in <em>b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">u<\/span>t<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">\uc774\uc5b4\uc694\r\n\r\nlink-polite<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 10px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3553-e1653324160775.jpeg\" alt=\"chain links\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-59 \" width=\"112\" height=\"72\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u3155[h5p id=\"45\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">yeo<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\"><em>y + uh<\/em> as in <em>young<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc5ec\uc6b0\r\n\r\nfox<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3554-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"fox that is sitting\" class=\" wp-image-60 aligncenter\" width=\"82\" height=\"82\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u3157[h5p id=\"46\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">o<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\">like the Spanish <em>o<\/em> in <em>c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">o<\/span>mo<\/em>, but not\r\nas long and gliding as the English <em>l<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ow<\/span><\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc624\uc774\r\n\r\ncucumber<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3555-e1653319042102-300x141.jpg\" alt=\"cucumber\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-61 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"141\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u315b[h5p id=\"47\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">yo<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\"><em>y + o<\/em> as in <em>yo-yo<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc694\uc694\r\n\r\nyo-yo<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3556-e1653324218713-300x195.jpg\" alt=\"red yo-yo\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-62 \" width=\"119\" height=\"77\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u315c[h5p id=\"48\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">u<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\"><em>oo<\/em> as in<em style=\"font-size: 16.8px;\">\u00a0m<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">oo<\/span>d<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 stick out your lips!<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc544\uc6b0\r\n\r\nyounger sibling<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3557-e1653324240871-300x123.jpg\" alt=\"two girls with pigtails\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-63 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"123\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u3160[h5p id=\"49\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">yu<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\"><em>y + oo<\/em> as in <em>you<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc6b0\uc720\r\n\r\nmilk<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3558-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"blue milk carton with cow image\" class=\"wp-image-64 aligncenter\" width=\"96\" height=\"96\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u3161[h5p id=\"50\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">eu<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\">like the <em>oo<\/em> in <em>h<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">oo<\/span>k<\/em> but without\r\nrounding your lips<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc73c\uc544!\r\n\r\nwow!<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3559-e1653319525394-300x160.jpg\" alt=\"wow!\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-65 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"160\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u3163[h5p id=\"51\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">i<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\"><em>ee<\/em> as in <em>t<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ee<\/span>th<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc774\r\n\r\nteeth<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3560-e1653324312191-296x300.jpg\" alt=\"tooth with a smile\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-66 \" width=\"84\" height=\"85\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3150[h5p id=\"52\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">e<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 10px;\"><em>e<\/em> as in <em>b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">e<\/span>d<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">\uc560\r\n\r\nchild<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 10px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151-300x127.jpeg\" alt=\"one girl and one boy\" class=\"wp-image-57 size-medium aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"127\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u3154[h5p id=\"54\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">ae<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\"><em>e<\/em> as in <em>b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">e<\/span>d<\/em> or <em>a<\/em> as in <em>b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">a<\/span>ke<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc5d0\r\n\r\nin, on, at<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3561-e1653324400135.jpg\" alt=\"location marker\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-67 \" width=\"69\" height=\"90\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u3152[h5p id=\"55\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">ye<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\"><em>y + eh<\/em> as in <em>yes<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc598\r\n\r\nhey, you!<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3562-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Black boy yelling with hands around mouth\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-68 \" width=\"97\" height=\"97\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3156[h5p id=\"56\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">yae<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 10px;\"><em>y + eh<\/em> as in <em>yes<\/em> or <em>Yates<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">\uc608\r\n\r\nyes<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 10px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3563-e1653324443808-300x113.jpg\" alt=\"yes with green check mark\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-69 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"113\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some people from the older generations (over 60 or 70 years old) might have a vowel LENGTH distinction, where the word \ub9d0: with a long \u314f means something different from the word \ub9d0 with a short \u314f, for example. This length is not shown in the spelling, however.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It might be helpful to remember that the addition of a short stroke adds the pronunciation y as in \uc560 vs. \uc598.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nHave you noticed that some vowels are written to the right and others underneath the placeholder \u3147?\u00a0 Do you remember what the principle behind this difference is?\u00a0 (The answer is\u2026 vowels written with a long vertical stroke like \u201c\u3163\u201d and \u201c\u3154\u201d come to the right of the first consonant [or the placeholder] in the \uae00\uc790 geul-ja, and vowels written with a long horizontal stroke like \u201c\u3161\u201d and \u201c\u315c\u201d are written underneath the consonant.)\r\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1. Reading Basic Vowels<\/span><\/h4>\r\nHere are some key points about pronouncing these vowels:\r\n\r\nKorean vowels are never glided like they are in English (e.g., <em>baby [bay-bee]<\/em>). Korean vowels are pure vowels; your jaw shouldn\u2019t move while pronouncing a vowel. They are much like Spanish or French vowels. For example, compare bay to the French b\u00e9b\u00e9. Or, consider a bad English pronunciation of the Spanish word bueno (boo-AY-no-u) vs. the Spanish pronunciation (bweh-no). Also, Korean vowels should not be cut short like Japanese vowels often are.\r\n\r\nAmong the Korean vowels, <strong>\uc6b0<\/strong> vs. <strong>\uc624<\/strong>\u00a0 and <strong>\uc5b4<\/strong> vs. <strong>\uc544<\/strong> are the most difficult to distinguish. You can best learn to differentiate them by repeated listening and speaking practice! Listen to your teacher or native speaker friends say the following words over and over!\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>\uc624<\/strong>\ub9ac (duck) vs. <strong>\uc6b0<\/strong>\ub9ac (we)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\uace0<\/strong>\uae30 (meat) vs.\u00a0 <strong>\uac70<\/strong>\uae30 (there)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\uc5ec<\/strong>\uae30 (here) vs.\u00a0<strong> \uc694<\/strong>\uae30 (right here)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\uc544<\/strong>\ub2c8 (no) vs. <strong>\uc5b8<\/strong>\ub2c8 (big sister)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\ub2e4<\/strong> (all) vs. <strong>\ub354<\/strong> (more) vs. <strong>\ub3c4<\/strong> (also)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2. Writing Basic Vowels<\/span><\/h4>\r\nAll letters are written from top-to-bottom and left-to-right.\r\n\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanVowelChart-241x300.png\" alt=\"Korean Vowel Chart\" width=\"370\" height=\"461\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2186\" \/>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. Basic Vowels<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nPractice reading these words with your partner. Then circle the word that your partner says.\r\n\r\n1)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc624\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc5b4\r\n\r\n2)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc73c\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc774\r\n\r\n3)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc544\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc5b4\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc624\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc6b0\r\n\r\n4)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc57c\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc694\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc5ec\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc720\r\n\r\n5)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc544\uc774\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc624\uc774\r\n\r\n6)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc5ec\uc6b0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc6b0\uc720\r\n\r\n7)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc560\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc608\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2.\u00a0Basic Vowels<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nPractice reading these words with your partner. Then circle the word that your partner says.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 192px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 106px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 106px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3555-e1653319042102-300x141.jpg\" alt=\"cucumber\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-61 aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"141\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 106px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3558-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"blue milk carton with cow image\" class=\"wp-image-64 size-medium aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 106px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3554-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"fox that is sitting\" class=\"wp-image-60 aligncenter\" width=\"94\" height=\"94\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 106px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3556-e1653324218713-300x195.jpg\" alt=\"red yo-yo\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-62 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 106px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151-300x127.jpeg\" alt=\"one girl and one boy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-57 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"127\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc624\uc774<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc6b0\uc720<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc5ec\uc6b0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc694\uc694<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc544\uc774<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3559-e1653319525394-300x160.jpg\" alt=\"wow!\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-65 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"160\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3552-e1653324144879-300x178.jpeg\" alt=\"ouch!\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-58 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"178\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3553-e1653324160775.jpeg\" alt=\"chain links\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-59 size-full\" width=\"277\" height=\"178\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3563-e1653324443808-300x113.jpg\" alt=\"yes with green check mark\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-69 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"113\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3564-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"red capital letter a\" class=\" wp-image-72 aligncenter\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc73c\uc544!<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc544\uc57c!<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc774\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc608<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc5d0\uc774<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h4><strong>\uae30\ubcf8 \uc790\uc74c Basic Consonants<\/strong><\/h4>\r\nHere are the 14 Korean consonant letters. The name of each consonant is given next to the letter, along with pronunciation guidelines. The consonants are given in the order they would appear in most Korean dictionaries.\r\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 99.1283%; height: 1738px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 16px;\"><strong>Letter<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\"><strong>With \u314f<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 16px;\"><strong>Name of the Letter<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 16px;\"><strong>Pronunciation<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 16px;\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3131<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\uac00<strong><em>[h5p id=\"23\"]<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\uae30\uc5ed <em>gi-yeok<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">soft <em>k<\/em> or <em>g<\/em> as in <em>again<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\">\uc544<strong>\uac00<\/strong>\r\n\r\nbaby<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3565-e1653324542101-284x300.jpg\" alt=\"baby with a pacifier in a swaddle\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74 \" width=\"71\" height=\"75\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3134<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ub098<strong><em>[h5p id=\"24\"]<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ub2c8\uc740 <em>ni-eun<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\"><em>n<\/em> as in <em>nose<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\ub098<\/strong>\uc774\r\n\r\nage<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3566.jpg\" alt=\"tree stump with arrow pointing to rings\" class=\" wp-image-75 aligncenter\" width=\"83\" height=\"83\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3137<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ub2e4<strong><em>[h5p id=\"25\"]<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ub514\uadff <em>di-geut<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">soft <em>t<\/em> or <em>d<\/em> as in <em>day<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\">\ubc14<strong>\ub2e4<\/strong>\r\n\r\nocean<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3567-e1653324575189-300x156.jpg\" alt=\"waves with sun and two birds flying overhead\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-76 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"156\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3139<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ub77c<strong><span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;\">[h5p id=\"26\"]<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ub9ac\uc744<em> ri-eul<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">like a Spanish <em>r<\/em> (tap) between vowels <span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;\">or <em>l<\/em> at the end of words<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\">\ub098<strong>\ub77c<\/strong>\r\n\r\ncountry<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3577-e1653324597312-300x196.jpg\" alt=\"Korean flag, American flag, French flag, and Japanese flag\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-85 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3141<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ub9c8<strong><em>[h5p id=\"27\"]<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ubbf8\uc74c <em>mi-eum<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\"><em>m<\/em> as in <em>mouse<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\">\uc774<strong>\ub9c8<\/strong>\r\n\r\nforehead<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3569-e1653324615653-298x300.jpg\" alt=\"face with arrow pointing to forehead\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-77 \" width=\"79\" height=\"79\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3142<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ubc14<strong><em>[h5p id=\"28\"]<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ube44\uc74d <em>bi-eup<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">soft <em>p<\/em> or <em>b<\/em> as in <em>baby<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\ubc14<\/strong>\ub098\ub098\r\n\r\nbanana<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3570-e1653324635767-300x250.jpg\" alt=\"two bananas\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-78 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3145<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\uc0ac<strong><span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;\">[h5p id=\"29\"]<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\uc2dc\uc637 <em>shi-ot<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\"><em>s<\/em> as in <em>sigh<\/em> <span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;\">(<em>sh<\/em> before\u3163or \u315f)<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\">\uc774<strong>\uc0ac<\/strong>\r\n\r\nmoving<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3571-e1653324654552-300x205.jpg\" alt=\"two houses side by side with arrow pointing from one house to another\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-79 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"205\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3147<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\uc544<strong>[h5p id=\"30\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\uc774\uc751 <em>i-eung<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">silent in the initial position; <em>ng<\/em> at the end, as in \u201csi<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ng<\/span>\u201d<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\uc544<\/strong>\uac00\r\n\r\nbaby<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3565-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"baby with a pacifier in a swaddle\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74 \" width=\"84\" height=\"84\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3148<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\uc790<strong><em>[h5p id=\"31\"]<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\uc9c0\uc752 <em>ji-eut<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">soft or <em>j<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\uc790<\/strong>\ub2e4\r\n\r\nto sleep<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3572-e1653324688923-300x147.jpg\" alt=\"zzz... with moon and stars\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-80 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"147\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 34px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u314a<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ucc28<strong><em>[h5p id=\"32\"]<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\uce58\uc753 <em>chi-eut<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">aspirated <em>ch<\/em> (with a burst of air) as in <em>cheese<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\ucc28<\/strong>\ub2e4\r\n\r\nto kick<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3573-e1653324711384-300x183.jpg\" alt=\"foot wearing a red sneaker kicking a soccer ball\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-81 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"183\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u314b<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\uce74<strong>[h5p id=\"33\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ud0a4\uc754 <em>k<sup>h<\/sup>i-euk<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">aspirated <em>k<\/em> as in <em>krazy<\/em>!<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\uce74\uce74<\/strong>\uc624\r\n\r\ncacao<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938-300x192.jpg\" alt=\"two cacao beans\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-86 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u314c<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ud0c0<strong><em>[h5p id=\"34\"]<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ud2f0\uc755 <em>t<sup>h<\/sup>i-eut<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">aspirated <em>t<\/em> as in <em>attack<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\ud0c0<\/strong>\ub2e4\r\n\r\nto ride\r\n\r\nto burn<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3574-e1653324743388-300x161.jpg\" alt=\"man riding a car and a flame\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-82 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"161\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u314d<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ud30c<strong><em>[h5p id=\"35\"]<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ud53c\uc756 <em>p<sup>h<\/sup>i-eup<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">aspirated <em>p<\/em> as in <em>please<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\ud30c<\/strong>\uc774\r\n\r\npie<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3575-e1653324762966.jpg\" alt=\"slice of pumpkin pie with dollop of whipped cream\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-83 \" width=\"93\" height=\"93\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u314e<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ud558<strong><em>[h5p id=\"36\"]<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ud788\uc757 <em>hi-eut<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\"><em>h<\/em> as in <em>hello!<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\ud558<\/strong>\ub9c8\r\n\r\nhippopotamus<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3576-e1653324777305-300x234.jpg\" alt=\"hippopotamus\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-84 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"234\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">Pay attention to letters containing small strokes. Tiny strokes are sometimes hard to see, especially in print, and once you memorize the incorrect shape of a letter or \uae00\uc790 <em>geul-ja<\/em>, it can come back to haunt you for a long time!<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe letters \u3148, \u314a, \u314c, and \u314e may look quite different in different fonts and handwriting. Also, the consonant letters \u314e, \u3142, \u3137, \u3139, and \u3141 and the vowel letters \u314f and \u3153 can look very confusing when cursorily written by hand. Ask your teacher about the alternate ways of writing \u3148, \u314a, \u314c, and \u314e. Also ask them to write the letters \u314e, \u3142, \u3137, \u3139, \u3141,\u314f, and \u3153 sloppily on the board!\r\n\r\nNow, practice reading these words.\r\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\uac00<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\ub2e4<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\ubc14<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\uc0ac<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\uc790<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3579-e1653324896339-300x244.jpg\" alt=\"girl sitting criss-cross and hands at heart\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-89 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"244\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-300x220.jpg\" alt=\"one bill with coins next to an apple\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-92 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"220\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3567-e1653324814376-300x209.jpg\" alt=\"waves with sun and two birds flying overhead\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-76 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3581-e1653324866523-300x110.jpg\" alt=\"circle and triangle with arrow symbolizing between\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91 aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"110\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3580-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"lion\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-90\" width=\"98\" height=\"98\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\uc694\uac00\r\n\r\nyoga<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\uc0ac\ub2e4\r\n\r\nto buy<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\ubc14\ub2e4\r\n\r\nsea<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\uc0ac\uc774\r\n\r\nbetween<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\uc0ac\uc790\r\n\r\nlion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\uce74<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\ud0c0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\ud30c<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\ucc28<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\ud558<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938-300x192.jpg\" alt=\"two cacao beans\" class=\"wp-image-86 size-medium aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3583.jpg\" alt=\"tire\" class=\" wp-image-93 aligncenter\" width=\"96\" height=\"96\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3575-e1653324951252.jpg\" alt=\"slice of pumpkin pie with dollop of whipped cream\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-83 \" width=\"104\" height=\"98\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3584-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"front of red car\" class=\"wp-image-94 aligncenter\" width=\"107\" height=\"107\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3585-e1653325007895-300x98.jpg\" alt=\"haha!\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-95 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"98\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\uce74\uce74\uc624\r\n\r\ncacao<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\ud0c0\uc774\uc5b4\r\n\r\ntire<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\ud30c\uc774\r\n\r\npie<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\ucc28\r\n\r\ncar<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\ud558\ud558\ud558\r\n\r\nhahaha<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\"><strong>\ub098<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\"><strong>\ub77c<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\"><strong>\ub9c8<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\"><strong>\uc544<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3586-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"number one\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-97 \" width=\"81\" height=\"81\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3587-e1653320230895-300x191.jpg\" alt=\"turtle\" class=\"wp-image-98 aligncenter\" width=\"127\" height=\"80\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3588-e1653320250248-300x161.jpg\" alt=\"horse-drawn carriage\" class=\"wp-image-99 aligncenter\" width=\"142\" height=\"76\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3565-e1653320276953-260x300.jpg\" alt=\"baby with a pacifier in a swaddle\" class=\"wp-image-74 aligncenter\" width=\"71\" height=\"82\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\">\ud558\ub098\r\n\r\none<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\">\uc790\ub77c\r\n\r\nturtle<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\">\ub9c8\ucc28\r\n\r\ncarriage<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\">\uc544\uac00\r\n\r\nbaby<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nHere is a little trick to help you memorize the dictionary order of the simple consonants:\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">C<\/span>a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">n<\/span>a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">d<\/span>a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">l<\/span>a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mps<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">a<\/span>re <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">J<\/span>ack <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Ch<\/span>urchill, (and) <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">K<\/span>athy <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Th<\/span>ompson\u2019s <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">p<\/span>arents\u2019 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">h<\/span>obby.\r\n\r\n\uac00 \ub098 \ub2e4 \ub77c \ub9c8 \ubc14 \uc0ac \uc544 \uc790 \ucc28 \uce74 \ud0c0 \ud30c \ud558\r\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1. Reading Basic Consonants<\/span><\/h4>\r\nHere are some key points about pronouncing these consonants.\r\n\r\n(1) Stop sounds (\u3131, \u3137, \u3142, \u3148)\r\n\r\nSimple stop consonants (\u3131, \u3137, \u3142, \u3148) have two different sound values in Korean:\r\n\r\nWhen they begin a word (especially after a pause or in slow speech), they sound like the English k, t, p, and ch. On the other hand, when they come word-medially (especially in fast speech), they sound like a weaker version of the English g, d, b, and j. So, the word \ubc14\ubcf4 (\u201cfool\u201d) in Korean may sound like pah-bo in English, although both syllables begin with \u3142. Practice saying the following phrases and sentences. (Better yet, repeat after your instructor or a Korean friend.):\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>\uac00<\/strong>\ub2e4 to go vs. \uc544<strong>\uac00<\/strong> baby [h5p id=\"14\"]<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\ub2e4<\/strong> all vs. \ubc14<strong>\ub2e4<\/strong> sea [h5p id=\"15\"]<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\ubc14<\/strong>\ub2e4 sea vs. <strong>\ubc14<\/strong>\ubcf4 fool [h5p id=\"16\"]<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\uc790<\/strong> ruler vs. \uac00<strong>\uc790<\/strong> let\u2019s go [h5p id=\"17\"]<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n(2) \u3145\r\n\r\nOne note about the Korean s is that they are pronounced <em>sh<\/em> before the vowels \u3163 and \u315f and before vowels with a <em>y-<\/em> pronunciation (\uc57c, \uc5ec, \uc694\u2026). For the <em>sh<\/em> sound before \u3163 and <em>y-<\/em>, you shouldn\u2019t round your lips (or stick them out) the way you would in English. You <em>do<\/em> stick them out before \u315f, as if the \u315c got stuck on top of the <em>sh<\/em> sound.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>\uc0ac<\/strong>\ub2e4 to buy vs. <strong>\uc0ac<\/strong>\uc790 lion [h5p id=\"18\"]<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\uc2dc<\/strong> poem vs. <strong>\uc154<\/strong>\uc694 [h5p id=\"19\"]<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n(3) \u3139\r\n\r\nBe aware that there are two kinds of \u3139 (i.e., two different pronunciations) in Korean. When \u3139 comes between vowels or at the beginning of a word, it sounds very much like the English <em>t<\/em> or <em>d<\/em> in words such as <em>water<\/em>, <em>butter<\/em>, or <em>ladder<\/em>. Ask your teacher or a native speaker friend to say the following words for you:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>\ub77c<\/strong>\ub514\uc624 radio vs. \uac00<strong>\ub77c<\/strong> go (command) [h5p id=\"20\"]<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\ub9ac<\/strong>\ubcf8 ribbon vs. \uba38<strong>\ub9ac<\/strong> head [h5p id=\"21\"]<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\ub8e8<\/strong>\ube44 ruby vs. \ud558<strong>\ub8e8<\/strong> one day [h5p id=\"22\"]<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nHave you noticed something interesting in this column? Most \u3139- beginning words used in (South) Korea are those recently borrowed from\r\nEnglish and other Western languages.\r\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2. Writing Basic Consonants<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanConsonantChart-241x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"296\" height=\"368\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2191\" \/>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. Basic Consonants<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nWhich of the following consonants (with the vowel \u1161) are in the wrong order? Put them in the correct\r\ndictionary order.\r\n\r\n\uac00 \ub2e4 \ub77c \ub098 \ub9c8 \ubc14 \uc544 \uc0ac \uce74 \uc790 \ucc28 \ud558 \ud0c0 \ud30c\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2.\u00a0Basic Consonants<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nPractice reading these words with your partner. Circle the word your partner says.\r\n\r\n1)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uac00\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ub2e4\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc0ac\r\n\r\n2)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ub098\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ub77c\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ub9c8\r\n\r\n3)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ub2e4\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ubc14\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ud558\r\n\r\n4)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uce74\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ud0c0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ud30c\r\n\r\n5)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ub098\ub77c\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc0ac\ub77c\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc790\ub77c\r\n\r\n6)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uac00\ub2e4\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ud0c0\ub2e4\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc790\ub2e4\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3.\u00a0Basic Consonants<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nPractice reading these words with your partner. Circle the word your partner says.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 641px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 140px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3570-e1653324635767-300x250.jpg\" alt=\"two bananas\" class=\"wp-image-78 aligncenter\" width=\"121\" height=\"101\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-300x220.jpg\" alt=\"one bill with coins next to an apple\" class=\"wp-image-92 aligncenter\" width=\"126\" height=\"93\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3585-e1653325007895-300x98.jpg\" alt=\"haha!\" class=\"wp-image-95 size-medium aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"98\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3575-e1653324951252.jpg\" alt=\"slice of pumpkin pie with dollop of whipped cream\" class=\"wp-image-83 aligncenter\" width=\"109\" height=\"102\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ubc14\ub098\ub098<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc0ac\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ud558\ud558\ud558<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ud30c\uc774<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 140px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938-300x192.jpg\" alt=\"two cacao beans\" class=\"wp-image-86 size-medium aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3581-e1653324866523-300x110.jpg\" alt=\"circle and triangle with arrow symbolizing between\" class=\"wp-image-91 size-medium aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"110\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3579-e1653324896339-300x244.jpg\" alt=\"girl sitting criss-cross and hands at heart\" class=\"wp-image-89 aligncenter\" width=\"129\" height=\"105\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3573-e1653324711384-300x183.jpg\" alt=\"foot wearing a red sneaker kicking a soccer ball\" class=\"wp-image-81 aligncenter\" width=\"138\" height=\"85\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uce74\uce74\uc624<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc0ac\uc774<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc694\uac00<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ucc28\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 161px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 161px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3567-e1653324814376-300x209.jpg\" alt=\"waves with sun and two birds flying overhead\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-76 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 161px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3577-e1653324597312-300x196.jpg\" alt=\"Korean flag, American flag, French flag, and Japanese flag\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-85 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 161px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3583.jpg\" alt=\"tire\" class=\"wp-image-93 aligncenter\" width=\"126\" height=\"126\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 161px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3565-e1653320276953-260x300.jpg\" alt=\"baby with a pacifier in a swaddle\" class=\"wp-image-74 aligncenter\" width=\"99\" height=\"114\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ubc14\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ub098\ub77c<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ud0c0\uc774\uc5b4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc544\uac00<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 140px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3580-e1653324914613-275x300.jpg\" alt=\"lion\" class=\"wp-image-90 aligncenter\" width=\"112\" height=\"122\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3576-e1653321249453-300x186.jpg\" alt=\"hippopotamus\" class=\"wp-image-84 size-medium aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"186\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3588-e1653320250248-300x161.jpg\" alt=\"horse-drawn carriage\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-99 aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"161\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3587-e1653320230895-300x191.jpg\" alt=\"turtle\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-98 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"191\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc0ac\uc790<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ud558\ub9c8<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ub9c8\ucc28<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc790\ub77c<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2><strong>\ubcf5\ubaa8\uc74c Complex Vowels<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nKorean has the following complex vowels. Not all of them have complex pronunciations, but all are written as combinations of the simple vowel letters. The first three use \u3157 for the [w] sound and the next three use \u315c.\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"width: 916px; height: 953px;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 99.6484px; height: 10px;\"><strong>Vowel<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 170.047px; height: 10px;\"><strong>Romanization<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 152.805px; height: 10px;\"><strong>Components<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.594px; height: 10px;\"><strong>Sound in English<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 109.055px; height: 10px;\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 152.195px;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 99.6484px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3158[h5p id=\"57\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 170.047px; height: 10px;\"><em>wa<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 152.805px; height: 10px;\">\u3157 + \u314f<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.594px; height: 10px;\"><em>w + ah<\/em> as in <em>water<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 109.055px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\uc640<\/strong>\r\n\r\nand<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 152.195px;\"><strong><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3589-e1653325233945-236x300.jpg\" alt=\"ampersand\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-101 \" width=\"70\" height=\"89\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 99.6484px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3159[h5p id=\"58\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 170.047px; height: 10px;\"><em>we<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 152.805px; height: 10px;\">\u3157 + \u3150<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.594px; height: 10px;\"><em>w + eh<\/em> as in <em>weather<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 109.055px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\uc65c<\/strong>\r\n\r\nwhy<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 152.195px;\"><strong><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3590-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"three question marks\" class=\" wp-image-102 aligncenter\" width=\"81\" height=\"81\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 89px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 99.6484px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u315a[h5p id=\"59\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 170.047px; height: 10px;\"><em>we<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 152.805px; height: 10px;\">\u3157 + \u3163<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.594px; height: 10px;\"><em>w + eh<\/em> as in <em>weather<\/em>\r\n\r\n(*NOT wee)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 109.055px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\uc678<\/strong>\uc6cc\uc694\r\n\r\nmemorize (polite)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 152.195px;\"><strong><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"person reading a book with thought bubble overhead\" class=\" wp-image-103 aligncenter\" width=\"87\" height=\"87\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 89px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 99.6484px; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u315d[h5p id=\"60\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 170.047px; height: 16px;\"><em>weo<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 152.805px; height: 16px;\">\u315c + \u3153<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.594px; height: 16px;\"><em>w + uh<\/em> as in <em>was<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 109.055px; height: 16px;\">\uc678<strong>\uc6cc<\/strong>\uc694\r\n\r\nmemorize (polite)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 152.195px;\"><strong><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"person reading a book with thought bubble overhead\" class=\" wp-image-103 aligncenter\" width=\"87\" height=\"87\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 89px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 99.6484px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u315e[h5p id=\"61\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 170.047px; height: 10px;\"><em>we<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 152.805px; height: 10px;\">\u315c +\u3154<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.594px; height: 10px;\"><em>w + eh<\/em> as in <em>weather<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 109.055px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\uc6e8<\/strong>\uc774\ud130\r\n\r\nwaiter<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 152.195px;\"><strong><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3592-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"waiter serving a drink\" class=\" wp-image-104 aligncenter\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 89px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 99.6484px; height: 58px;\"><strong>\u315f[h5p id=\"62\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 170.047px; height: 58px;\"><em>wi<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 152.805px; height: 58px;\">\u315c + \u3163<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.594px; height: 58px;\"><em>w + ee<\/em> as in <em>Weaver<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 109.055px; height: 58px;\"><strong>\uc704<\/strong>\r\n\r\nabove, on<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 152.195px;\"><strong><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3593-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"arrow pointing up\" class=\" wp-image-105 aligncenter\" width=\"81\" height=\"81\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 81px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 99.6484px; height: 10px;\">\r\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><strong><span class=\"very-tight\">\u3162[h5p id=\"63\"]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 170.047px; height: 10px;\"><em>eui<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 152.805px; height: 10px;\">\u3161 + \u3163<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.594px; height: 10px;\">short <em>oo<\/em> (as in <em>hook<\/em>) + <em>ee<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 109.055px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\uc758<\/strong>\uc790\r\n\r\nchair<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 152.195px;\"><strong><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3594-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"chair with cushion\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-106 \" width=\"83\" height=\"83\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It might be helpful to remember that added [w] sound comes from either an \u3157 or an \u315cdepending on the second vowel.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">The vowel combinations \u3157\u3153, \u3157\u3154, \u315c\u314f, and\u00a0 \u315c\u3150do not occur in Korean. This has to do with vowel harmony, which you will have a chance to learn more about in later lessons. For the time being, keep in mind that, in Korean, the vowels \u3157, \u3158, \u3159, \u314f, \u3150 and\u3152 are considered \u201cbright\u201d vowels, whereas the vowels \u315c, \u315d, \u315e, \u3153, \u3154 and \u3156 are \u201cdark\u201d vowels, which is why they cannot be mixed.<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1. Reading Complex Vowels<\/span><\/h4>\r\nHere are some key points about pronouncing these vowels.\r\n\r\n(1) Simplicity is best!\r\n\r\nThe sounds <em>w<\/em> and <em>y<\/em> occurring in complex vowels are often weakened or dropped, especially in fast speech:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\uc2dc<strong>\uacc4<\/strong> [\uc2dc\uac8c] watch, clock<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\uc804<strong>\ud654<\/strong>\ubc88\ud638 [\uc800\ub098\ubc84\ub178] telephone number<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\uc548 <strong>\ub3fc<\/strong> [\uc548 \ub300] not okay, won\u2019t do (INFORMAL)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\ubb50<strong>\uc608<\/strong>\uc694 [\uba38\uc5d0\uc694] what is [this]? (POLITE)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\ub193\uc544<\/strong>\uc694 [\ub194\uc694, \ub098:\uc694] let go (of)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\uc2e4<strong>\ub840<\/strong>\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4 [\uc2e4\ub808\ud568\ub2c8\ub2e4] excuse me (POLITE)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\ucc98\uc74c <strong>\ubd59<\/strong>\uaca0\uc5b4\uc694 [\ucca8: \ubca0\uaed8\uc368\uc694] How do you do. Literally, first time meeting you)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n(2) \uc758\r\n\r\nThe syllable \uc758 is pronounced as [\uc73c+\uc774] in one syllable when it is at the beginning of a word (e.g., \uc758\uc790, \uc758\uc0ac), but it is pronounced as \uc774 otherwise (e.g., \ubaa8\uc758). And strangely, \ud76c is ALWAYS pronounced as [\ud788], regardless of where it comes in the word!\r\n\r\nPractice reading out loud the following words. Then write out in square brackets [\u00a0 ] how they are pronounced.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>\uc758<\/strong>\uc0ac [\uc758\uc0ac] doctor<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\uc758<\/strong>\uc790 [\uc758\uc790] chair<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\ud3b8<strong>\uc758<\/strong>\uc810 [\ud3b4\ub2c8\uc810] convenience store<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\uad70<strong>\uc758<\/strong>\uad00 [\uad6c\ub2c8\uad00] army surgeon<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\uacbd<strong>\ud76c<\/strong> [\uacbd\ud788] female name<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\ud76c<\/strong>\ub2e4 [\ud788\ub2e4] white<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2. Writing Complex Vowels<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanComplexVowelChart-300x192.png\" alt=\"Korean Complex Vowel Chart\" width=\"395\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2194\" \/>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. Complex Vowels<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nPractice reading these words with your partner. Then circle the word that your partner says.\r\n\r\n1)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc640\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc6cc\r\n\r\n2)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc678\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc704\r\n\r\n3)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc704\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc65c\r\n\r\n4)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc758\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc774\r\n\r\n5)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc6e8\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc758\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc704\r\n\r\n6)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc608\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc65c\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc640\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2.\u00a0Complex Vowels<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nPractice reading the following words, paying attention to the vowel quality. Then circle the word that your partner says.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3593-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"arrow pointing up\" class=\" wp-image-105 aligncenter\" width=\"107\" height=\"107\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3589-e1653325233945-236x300.jpg\" alt=\"ampersand\" class=\"wp-image-101 aligncenter\" width=\"76\" height=\"97\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3595-e1653325303165-300x157.jpg\" alt=\"two people bowing toward one another\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-108 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"157\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3590-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"three question marks\" class=\" wp-image-102 aligncenter\" width=\"108\" height=\"108\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc704\r\n\r\nup<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc640\r\n\r\nand<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc608\uc758\r\n\r\nmanner<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc65c\r\n\r\nwhy?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"person reading a book with thought bubble overhead\" class=\" wp-image-103 aligncenter\" width=\"102\" height=\"102\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3596-e1653325344771-300x236.jpg\" alt=\"doctor with stethoscope and headlight\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-109 \" width=\"132\" height=\"104\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3592-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"waiter serving a drink\" class=\" wp-image-104 aligncenter\" width=\"102\" height=\"102\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3594-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"chair with cushion\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-106 \" width=\"106\" height=\"106\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc678\uc6cc\uc694\r\n\r\nmemorize<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc758\uc0ac\r\n\r\ndoctor<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc6e8\uc774\ud130\r\n\r\nwaiter<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc758\uc790\r\n\r\nchair<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2><strong>\ubcf5\uc790\uc74c Double (Tense) Consonants\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nKorean has a series of tense consonant sounds that involve an extra build-up of air in the throat before releasing the consonant with NO aspiration \u2014 a louder \u201cpop\u201d and a high pitch. The tense \u3138, for example, is similar to how a certain cartoon character created in the 1980s says \u201cddoh!\u201d Similarly, the tense \u3146 is pronounced as a very loud or sharp-sounding [s]. The tense consonants are spelled as double but appear closer together, as one letter, and they are pronounced as one \u201ctense\u201d sound.\r\n<div align=\"center\">\r\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"width: 987px; height: 675px;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.492px; height: 10px;\"><strong>Letter<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 112.555px;\"><strong>With \u314f<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 214.562px; height: 10px;\"><strong>Name of the Letter<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 209.359px; height: 10px;\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 170.484px;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.492px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3132<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 112.555px;\">\uae4c<strong>[h5p id=\"37\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 214.562px; height: 10px;\">\uc30d\uae30\uc5ed\r\n\r\n<em>ssang gi-yeok<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 209.359px; height: 10px;\">\uc544\uae4c\r\n\r\na while ago<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 170.484px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3598-e1653325400947-289x300.jpg\" alt=\"clock with arrow pointing counterclockwise\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-110 \" width=\"96\" height=\"99\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.492px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3138<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 112.555px;\">\ub530<strong>[h5p id=\"38\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 214.562px; height: 10px;\">\uc30d\ub514\uadff\r\n\r\n<em>ssang di-geut<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 209.359px; height: 10px;\">\uc774\ub530\uac00\r\n\r\nlater<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 170.484px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3599-e1653325421165-275x300.jpg\" alt=\"clock with arrow pointing clockwise\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-111 \" width=\"89\" height=\"97\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.492px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3143<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 112.555px;\">\ube60<strong>[h5p id=\"39\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 214.562px; height: 10px;\">\uc30d\ube44\uc74d\r\n\r\n<em>ssang bi-eup<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 209.359px; height: 10px;\">\uc544\ube60\r\n\r\ndad<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 170.484px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3600-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"man wearing blue suit and red tie\" class=\"wp-image-112 aligncenter\" width=\"97\" height=\"97\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.492px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3146<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 112.555px;\">\uc2f8<strong>[h5p id=\"40\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 214.562px; height: 10px;\">\uc30d\uc2dc\uc637\r\n\r\n<em>ssang si-ot<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 209.359px; height: 10px;\">\uc2f8\ub2e4\r\n\r\ncheap<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 170.484px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3601.jpg\" alt=\"one dollar\" class=\" wp-image-113 aligncenter\" width=\"102\" height=\"102\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.492px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3149<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 112.555px;\">\uc9dc<strong>[h5p id=\"41\"]<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 214.562px; height: 10px;\">\uc30d\uc9c0\uc752\r\n\r\n<em>ssang ji-eut<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 209.359px; height: 10px;\">\uc9dc\ub2e4\r\n\r\nsalty<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 170.484px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3602-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"salt shaker\" class=\" wp-image-114 aligncenter\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nNow, practice saying these words.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 123px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\"><strong>\uae4c<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\">\u00a0<strong>\ub530<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\"><strong>\ube60<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\">\u00a0<strong>\uc2f8<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\">\u00a0<strong>\uc9dc<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3598-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"clock with arrow pointing counterclockwise\" class=\" wp-image-110 aligncenter\" width=\"99\" height=\"99\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3599-e1653323863762-259x300.jpg\" alt=\"clock with arrow pointing clockwise\" class=\"wp-image-111 aligncenter\" width=\"95\" height=\"110\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3604-e1653325516753-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"one girl and one older boy with arrow pointing to boy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-116 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3603-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"explosion\" class=\" wp-image-115 aligncenter\" width=\"98\" height=\"98\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3605-e1653325545780-300x127.jpg\" alt=\"lies\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-117 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"127\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 87px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 87px;\">\uc544\uae4c\r\n\r\na while ago<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 87px;\">\uc774\ub530\uac00\r\n\r\na little later<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 87px;\">\uc624\ube60\r\n\r\nolder brother<span style=\"orphans: 1; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 87px;\">\uc2f8\uc6cc\uc694\r\n\r\nfights (polite)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 87px;\">\uac00\uc9dc\r\n\r\nfake<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1. Reading Double (Tense) Consonants<\/span><\/h4>\r\nHere are a few notes about pronouncing double consonants.\r\n\r\n(1) Tense, aspirated, or plain?\r\n\r\nOne of the most difficult pronunciations to master in Korean is the distinction between the three members of a series, such as \u3142, \u314d, and \u3143. The simple or \u201cplain\u201d consonants \u3131, \u3137, and \u3142 are pronounced with a slight popping of air but a very low pitch. The tense consonants \u3132, \u3138, and \u3143 sound very much like <em>b<\/em>, <em>d<\/em>, and <em>g<\/em> to native English speakers, but they tend to be harsher-sounding with a higher pitch. Finally, \u314d, \u314c, and \u314b are pronounced pretty much like the English <em>p<\/em>, <em>t<\/em>, and <em>k<\/em>, but with a greater puff of air (aspiration) coming out of the mouth. Korean is not a tone language like Chinese or Vietnamese, but it might help to think of the tense and aspirated consonants as having a higher pitch. Have your instructor or a Korean friend say the following triplets and test you!\r\n<div align=\"center\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"height: 969px; width: 926px;\" width=\"694\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 176px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 176px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3607-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"red flag\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-119\" width=\"129\" height=\"129\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 176px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3613-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"man next to bar symbolizing height\" class=\" wp-image-123 aligncenter\" width=\"131\" height=\"131\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 176px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3615-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"chicken leg with peas and a drink\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-125\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 10px;\">\uae30\r\n\r\nflag<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 10px;\">\ud0a4\r\n\r\nheight<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 10px;\">\ub07c\r\n\r\nmeal (counter)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 163px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 163px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3610-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"all\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-122\" width=\"147\" height=\"147\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 163px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3616-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"man driving a red car\" class=\" wp-image-126 aligncenter\" width=\"137\" height=\"137\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 163px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3614-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"man picking berries off of a bush\" class=\" wp-image-124 aligncenter\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 10px;\">\ub2e4\r\n\r\nall<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 10px;\">\ud0c0\r\n\r\nRide!<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 10px;\">\ub530\r\n\r\nPick (it)!<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 178px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 178px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3609-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"rain cloud with drops of rain\" class=\" wp-image-121 aligncenter\" width=\"135\" height=\"135\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 178px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3606.jpg\" alt=\"drop of blood\" class=\" wp-image-118 aligncenter\" width=\"126\" height=\"126\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 178px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3608-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"beep!\" class=\" wp-image-120 aligncenter\" width=\"130\" height=\"130\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 10px;\">\ube44\r\n\r\nrain<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 10px;\">\ud53c\r\n\r\nblood<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 10px;\">\uc090\r\n\r\nbeep<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 166px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 166px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"one bill with coins next to an apple\" class=\" wp-image-92 aligncenter\" width=\"142\" height=\"142\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 166px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 166px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3601.jpg\" alt=\"one dollar\" class=\" wp-image-113 aligncenter\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 31px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 31px;\">\uc0ac\ub2e4\r\n\r\nto buy<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 31px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 31px;\">\uc2f8\ub2e4\r\n\r\ninexpensive<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 163px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 163px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3572-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"zzz... with moon and stars\" class=\" wp-image-80 aligncenter\" width=\"144\" height=\"144\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 163px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3573-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"foot wearing a red sneaker kicking a soccer ball\" class=\" wp-image-81 aligncenter\" width=\"144\" height=\"144\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 163px;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3602-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"salt shaker\" class=\"wp-image-114 aligncenter\" width=\"117\" height=\"117\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 62px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 62px;\">\uc790\ub2e4\r\n\r\nto sleep<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 62px;\">\ucc28\ub2e4\r\n\r\nto kick<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 62px;\">\uc9dc\ub2e4\r\n\r\nsalty<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n(2) \u3145 and \u3146\r\n\r\nThere are two different Korean s\u2019s \u2014 a plain \u3145 and a tense \u3146. With this pair, the tense \u3146 sounds more like the English <em>s<\/em> than the plain one. The tense \u3146 in Korean is just a bit more tensed, with a harsher hissing sound than is normal in English, and it has the familiar raised pitch of tense consonants. Try saying \uc2f8 with a good, tense \u3146. (\uc2f8 means <em>cheap<\/em> or <em>inexpensive<\/em>.)\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-300x220.jpg\" alt=\"one bill with coins next to an apple\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-92 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"220\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3601.jpg\" alt=\"one dollar\" class=\" wp-image-113 aligncenter\" width=\"127\" height=\"127\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3617.jpg\" alt=\"paper with text and pen\" class=\" wp-image-128 aligncenter\" width=\"127\" height=\"127\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3618-e1653325668570-300x160.jpg\" alt=\"two sunflower seeds\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-129 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"160\" \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc0ac\ub2e4\r\n\r\nto buy<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc2f8\ub2e4\r\n\r\ncheap<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc2dc\r\n\r\npoem<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc528\r\n\r\nseed<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nTo pronounce a nice \u201cplain\u201d or soft \u3145, you might imagine there is an <em>h<\/em> sound before the \u3145. The pitch should be low, and the \u3145 should sound very soft. Try saying \uc0ac\ub791 in a breathy, romantic way, and your \u3145 will probably be about right. (\uc0ac\ub791 means love.)\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2. Writing Double (Tense) Consonants<\/span>\r\n\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanDoubleConsonantChart-300x138.png\" alt=\"Korean Double Consonant Chart\" width=\"372\" height=\"171\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2193\" \/>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. Double (Tense) Consonants<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nPractice reading these syllables with your partner. Then circle the word that your partner says.\r\n<div align=\"center\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"height: 145px;\" width=\"351\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 74.0625px;\">\uac00<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 71.0625px;\">\uc790<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 73.0625px;\">\uae4c<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 74.0625px;\">\ud558<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 78.0625px;\">\ubc14<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 74.0625px;\">\uc0ac<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 71.0625px;\">\ube60<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 73.0625px;\">\uce74<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 74.0625px;\">\ub530<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 78.0625px;\">\uc9dc<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 74.0625px;\">\uc2f8<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 71.0625px;\">\ucc28<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 73.0625px;\">\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 74.0625px;\">\ud0c0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 78.0625px;\">\ud30c<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 74.0625px;\">\uc544<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 71.0625px;\">\ub2e4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 73.0625px;\">\ucc28<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 74.0625px;\">\ub9c8<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 78.0625px;\">\uce74<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2.\u00a0Double (Tense) Consonants<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nPractice reading these words with your partner. Then circle the word that your partner says.\r\n\r\n1)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc544\uac00 baby\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc544\uae4c a while ago\r\n\r\n2)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ud0c0\ub2e4 to ride\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ub530\ub2e4 to pick\r\n\r\n3)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc790\ub2e4 to sleep\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \ucc28\ub2e4 to kick\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc9dc\ub2e4 salty\r\n\r\n4)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc0ac\ub2e4 to buy\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc2f8\ub2e4 to be cheap\r\n\r\n5)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uac00\uc790 let\u2019s go\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uac00\uc9dc fake\r\n\r\n6)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uac00\ub2e4 to go\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uae4c\ub2e4 to peel\r\n\r\n7)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc544\ud30c to be sick\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc544\ube60 dad\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">Preliminaries I | \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uae30 I<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/preliminaries-i\/#p1\">1. Greetings<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/preliminaries-i\/#p2\">2. Deference in Korean Culture<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/preliminaries-i\/#p3\">3. \ud55c\uae00 The Korean Alphabet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1wb\/chapter\/preliminaries-1\/\">Preliminaries I Workbook Link<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox\"><a href=\"https:\/\/quizlet.com\/519533600\/preliminaries-1-basic-vowels-flash-cards\/\">Access the Quizlet<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"> <a id=\"p1\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><\/a>1. GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTIONS<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<h2><strong>When Meeting a New Friend<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.38.03-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1898 aligncenter\" width=\"488\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.38.03-PM.png 724w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.38.03-PM-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.38.03-PM-65x43.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.38.03-PM-225x150.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.38.03-PM-350x233.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 488px) 100vw, 488px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\n<div id=\"h5p-11\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-11\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"11\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_Pre1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p> <strong>When Meeting a New Teacher<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.37.20-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1899\" width=\"518\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.37.20-PM.png 804w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.37.20-PM-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.37.20-PM-768x481.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.37.20-PM-65x41.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.37.20-PM-225x141.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.37.20-PM-350x219.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 518px) 100vw, 518px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\n<div id=\"h5p-12\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-12\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"12\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_Pre2\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>When Leaving a Classroom<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.38.19-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1897\" width=\"507\" height=\"272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.38.19-PM.png 860w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.38.19-PM-300x161.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.38.19-PM-768x413.png 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.38.19-PM-65x35.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.38.19-PM-225x121.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-06-04-at-2.38.19-PM-350x188.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 507px) 100vw, 507px\" \/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"h5p-13\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-13\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"13\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_Pre3\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>New Vocabulary and Expressions<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"font-weight: normal; width: 101.422%; height: 176px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 52px;\">\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><em>Annyeonghaseyo<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 52px;\">Hello.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 52px;\">\uc548\ub155\ud788 \uac00\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n<p><em>Annyeonghi gaseyo<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 52px;\">Goodbye (to a person<br \/>\nwho is leaving).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 80px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 37px;\">(\ub9cc\ub098\uc11c) \ubc18\uac11\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><em>(Mannaseo) Bangapseumnida<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 37px;\">Nice to meet you.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 37px;\">\uc548\ub155\ud788 \uacc4\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n<p><em>Annyeonghi gyeseyo<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 37px;\">Goodbye (to a person<br \/>\nwho is staying).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 111px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 77px;\">\uc798 \ubd80\ud0c1 \ub4dc\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p><em>Jal butakdeurimnida<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 77px;\">I&#8217;ll be obliged to you.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 77px;\">\uc528<\/p>\n<p><em>ssi<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 77px;\">Mr.\/Ms.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 54px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 10px;\">NAME\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>NAME<em>imnida<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 10px;\">am\/is\/are NAME<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 10px;\">\uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8<\/p>\n<p><em>seonsaengnim<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 10px;\">teacher<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0em;\"><span style=\"color: #696969;\">\ub2e8\uc5b4 \uba54\ubaa8\uc9c0 Vocabulary Notes<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><strong>1. Greetings in Korean<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"indent no-indent\">Formality and social hierarchy matter greatly in Korean culture, and the language is a barometer of the practice. In the first few lessons of this book, you will be learning polite ways of addressing people and introducing yourself.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694? <em>Annyeonghaseyo?&#8221;<\/em> is a light-hearted greeting, hello, that can be used all day.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;\ubc18\uac11\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. B<em>angapseumnida <\/em>(literally, I am pleased).&#8221; is a phrase used to express that you are happy to meet someone. If it is the first time you are meeting the person, the full phrase is more appropriate: \ub9cc\ub098\uc11c \ubc18\uac11\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 <em>Mannaseo bangapseumnida <\/em>(Pleased to meet you).<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;\uc798 \ubd80\ud0c1\ub4dc\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4. <em>Jal butakdeurimnida.&#8221; <\/em>is a humble expression that lets the other person know that you are recognizing them as someone with more experience or know-how, who can potentially help you be looked after in the community. In a sense, you are saying, &#8220;I&#8217;m entrusting myself to you.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. NAME<span>\u2013<\/span>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4 <em>imnida<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In Korean, the subject can be dropped, as long as the speaker and the listener know who is being talked about. So, you can just say &#8220;NAME\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4 <em>imnida<\/em>&#8221; to introduce yourself. It means &#8220;(I) am NAME.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \uc528\u00a0<em>ssi.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;\uc528 <em>ssi<\/em>&#8221; is used after a first name or a full name as a formal way to address people politely. In written form, there is always a space before \uc528 <em>ssi<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc740\ube44 \uc528 <em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Eunbi ssi<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\ubc15\uc740\ube44 \uc528 <em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Park <\/em><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Eunbi ssi<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is roughly equivalent to Mr. or Ms. in English, but there are two important differences between the Korean \uc528 <em>ssi<\/em> and English Mr. or Ms. First, the expression \u201cname \uc528 <em>ssi<\/em>\u201d can only be used when you are talking to or about your equals, such as colleagues and friends. <span style=\"color: #000000;\">And <strong>do not refer to yourself using the word \uc528 <em>ssi<\/em><\/strong>! Sec<\/span>ondly, you should not address someone using his or her last name + \uc528 <em>ssi<\/em>. For example, \uae40 \uc528 Kim <em>ssi<\/em> is NOT a polite way to address Mr. Kim or Ms. Kim in Korea! You will learn other ways to address people respectfully in later lessons.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1.\u00a0Greetings and Introductions<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2021\/06\/IMG_3548-1024x651.jpeg\" alt=\"two girls greeting each other\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-854\" width=\"395\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2021\/06\/IMG_3548-1024x651.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2021\/06\/IMG_3548-300x191.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2021\/06\/IMG_3548-768x488.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2021\/06\/IMG_3548-1536x977.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2021\/06\/IMG_3548-65x41.jpeg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2021\/06\/IMG_3548-225x143.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2021\/06\/IMG_3548-350x223.jpeg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2021\/06\/IMG_3548.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 395px) 100vw, 395px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Greet your friend using expressions you have just learned. Don&#8217;t forget to introduce yourself to them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2. Greetings and Introductions<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>What would you say in the following situations? Practice with your partner.<\/p>\n<p>1) What would you say if you met a teacher in the street (say hello to them)?<\/p>\n<p>2) What would you say if you were leaving the classroom and wanted to say goodbye to your friend?<\/p>\n<p>3) What would you say if your friend were leaving your home and you wanted to say goodbye to them?<\/p>\n<p>4) What would you say if you met a new friend at a party and wanted to ask their name?<\/p>\n<p>5) What would you say if you also wanted to introduce yourself to that friend?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"> <a id=\"p2\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><\/a>2. DEFERENCE IN KOREAN CULTURE<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<h2><strong>Politeness and Respect<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>With older people (as well as teachers), Koreans speak and act with deference and respect. Family history, ancestors, and parents play a central role in Korean culture. Along with schooling, connections are very important in advancing one\u2019s career and social standing. Therefore, one\u2019s parents must be respected, and you should respect other older people too, lest they judge your family according to your behavior. Whatever the origins or basis for the system, Koreans show respect for their elders and superiors in many ways. Here are a few ways you can show proper respect:<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Two Hands:<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Always give and receive using both hands and full attention.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Bowing:<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Greet elders with a bow. The first time you see them, it should be a full 45\u00b0 bow, from the waist and with your arms at your sides. Afterward, you should still bow, but less deeply, gradually becoming a nod. Do not make eye contact, as this will appear defiant.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, there is traditional bowing (\uc138\ubc30 <em>sebae<\/em>) at the new year, wherein youngsters make a full ceremonial bow, on their knees, to the floor \u2014 and then receive a blessing and a monetary allowance (\uc138\ubc43\ub3c8 <em>sebaetdon<\/em>) from their elders.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Honorifics:<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Deference for one\u2019s elders and superiors shows in the language, which has a system of marking politeness and social distance on its verbs, as well as an honorifics system (words and conjugations) that honors others and humbles oneself.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Teachers:<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>With a Korean teacher, always give and receive papers and objects with two hands, and always show deference to the \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8 <em>seonsaengnim<\/em>. \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8 <em>seonsaengnim<\/em> is a highly respected title in Korea that stays with the person even when they are no longer your current teacher. Students\u2019 parents, past students, and even the teacher\u2019s colleagues will always address a teacher as \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8 <em>seonsaengnim<\/em> and show proper respect. In fact, the \ub2d8 <em>nim<\/em> in \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8 <em>seonsaengnim<\/em> is an honorific suffix reserved for kings, gods, others\u2019<br \/>\nparents, and high officials \u2013 and teachers.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"> <a id=\"p3\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><\/a>\u00a03. \ud55c\uae00 THE KOREAN ALPHABET<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<h2><strong>What do you know about Korean?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>In groups, find the right answer for each question. Guessing is OK! <b>\u263a<\/b><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">True or false?<\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>Korean is spoken as a native language in the Korean peninsula alone.<\/li>\n<li>Korean is the same language as Japanese or Chinese; it is called Korean because of where it is spoken.<\/li>\n<li>The Korean writing system is pictographic (or ideographic) like Chinese. You can in most cases guess the meaning if you stare at the \u201ccharacters\u201d for a while.<\/li>\n<li>The Korean writing system is truly phonetic. As long as you know the alphabet, you can write what you hear and get the correct spelling of the words.<\/li>\n<li>North Koreans speak a variety of Russian and South Koreans speak a variety of Chinese.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Pick the correct answer.<\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>What is &#8220;Hangeul&#8221;?\n<ol>\n<li>Korean alphabet<\/li>\n<li>Korean language<\/li>\n<li>Korean people<\/li>\n<li>Korean food<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Who created &#8220;Hangeul&#8221;?\n<ol>\n<li>Kim Dangun<\/li>\n<li>Shin Saimdang<\/li>\n<li>Yi Sun-sin<\/li>\n<li>King Sejong<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>When was &#8220;Hangeul&#8221; invented?\n<ol>\n<li>2333 BCE<\/li>\n<li>15th Century<\/li>\n<li>18th Century<\/li>\n<li>1945<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Korean is spoken as a native language by\n<ol>\n<li>about 25 million<\/li>\n<li>about 50 million<\/li>\n<li>about 75 million<\/li>\n<li>about 100 million<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><strong>About Hangeul<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1. \ud55c\uae00 Hangeul<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The Korean alphabet, Hangeul, was created in the 15th century by King Sejong. He and his scholars developed the vowel letters of Hangeul according to the three components of the universe: heaven (\u3147), earth (\u3161), and humankind (\u3163). The consonant letters of Hangeul were designed based on linguistic considerations of how each sound is made in the mouth.<\/p>\n<p>The Korean alphabet consists of 21 vowel letters and 19 consonant letters. For the most part, each letter is pronounced individually and in one way (unlike English, which has <em>combinations<\/em>, like \u201cch,\u201d and <em>different<\/em> pronunciations of letters, like the &#8216;a&#8217; in <em>f<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">a<\/span>ther<\/em> vs. <em>c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">a<\/span>ke<\/em>).<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100.459%; height: 140px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 14px;\">Vowels<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.0107%; height: 14px;\">Simple<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.6559%; height: 14px;\">\u314f \u3151 \u3153 \u3155 \u3157 \u315b \u315c \u3160 \u3161 \u3163<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 16px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.0107%; height: 16px;\">Complex<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.6559%; height: 16px;\">\u3150 \u3154 \u3152 \u3156 \u3158 \u3159 \u315a \u315d \u315e \u315f \u3162<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 13px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 13px;\">Consonants<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.0107%; height: 13px;\">Simple<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.6559%; height: 13px;\">\u3131 \u3134 \u3137 \u3139 \u3141 \u3142 \u3145 \u3147 \u3148 \u314a \u314b \u314c \u314d \u314e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 16px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.0107%; height: 16px;\">Double<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.6559%; height: 16px;\">\u3132 \u3138 \u3143 \u3146 \u3149<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2. Letters Into Syllables<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>In Korean, each written \u201ccharacter\u201d (called a <em>geul-ja<\/em> \uae00\uc790) is one syllable made up of consonant and vowel letters. Some \uae00\uc790 <em>geul-ja<\/em> have only a vowel (similar to the English <em>a<\/em>), some have a consonant followed by a vowel (similar to English <em>to<\/em>), and some have a vowel followed by a consonant (similar to the English <em>an<\/em>). Yet<br \/>\nother \uae00\uc790 <em>geul-ja<\/em> have a consonant followed by a vowel and a consonant (similar to the English <em>pan<\/em>). Finally, Korean \uae00\uc790 <em>geul-ja<\/em> can end in (a limited set of) two consonants (like the English <em>cost<\/em> or <em>bulk<\/em>), but they can <em>NEVER<\/em> begin with more than one consonant (that is, no syllables like the English <em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">s<\/span>top<\/em> and <em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">c<\/span>rush<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>The Korean geul-ja is written in one of two patterns:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3546-300x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-42 aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3546-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3546-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3546-65x65.jpeg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3546-225x224.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3546-350x349.jpeg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3546.jpeg 566w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\"><strong>OR<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3547-296x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-43 aligncenter\" width=\"296\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3547-296x300.jpeg 296w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3547-65x66.jpeg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3547-225x228.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3547-350x355.jpeg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3547.jpeg 541w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>A \u201cvertical vowel\u201d is one where the main stroke is vertical. And the final consonant may or may not be present in the \uae00\uc790 <em>geul-ja<\/em> (it depends on the word you\u2019re writing).<\/p>\n<p>The beginning consonant is not optional, however. When there is no consonant sound at the beginning of the syllable, a placeholder letter, \u3147, is used. In this case, the letter \u3147 (normally the [ng] sound) is not pronounced.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">3. Writing Hangeul<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Modern Korean is written left-to-right and top-to-bottom, just like English. For the most part, so is each letter and each syllable.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\uae30\ubcf8 \ubaa8\uc74c Basic Vowels <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The following list includes the 14 basic Korean vowel letters\u2014 10 simple, 4 complex). The name of each vowel letter is the same as its pronunciation. Two standard romanizations and pronunciation tips are given as well. For the simple vowels, the vowels are given in the order they would appear in most Korean dictionaries.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 101.04%; height: 210px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>Vowel<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\"><strong>Romanization<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\"><strong>Pronunciation Tips<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u314f<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-42\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-42\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"42\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_V1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">a<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 10px;\"><em>a<\/em> as in <em>father<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">\uc544\uc774<\/p>\n<p>kid<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 10px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151.jpeg\" alt=\"one girl and one boy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-57\" width=\"129\" height=\"54\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151.jpeg 606w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151-300x127.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151-65x27.jpeg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151-225x95.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151-350x148.jpeg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 129px) 100vw, 129px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3151<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-43\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-43\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"43\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_V2\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">ya<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 10px;\"><em>y + ah<\/em> as in <em>yacht<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">\uc544\uc57c!<\/p>\n<p>ouch!<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 10px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3552-e1653324144879-300x178.jpeg\" alt=\"ouch!\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-58\" width=\"119\" height=\"71\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3552-e1653324144879-300x178.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3552-e1653324144879-768x457.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3552-e1653324144879-65x39.jpeg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3552-e1653324144879-225x134.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3552-e1653324144879-350x208.jpeg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3552-e1653324144879.jpeg 770w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 119px) 100vw, 119px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3153<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-44\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-44\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"44\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_V3\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">eo<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 10px;\">somewhat like the <em>uh<\/em> sound in <em>b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">u<\/span>t<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">\uc774\uc5b4\uc694<\/p>\n<p>link-polite<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 10px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3553-e1653324160775.jpeg\" alt=\"chain links\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-59\" width=\"112\" height=\"72\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3553-e1653324160775.jpeg 277w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3553-e1653324160775-65x42.jpeg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3553-e1653324160775-225x145.jpeg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 112px) 100vw, 112px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u3155<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-45\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-45\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"45\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_V4\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">yeo<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\"><em>y + uh<\/em> as in <em>young<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc5ec\uc6b0<\/p>\n<p>fox<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3554-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"fox that is sitting\" class=\"wp-image-60 aligncenter\" width=\"82\" height=\"82\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3554-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3554-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3554-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3554-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3554.jpg 327w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 82px) 100vw, 82px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u3157<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-46\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-46\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"46\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_V5\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">o<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\">like the Spanish <em>o<\/em> in <em>c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">o<\/span>mo<\/em>, but not<br \/>\nas long and gliding as the English <em>l<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ow<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc624\uc774<\/p>\n<p>cucumber<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3555-e1653319042102-300x141.jpg\" alt=\"cucumber\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-61 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"141\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3555-e1653319042102-300x141.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3555-e1653319042102-65x31.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3555-e1653319042102-225x106.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3555-e1653319042102.jpg 345w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u315b<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-47\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-47\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"47\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_V6\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">yo<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\"><em>y + o<\/em> as in <em>yo-yo<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc694\uc694<\/p>\n<p>yo-yo<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3556-e1653324218713-300x195.jpg\" alt=\"red yo-yo\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-62\" width=\"119\" height=\"77\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3556-e1653324218713-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3556-e1653324218713-65x42.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3556-e1653324218713-225x146.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3556-e1653324218713.jpg 319w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 119px) 100vw, 119px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u315c<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-48\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-48\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"48\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_V7\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">u<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\"><em>oo<\/em> as in<em style=\"font-size: 16.8px;\">\u00a0m<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">oo<\/span>d<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 stick out your lips!<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc544\uc6b0<\/p>\n<p>younger sibling<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3557-e1653324240871-300x123.jpg\" alt=\"two girls with pigtails\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-63 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"123\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3557-e1653324240871-300x123.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3557-e1653324240871-65x27.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3557-e1653324240871-225x92.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3557-e1653324240871-350x143.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3557-e1653324240871.jpg 695w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u3160<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-49\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-49\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"49\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_V8\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">yu<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\"><em>y + oo<\/em> as in <em>you<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc6b0\uc720<\/p>\n<p>milk<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3558-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"blue milk carton with cow image\" class=\"wp-image-64 aligncenter\" width=\"96\" height=\"96\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u3161<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-50\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-50\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"50\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_V9\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">eu<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\">like the <em>oo<\/em> in <em>h<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">oo<\/span>k<\/em> but without<br \/>\nrounding your lips<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc73c\uc544!<\/p>\n<p>wow!<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3559-e1653319525394-300x160.jpg\" alt=\"wow!\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-65 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3559-e1653319525394-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3559-e1653319525394-65x35.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3559-e1653319525394-225x120.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3559-e1653319525394-350x186.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3559-e1653319525394.jpg 716w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u3163<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-51\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-51\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"51\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_V10\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">i<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\"><em>ee<\/em> as in <em>t<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ee<\/span>th<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc774<\/p>\n<p>teeth<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3560-e1653324312191-296x300.jpg\" alt=\"tooth with a smile\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-66\" width=\"84\" height=\"85\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3560-e1653324312191-296x300.jpg 296w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3560-e1653324312191-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3560-e1653324312191-65x66.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3560-e1653324312191-225x228.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3560-e1653324312191-350x355.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3560-e1653324312191.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 84px) 100vw, 84px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3150<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-52\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-52\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"52\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_V11\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">e<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 10px;\"><em>e<\/em> as in <em>b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">e<\/span>d<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">\uc560<\/p>\n<p>child<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 10px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151-300x127.jpeg\" alt=\"one girl and one boy\" class=\"wp-image-57 size-medium aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151-300x127.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151-65x27.jpeg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151-225x95.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151-350x148.jpeg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151.jpeg 606w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u3154<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-54\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-54\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"54\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_V12\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">ae<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\"><em>e<\/em> as in <em>b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">e<\/span>d<\/em> or <em>a<\/em> as in <em>b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">a<\/span>ke<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc5d0<\/p>\n<p>in, on, at<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3561-e1653324400135.jpg\" alt=\"location marker\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-67\" width=\"69\" height=\"90\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3561-e1653324400135.jpg 157w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3561-e1653324400135-65x85.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 69px) 100vw, 69px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u3152<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-55\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-55\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"55\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_V13\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">ye<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 16px;\"><em>y + eh<\/em> as in <em>yes<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 16px;\">\uc598<\/p>\n<p>hey, you!<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 16px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3562-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Black boy yelling with hands around mouth\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-68\" width=\"97\" height=\"97\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.9708%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3156<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-56\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-56\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"56\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_V14\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">yae<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.1132%; height: 10px;\"><em>y + eh<\/em> as in <em>yes<\/em> or <em>Yates<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.5674%; height: 10px;\">\uc608<\/p>\n<p>yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.3798%; height: 10px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3563-e1653324443808-300x113.jpg\" alt=\"yes with green check mark\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-69 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3563-e1653324443808-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3563-e1653324443808-65x24.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3563-e1653324443808-225x84.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3563-e1653324443808-350x131.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3563-e1653324443808.jpg 573w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some people from the older generations (over 60 or 70 years old) might have a vowel LENGTH distinction, where the word \ub9d0: with a long \u314f means something different from the word \ub9d0 with a short \u314f, for example. This length is not shown in the spelling, however.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It might be helpful to remember that the addition of a short stroke adds the pronunciation y as in \uc560 vs. \uc598.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Have you noticed that some vowels are written to the right and others underneath the placeholder \u3147?\u00a0 Do you remember what the principle behind this difference is?\u00a0 (The answer is\u2026 vowels written with a long vertical stroke like \u201c\u3163\u201d and \u201c\u3154\u201d come to the right of the first consonant [or the placeholder] in the \uae00\uc790 geul-ja, and vowels written with a long horizontal stroke like \u201c\u3161\u201d and \u201c\u315c\u201d are written underneath the consonant.)<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1. Reading Basic Vowels<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Here are some key points about pronouncing these vowels:<\/p>\n<p>Korean vowels are never glided like they are in English (e.g., <em>baby [bay-bee]<\/em>). Korean vowels are pure vowels; your jaw shouldn\u2019t move while pronouncing a vowel. They are much like Spanish or French vowels. For example, compare bay to the French b\u00e9b\u00e9. Or, consider a bad English pronunciation of the Spanish word bueno (boo-AY-no-u) vs. the Spanish pronunciation (bweh-no). Also, Korean vowels should not be cut short like Japanese vowels often are.<\/p>\n<p>Among the Korean vowels, <strong>\uc6b0<\/strong> vs. <strong>\uc624<\/strong>\u00a0 and <strong>\uc5b4<\/strong> vs. <strong>\uc544<\/strong> are the most difficult to distinguish. You can best learn to differentiate them by repeated listening and speaking practice! Listen to your teacher or native speaker friends say the following words over and over!<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\uc624<\/strong>\ub9ac (duck) vs. <strong>\uc6b0<\/strong>\ub9ac (we)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\uace0<\/strong>\uae30 (meat) vs.\u00a0 <strong>\uac70<\/strong>\uae30 (there)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\uc5ec<\/strong>\uae30 (here) vs.\u00a0<strong> \uc694<\/strong>\uae30 (right here)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\uc544<\/strong>\ub2c8 (no) vs. <strong>\uc5b8<\/strong>\ub2c8 (big sister)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\ub2e4<\/strong> (all) vs. <strong>\ub354<\/strong> (more) vs. <strong>\ub3c4<\/strong> (also)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2. Writing Basic Vowels<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>All letters are written from top-to-bottom and left-to-right.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanVowelChart-241x300.png\" alt=\"Korean Vowel Chart\" width=\"370\" height=\"461\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanVowelChart-241x300.png 241w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanVowelChart-65x81.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanVowelChart-225x280.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanVowelChart-350x435.png 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanVowelChart.png 737w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. Basic Vowels<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Practice reading these words with your partner. Then circle the word that your partner says.<\/p>\n<p>1)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc624\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc5b4<\/p>\n<p>2)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc73c\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc774<\/p>\n<p>3)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc544\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc5b4\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc624\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc6b0<\/p>\n<p>4)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc57c\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc694\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc5ec\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc720<\/p>\n<p>5)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc544\uc774\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc624\uc774<\/p>\n<p>6)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc5ec\uc6b0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc6b0\uc720<\/p>\n<p>7)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc560\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc608<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2.\u00a0Basic Vowels<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Practice reading these words with your partner. Then circle the word that your partner says.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 192px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 106px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 106px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3555-e1653319042102-300x141.jpg\" alt=\"cucumber\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-61 aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"141\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3555-e1653319042102-300x141.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3555-e1653319042102-65x31.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3555-e1653319042102-225x106.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3555-e1653319042102.jpg 345w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 106px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3558-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"blue milk carton with cow image\" class=\"wp-image-64 size-medium aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 106px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3554-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"fox that is sitting\" class=\"wp-image-60 aligncenter\" width=\"94\" height=\"94\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3554-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3554-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3554-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3554-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3554.jpg 327w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 94px) 100vw, 94px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 106px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3556-e1653324218713-300x195.jpg\" alt=\"red yo-yo\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-62 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3556-e1653324218713-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3556-e1653324218713-65x42.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3556-e1653324218713-225x146.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3556-e1653324218713.jpg 319w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 106px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151-300x127.jpeg\" alt=\"one girl and one boy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-57 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151-300x127.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151-65x27.jpeg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151-225x95.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151-350x148.jpeg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3551-e1653324129151.jpeg 606w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc624\uc774<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc6b0\uc720<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc5ec\uc6b0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc694\uc694<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc544\uc774<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3559-e1653319525394-300x160.jpg\" alt=\"wow!\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-65 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3559-e1653319525394-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3559-e1653319525394-65x35.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3559-e1653319525394-225x120.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3559-e1653319525394-350x186.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3559-e1653319525394.jpg 716w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3552-e1653324144879-300x178.jpeg\" alt=\"ouch!\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-58 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3552-e1653324144879-300x178.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3552-e1653324144879-768x457.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3552-e1653324144879-65x39.jpeg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3552-e1653324144879-225x134.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3552-e1653324144879-350x208.jpeg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3552-e1653324144879.jpeg 770w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3553-e1653324160775.jpeg\" alt=\"chain links\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-59 size-full\" width=\"277\" height=\"178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3553-e1653324160775.jpeg 277w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3553-e1653324160775-65x42.jpeg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3553-e1653324160775-225x145.jpeg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 277px) 100vw, 277px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3563-e1653324443808-300x113.jpg\" alt=\"yes with green check mark\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-69 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3563-e1653324443808-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3563-e1653324443808-65x24.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3563-e1653324443808-225x84.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3563-e1653324443808-350x131.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3563-e1653324443808.jpg 573w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3564-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"red capital letter a\" class=\"wp-image-72 aligncenter\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3564-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3564-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3564-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3564-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3564.jpg 347w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 89px) 100vw, 89px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc73c\uc544!<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc544\uc57c!<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc774\uc5b4\uc694<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc608<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 15px;\">\uc5d0\uc774<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4><strong>\uae30\ubcf8 \uc790\uc74c Basic Consonants<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Here are the 14 Korean consonant letters. The name of each consonant is given next to the letter, along with pronunciation guidelines. The consonants are given in the order they would appear in most Korean dictionaries.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 99.1283%; height: 1738px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 16px;\"><strong>Letter<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\"><strong>With \u314f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 16px;\"><strong>Name of the Letter<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 16px;\"><strong>Pronunciation<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 16px;\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3131<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\uac00<strong><em><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-23\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-23\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"23\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_C1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\uae30\uc5ed <em>gi-yeok<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">soft <em>k<\/em> or <em>g<\/em> as in <em>again<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\">\uc544<strong>\uac00<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>baby<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3565-e1653324542101-284x300.jpg\" alt=\"baby with a pacifier in a swaddle\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74\" width=\"71\" height=\"75\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3565-e1653324542101-284x300.jpg 284w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3565-e1653324542101-65x69.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3565-e1653324542101-225x238.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3565-e1653324542101.jpg 329w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 71px) 100vw, 71px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3134<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ub098<strong><em><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-24\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-24\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"24\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_C2\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ub2c8\uc740 <em>ni-eun<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\"><em>n<\/em> as in <em>nose<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\ub098<\/strong>\uc774<\/p>\n<p>age<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3566.jpg\" alt=\"tree stump with arrow pointing to rings\" class=\"wp-image-75 aligncenter\" width=\"83\" height=\"83\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3566.jpg 242w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3566-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3566-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3566-225x225.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 83px) 100vw, 83px\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3137<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ub2e4<strong><em><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-25\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-25\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"25\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_C3\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ub514\uadff <em>di-geut<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">soft <em>t<\/em> or <em>d<\/em> as in <em>day<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\">\ubc14<strong>\ub2e4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ocean<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3567-e1653324575189-300x156.jpg\" alt=\"waves with sun and two birds flying overhead\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-76 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"156\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3139<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ub77c<strong><span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-26\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-26\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"26\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_C4\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ub9ac\uc744<em> ri-eul<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">like a Spanish <em>r<\/em> (tap) between vowels <span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;\">or <em>l<\/em> at the end of words<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\">\ub098<strong>\ub77c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>country<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3577-e1653324597312-300x196.jpg\" alt=\"Korean flag, American flag, French flag, and Japanese flag\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-85 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3577-e1653324597312-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3577-e1653324597312-65x42.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3577-e1653324597312-225x147.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3577-e1653324597312-350x229.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3577-e1653324597312.jpg 543w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3141<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ub9c8<strong><em><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-27\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-27\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"27\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_C5\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ubbf8\uc74c <em>mi-eum<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\"><em>m<\/em> as in <em>mouse<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\">\uc774<strong>\ub9c8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>forehead<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3569-e1653324615653-298x300.jpg\" alt=\"face with arrow pointing to forehead\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-77\" width=\"79\" height=\"79\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3569-e1653324615653-298x300.jpg 298w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3569-e1653324615653-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3569-e1653324615653-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3569-e1653324615653-225x226.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3569-e1653324615653.jpg 328w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 79px) 100vw, 79px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3142<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ubc14<strong><em><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-28\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-28\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"28\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_C6\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ube44\uc74d <em>bi-eup<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">soft <em>p<\/em> or <em>b<\/em> as in <em>baby<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\ubc14<\/strong>\ub098\ub098<\/p>\n<p>banana<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3570-e1653324635767-300x250.jpg\" alt=\"two bananas\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-78 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3570-e1653324635767-300x250.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3570-e1653324635767-65x54.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3570-e1653324635767-225x187.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3570-e1653324635767.jpg 328w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3145<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\uc0ac<strong><span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-29\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-29\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"29\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_C7\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\uc2dc\uc637 <em>shi-ot<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\"><em>s<\/em> as in <em>sigh<\/em> <span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;\">(<em>sh<\/em> before\u3163or \u315f)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\">\uc774<strong>\uc0ac<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>moving<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3571-e1653324654552-300x205.jpg\" alt=\"two houses side by side with arrow pointing from one house to another\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-79 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3571-e1653324654552-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3571-e1653324654552-65x44.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3571-e1653324654552-225x154.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3571-e1653324654552-350x239.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3571-e1653324654552.jpg 397w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3147<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\uc544<strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-30\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-30\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"30\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_C8\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\uc774\uc751 <em>i-eung<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">silent in the initial position; <em>ng<\/em> at the end, as in \u201csi<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ng<\/span>\u201d<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\uc544<\/strong>\uac00<\/p>\n<p>baby<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3565-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"baby with a pacifier in a swaddle\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74\" width=\"84\" height=\"84\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3148<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\uc790<strong><em><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-31\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-31\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"31\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_C9\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\uc9c0\uc752 <em>ji-eut<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">soft or <em>j<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\uc790<\/strong>\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>to sleep<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3572-e1653324688923-300x147.jpg\" alt=\"zzz... with moon and stars\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-80 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"147\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3572-e1653324688923-300x147.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3572-e1653324688923-65x32.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3572-e1653324688923-225x110.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3572-e1653324688923-350x171.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3572-e1653324688923.jpg 723w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 34px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u314a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ucc28<strong><em><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-32\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-32\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"32\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_C10\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\uce58\uc753 <em>chi-eut<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">aspirated <em>ch<\/em> (with a burst of air) as in <em>cheese<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\ucc28<\/strong>\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>to kick<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3573-e1653324711384-300x183.jpg\" alt=\"foot wearing a red sneaker kicking a soccer ball\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-81 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"183\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3573-e1653324711384-300x183.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3573-e1653324711384-65x40.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3573-e1653324711384-225x138.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3573-e1653324711384-350x214.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3573-e1653324711384.jpg 476w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u314b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\uce74<strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-33\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-33\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"33\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_C11\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ud0a4\uc754 <em>k<sup>h<\/sup>i-euk<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">aspirated <em>k<\/em> as in <em>krazy<\/em>!<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\uce74\uce74<\/strong>\uc624<\/p>\n<p>cacao<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938-300x192.jpg\" alt=\"two cacao beans\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-86 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938-65x42.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938-225x144.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938.jpg 321w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u314c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ud0c0<strong><em><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-34\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-34\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"34\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_C12\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ud2f0\uc755 <em>t<sup>h<\/sup>i-eut<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">aspirated <em>t<\/em> as in <em>attack<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\ud0c0<\/strong>\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>to ride<\/p>\n<p>to burn<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3574-e1653324743388-300x161.jpg\" alt=\"man riding a car and a flame\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-82 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3574-e1653324743388-300x161.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3574-e1653324743388-65x35.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3574-e1653324743388-225x121.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3574-e1653324743388-350x188.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3574-e1653324743388.jpg 698w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u314d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ud30c<strong><em><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-35\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-35\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"35\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_C13\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ud53c\uc756 <em>p<sup>h<\/sup>i-eup<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\">aspirated <em>p<\/em> as in <em>please<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\ud30c<\/strong>\uc774<\/p>\n<p>pie<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3575-e1653324762966.jpg\" alt=\"slice of pumpkin pie with dollop of whipped cream\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-83\" width=\"93\" height=\"93\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.66005%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u314e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.497%;\">\ud558<strong><em><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-36\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-36\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"36\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_C14\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6298%; height: 10px;\">\ud788\uc757 <em>hi-eut<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2581%; height: 10px;\"><em>h<\/em> as in <em>hello!<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.0411%; height: 10px;\"><strong>\ud558<\/strong>\ub9c8<\/p>\n<p>hippopotamus<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9474%;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3576-e1653324777305-300x234.jpg\" alt=\"hippopotamus\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-84 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3576-e1653324777305-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3576-e1653324777305-65x51.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3576-e1653324777305-225x175.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3576-e1653324777305.jpg 312w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">Pay attention to letters containing small strokes. Tiny strokes are sometimes hard to see, especially in print, and once you memorize the incorrect shape of a letter or \uae00\uc790 <em>geul-ja<\/em>, it can come back to haunt you for a long time!<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The letters \u3148, \u314a, \u314c, and \u314e may look quite different in different fonts and handwriting. Also, the consonant letters \u314e, \u3142, \u3137, \u3139, and \u3141 and the vowel letters \u314f and \u3153 can look very confusing when cursorily written by hand. Ask your teacher about the alternate ways of writing \u3148, \u314a, \u314c, and \u314e. Also ask them to write the letters \u314e, \u3142, \u3137, \u3139, \u3141,\u314f, and \u3153 sloppily on the board!<\/p>\n<p>Now, practice reading these words.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\uac00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\ub2e4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\ubc14<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\uc0ac<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\uc790<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3579-e1653324896339-300x244.jpg\" alt=\"girl sitting criss-cross and hands at heart\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-89 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3579-e1653324896339-300x244.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3579-e1653324896339-65x53.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3579-e1653324896339-225x183.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3579-e1653324896339.jpg 343w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-300x220.jpg\" alt=\"one bill with coins next to an apple\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-92 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-65x48.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-225x165.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-350x257.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304.jpg 377w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3567-e1653324814376-300x209.jpg\" alt=\"waves with sun and two birds flying overhead\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-76 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3567-e1653324814376-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3567-e1653324814376-65x45.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3567-e1653324814376-225x157.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3567-e1653324814376-350x244.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3567-e1653324814376.jpg 411w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3581-e1653324866523-300x110.jpg\" alt=\"circle and triangle with arrow symbolizing between\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91 aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"110\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3581-e1653324866523-300x110.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3581-e1653324866523-65x24.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3581-e1653324866523-225x82.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3581-e1653324866523-350x128.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3581-e1653324866523.jpg 462w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3580-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"lion\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-90\" width=\"98\" height=\"98\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\uc694\uac00<\/p>\n<p>yoga<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\uc0ac\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>to buy<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\ubc14\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>sea<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\uc0ac\uc774<\/p>\n<p>between<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\uc0ac\uc790<\/p>\n<p>lion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\uce74<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\ud0c0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\ud30c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\ucc28<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><strong>\ud558<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938-300x192.jpg\" alt=\"two cacao beans\" class=\"wp-image-86 size-medium aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938-65x42.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938-225x144.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938.jpg 321w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3583.jpg\" alt=\"tire\" class=\"wp-image-93 aligncenter\" width=\"96\" height=\"96\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3583.jpg 273w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3583-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3583-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3583-225x225.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 96px) 100vw, 96px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3575-e1653324951252.jpg\" alt=\"slice of pumpkin pie with dollop of whipped cream\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-83\" width=\"104\" height=\"98\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3575-e1653324951252.jpg 199w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3575-e1653324951252-65x61.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 104px) 100vw, 104px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3584-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"front of red car\" class=\"wp-image-94 aligncenter\" width=\"107\" height=\"107\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3585-e1653325007895-300x98.jpg\" alt=\"haha!\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-95 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"98\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3585-e1653325007895-300x98.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3585-e1653325007895-65x21.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3585-e1653325007895-225x73.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3585-e1653325007895-350x114.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3585-e1653325007895.jpg 526w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\uce74\uce74\uc624<\/p>\n<p>cacao<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\ud0c0\uc774\uc5b4<\/p>\n<p>tire<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\ud30c\uc774<\/p>\n<p>pie<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\ucc28<\/p>\n<p>car<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.906%;\">\ud558\ud558\ud558<\/p>\n<p>hahaha<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\"><strong>\ub098<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\"><strong>\ub77c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\"><strong>\ub9c8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\"><strong>\uc544<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3586-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"number one\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-97\" width=\"81\" height=\"81\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3587-e1653320230895-300x191.jpg\" alt=\"turtle\" class=\"wp-image-98 aligncenter\" width=\"127\" height=\"80\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3587-e1653320230895-300x191.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3587-e1653320230895-65x41.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3587-e1653320230895-225x143.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3587-e1653320230895.jpg 322w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 127px) 100vw, 127px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3588-e1653320250248-300x161.jpg\" alt=\"horse-drawn carriage\" class=\"wp-image-99 aligncenter\" width=\"142\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3588-e1653320250248-300x161.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3588-e1653320250248-65x35.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3588-e1653320250248-225x121.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3588-e1653320250248-350x188.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3588-e1653320250248.jpg 594w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 142px) 100vw, 142px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3565-e1653320276953-260x300.jpg\" alt=\"baby with a pacifier in a swaddle\" class=\"wp-image-74 aligncenter\" width=\"71\" height=\"82\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\">\ud558\ub098<\/p>\n<p>one<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\">\uc790\ub77c<\/p>\n<p>turtle<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\">\ub9c8\ucc28<\/p>\n<p>carriage<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.9216%;\">\uc544\uac00<\/p>\n<p>baby<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Here is a little trick to help you memorize the dictionary order of the simple consonants:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">C<\/span>a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">n<\/span>a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">d<\/span>a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">l<\/span>a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mps<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">a<\/span>re <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">J<\/span>ack <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Ch<\/span>urchill, (and) <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">K<\/span>athy <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Th<\/span>ompson\u2019s <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">p<\/span>arents\u2019 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">h<\/span>obby.<\/p>\n<p>\uac00 \ub098 \ub2e4 \ub77c \ub9c8 \ubc14 \uc0ac \uc544 \uc790 \ucc28 \uce74 \ud0c0 \ud30c \ud558<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1. Reading Basic Consonants<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Here are some key points about pronouncing these consonants.<\/p>\n<p>(1) Stop sounds (\u3131, \u3137, \u3142, \u3148)<\/p>\n<p>Simple stop consonants (\u3131, \u3137, \u3142, \u3148) have two different sound values in Korean:<\/p>\n<p>When they begin a word (especially after a pause or in slow speech), they sound like the English k, t, p, and ch. On the other hand, when they come word-medially (especially in fast speech), they sound like a weaker version of the English g, d, b, and j. So, the word \ubc14\ubcf4 (\u201cfool\u201d) in Korean may sound like pah-bo in English, although both syllables begin with \u3142. Practice saying the following phrases and sentences. (Better yet, repeat after your instructor or a Korean friend.):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\uac00<\/strong>\ub2e4 to go vs. \uc544<strong>\uac00<\/strong> baby\n<div id=\"h5p-14\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-14\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"14\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_BC1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\ub2e4<\/strong> all vs. \ubc14<strong>\ub2e4<\/strong> sea\n<div id=\"h5p-15\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-15\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"15\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_BC2\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\ubc14<\/strong>\ub2e4 sea vs. <strong>\ubc14<\/strong>\ubcf4 fool\n<div id=\"h5p-16\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-16\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"16\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_BC3\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\uc790<\/strong> ruler vs. \uac00<strong>\uc790<\/strong> let\u2019s go\n<div id=\"h5p-17\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-17\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"17\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_BC4\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(2) \u3145<\/p>\n<p>One note about the Korean s is that they are pronounced <em>sh<\/em> before the vowels \u3163 and \u315f and before vowels with a <em>y-<\/em> pronunciation (\uc57c, \uc5ec, \uc694\u2026). For the <em>sh<\/em> sound before \u3163 and <em>y-<\/em>, you shouldn\u2019t round your lips (or stick them out) the way you would in English. You <em>do<\/em> stick them out before \u315f, as if the \u315c got stuck on top of the <em>sh<\/em> sound.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\uc0ac<\/strong>\ub2e4 to buy vs. <strong>\uc0ac<\/strong>\uc790 lion\n<div id=\"h5p-18\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-18\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"18\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_BC5\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\uc2dc<\/strong> poem vs. <strong>\uc154<\/strong>\uc694\n<div id=\"h5p-19\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-19\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"19\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_BC6\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(3) \u3139<\/p>\n<p>Be aware that there are two kinds of \u3139 (i.e., two different pronunciations) in Korean. When \u3139 comes between vowels or at the beginning of a word, it sounds very much like the English <em>t<\/em> or <em>d<\/em> in words such as <em>water<\/em>, <em>butter<\/em>, or <em>ladder<\/em>. Ask your teacher or a native speaker friend to say the following words for you:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\ub77c<\/strong>\ub514\uc624 radio vs. \uac00<strong>\ub77c<\/strong> go (command)\n<div id=\"h5p-20\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-20\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"20\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_BC7\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\ub9ac<\/strong>\ubcf8 ribbon vs. \uba38<strong>\ub9ac<\/strong> head\n<div id=\"h5p-21\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-21\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"21\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_BC8\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\ub8e8<\/strong>\ube44 ruby vs. \ud558<strong>\ub8e8<\/strong> one day\n<div id=\"h5p-22\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-22\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"22\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_BC9\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Have you noticed something interesting in this column? Most \u3139- beginning words used in (South) Korea are those recently borrowed from<br \/>\nEnglish and other Western languages.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2. Writing Basic Consonants<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanConsonantChart-241x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"296\" height=\"368\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanConsonantChart-241x300.png 241w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanConsonantChart-65x81.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanConsonantChart-225x280.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanConsonantChart-350x435.png 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanConsonantChart.png 737w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. Basic Consonants<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Which of the following consonants (with the vowel \u1161) are in the wrong order? Put them in the correct<br \/>\ndictionary order.<\/p>\n<p>\uac00 \ub2e4 \ub77c \ub098 \ub9c8 \ubc14 \uc544 \uc0ac \uce74 \uc790 \ucc28 \ud558 \ud0c0 \ud30c<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2.\u00a0Basic Consonants<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Practice reading these words with your partner. Circle the word your partner says.<\/p>\n<p>1)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uac00\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ub2e4\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc0ac<\/p>\n<p>2)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ub098\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ub77c\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ub9c8<\/p>\n<p>3)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ub2e4\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ubc14\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ud558<\/p>\n<p>4)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uce74\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ud0c0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ud30c<\/p>\n<p>5)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ub098\ub77c\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc0ac\ub77c\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc790\ub77c<\/p>\n<p>6)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uac00\ub2e4\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ud0c0\ub2e4\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc790\ub2e4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 3.\u00a0Basic Consonants<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Practice reading these words with your partner. Circle the word your partner says.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 641px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 140px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3570-e1653324635767-300x250.jpg\" alt=\"two bananas\" class=\"wp-image-78 aligncenter\" width=\"121\" height=\"101\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3570-e1653324635767-300x250.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3570-e1653324635767-65x54.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3570-e1653324635767-225x187.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3570-e1653324635767.jpg 328w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 121px) 100vw, 121px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-300x220.jpg\" alt=\"one bill with coins next to an apple\" class=\"wp-image-92 aligncenter\" width=\"126\" height=\"93\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-65x48.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-225x165.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-350x257.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304.jpg 377w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 126px) 100vw, 126px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3585-e1653325007895-300x98.jpg\" alt=\"haha!\" class=\"wp-image-95 size-medium aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"98\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3585-e1653325007895-300x98.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3585-e1653325007895-65x21.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3585-e1653325007895-225x73.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3585-e1653325007895-350x114.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3585-e1653325007895.jpg 526w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3575-e1653324951252.jpg\" alt=\"slice of pumpkin pie with dollop of whipped cream\" class=\"wp-image-83 aligncenter\" width=\"109\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3575-e1653324951252.jpg 199w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3575-e1653324951252-65x61.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 109px) 100vw, 109px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ubc14\ub098\ub098<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc0ac\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ud558\ud558\ud558<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ud30c\uc774<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 140px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938-300x192.jpg\" alt=\"two cacao beans\" class=\"wp-image-86 size-medium aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938-65x42.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938-225x144.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3578-e1653324725938.jpg 321w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3581-e1653324866523-300x110.jpg\" alt=\"circle and triangle with arrow symbolizing between\" class=\"wp-image-91 size-medium aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"110\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3581-e1653324866523-300x110.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3581-e1653324866523-65x24.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3581-e1653324866523-225x82.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3581-e1653324866523-350x128.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3581-e1653324866523.jpg 462w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3579-e1653324896339-300x244.jpg\" alt=\"girl sitting criss-cross and hands at heart\" class=\"wp-image-89 aligncenter\" width=\"129\" height=\"105\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3579-e1653324896339-300x244.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3579-e1653324896339-65x53.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3579-e1653324896339-225x183.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3579-e1653324896339.jpg 343w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 129px) 100vw, 129px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3573-e1653324711384-300x183.jpg\" alt=\"foot wearing a red sneaker kicking a soccer ball\" class=\"wp-image-81 aligncenter\" width=\"138\" height=\"85\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3573-e1653324711384-300x183.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3573-e1653324711384-65x40.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3573-e1653324711384-225x138.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3573-e1653324711384-350x214.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3573-e1653324711384.jpg 476w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 138px) 100vw, 138px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uce74\uce74\uc624<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc0ac\uc774<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc694\uac00<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ucc28\ub2e4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 161px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 161px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3567-e1653324814376-300x209.jpg\" alt=\"waves with sun and two birds flying overhead\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-76 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3567-e1653324814376-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3567-e1653324814376-65x45.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3567-e1653324814376-225x157.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3567-e1653324814376-350x244.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3567-e1653324814376.jpg 411w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 161px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3577-e1653324597312-300x196.jpg\" alt=\"Korean flag, American flag, French flag, and Japanese flag\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-85 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3577-e1653324597312-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3577-e1653324597312-65x42.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3577-e1653324597312-225x147.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3577-e1653324597312-350x229.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3577-e1653324597312.jpg 543w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 161px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3583.jpg\" alt=\"tire\" class=\"wp-image-93 aligncenter\" width=\"126\" height=\"126\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3583.jpg 273w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3583-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3583-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3583-225x225.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 126px) 100vw, 126px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 161px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3565-e1653320276953-260x300.jpg\" alt=\"baby with a pacifier in a swaddle\" class=\"wp-image-74 aligncenter\" width=\"99\" height=\"114\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ubc14\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ub098\ub77c<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ud0c0\uc774\uc5b4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc544\uac00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 140px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3580-e1653324914613-275x300.jpg\" alt=\"lion\" class=\"wp-image-90 aligncenter\" width=\"112\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3580-e1653324914613-275x300.jpg 275w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3580-e1653324914613-65x71.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3580-e1653324914613-225x245.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3580-e1653324914613.jpg 309w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 112px) 100vw, 112px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3576-e1653321249453-300x186.jpg\" alt=\"hippopotamus\" class=\"wp-image-84 size-medium aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"186\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3588-e1653320250248-300x161.jpg\" alt=\"horse-drawn carriage\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-99 aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3588-e1653320250248-300x161.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3588-e1653320250248-65x35.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3588-e1653320250248-225x121.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3588-e1653320250248-350x188.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3588-e1653320250248.jpg 594w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 140px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3587-e1653320230895-300x191.jpg\" alt=\"turtle\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-98 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3587-e1653320230895-300x191.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3587-e1653320230895-65x41.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3587-e1653320230895-225x143.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3587-e1653320230895.jpg 322w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc0ac\uc790<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ud558\ub9c8<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\ub9c8\ucc28<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 15px;\">\uc790\ub77c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><strong>\ubcf5\ubaa8\uc74c Complex Vowels<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Korean has the following complex vowels. Not all of them have complex pronunciations, but all are written as combinations of the simple vowel letters. The first three use \u3157 for the [w] sound and the next three use \u315c.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"width: 916px; height: 953px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99.6484px; height: 10px;\"><strong>Vowel<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 170.047px; height: 10px;\"><strong>Romanization<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 152.805px; height: 10px;\"><strong>Components<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 134.594px; height: 10px;\"><strong>Sound in English<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 109.055px; height: 10px;\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 152.195px;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99.6484px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3158<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-57\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-57\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"57\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_CV1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 170.047px; height: 10px;\"><em>wa<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 152.805px; height: 10px;\">\u3157 + \u314f<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 134.594px; height: 10px;\"><em>w + ah<\/em> as in <em>water<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 109.055px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\uc640<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>and<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 152.195px;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3589-e1653325233945-236x300.jpg\" alt=\"ampersand\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-101\" width=\"70\" height=\"89\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3589-e1653325233945-236x300.jpg 236w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3589-e1653325233945-65x83.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3589-e1653325233945-225x286.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3589-e1653325233945.jpg 247w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 70px) 100vw, 70px\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99.6484px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3159<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-58\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-58\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"58\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_CV2\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 170.047px; height: 10px;\"><em>we<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 152.805px; height: 10px;\">\u3157 + \u3150<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 134.594px; height: 10px;\"><em>w + eh<\/em> as in <em>weather<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 109.055px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\uc65c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>why<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 152.195px;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3590-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"three question marks\" class=\"wp-image-102 aligncenter\" width=\"81\" height=\"81\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3590-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3590-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3590-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3590-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3590-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3590.jpg 516w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 81px) 100vw, 81px\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 89px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99.6484px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u315a<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-59\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-59\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"59\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_CV3\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 170.047px; height: 10px;\"><em>we<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 152.805px; height: 10px;\">\u3157 + \u3163<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 134.594px; height: 10px;\"><em>w + eh<\/em> as in <em>weather<\/em><\/p>\n<p>(*NOT wee)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 109.055px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\uc678<\/strong>\uc6cc\uc694<\/p>\n<p>memorize (polite)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 152.195px;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"person reading a book with thought bubble overhead\" class=\"wp-image-103 aligncenter\" width=\"87\" height=\"87\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591.jpg 729w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 87px) 100vw, 87px\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 89px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99.6484px; height: 16px;\"><strong>\u315d<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-60\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-60\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"60\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_CV4\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 170.047px; height: 16px;\"><em>weo<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 152.805px; height: 16px;\">\u315c + \u3153<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 134.594px; height: 16px;\"><em>w + uh<\/em> as in <em>was<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 109.055px; height: 16px;\">\uc678<strong>\uc6cc<\/strong>\uc694<\/p>\n<p>memorize (polite)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 152.195px;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"person reading a book with thought bubble overhead\" class=\"wp-image-103 aligncenter\" width=\"87\" height=\"87\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591.jpg 729w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 87px) 100vw, 87px\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 89px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99.6484px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u315e<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-61\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-61\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"61\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_CV5\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 170.047px; height: 10px;\"><em>we<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 152.805px; height: 10px;\">\u315c +\u3154<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 134.594px; height: 10px;\"><em>w + eh<\/em> as in <em>weather<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 109.055px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\uc6e8<\/strong>\uc774\ud130<\/p>\n<p>waiter<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 152.195px;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3592-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"waiter serving a drink\" class=\"wp-image-104 aligncenter\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3592-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3592-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3592-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3592-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3592-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3592.jpg 377w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 89px) 100vw, 89px\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 89px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99.6484px; height: 58px;\"><strong>\u315f<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-62\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-62\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"62\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_CV6\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 170.047px; height: 58px;\"><em>wi<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 152.805px; height: 58px;\">\u315c + \u3163<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 134.594px; height: 58px;\"><em>w + ee<\/em> as in <em>Weaver<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 109.055px; height: 58px;\"><strong>\uc704<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>above, on<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 152.195px;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3593-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"arrow pointing up\" class=\"wp-image-105 aligncenter\" width=\"81\" height=\"81\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3593-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3593-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3593-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3593-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3593-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3593.jpg 377w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 81px) 100vw, 81px\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 81px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99.6484px; height: 10px;\">\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><strong><span class=\"very-tight\">\u3162<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-63\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-63\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"63\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_CV7\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 170.047px; height: 10px;\"><em>eui<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 152.805px; height: 10px;\">\u3161 + \u3163<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 134.594px; height: 10px;\">short <em>oo<\/em> (as in <em>hook<\/em>) + <em>ee<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 109.055px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\uc758<\/strong>\uc790<\/p>\n<p>chair<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 152.195px;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3594-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"chair with cushion\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-106\" width=\"83\" height=\"83\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It might be helpful to remember that added [w] sound comes from either an \u3157 or an \u315cdepending on the second vowel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">The vowel combinations \u3157\u3153, \u3157\u3154, \u315c\u314f, and\u00a0 \u315c\u3150do not occur in Korean. This has to do with vowel harmony, which you will have a chance to learn more about in later lessons. For the time being, keep in mind that, in Korean, the vowels \u3157, \u3158, \u3159, \u314f, \u3150 and\u3152 are considered \u201cbright\u201d vowels, whereas the vowels \u315c, \u315d, \u315e, \u3153, \u3154 and \u3156 are \u201cdark\u201d vowels, which is why they cannot be mixed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1. Reading Complex Vowels<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Here are some key points about pronouncing these vowels.<\/p>\n<p>(1) Simplicity is best!<\/p>\n<p>The sounds <em>w<\/em> and <em>y<\/em> occurring in complex vowels are often weakened or dropped, especially in fast speech:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc2dc<strong>\uacc4<\/strong> [\uc2dc\uac8c] watch, clock<\/li>\n<li>\uc804<strong>\ud654<\/strong>\ubc88\ud638 [\uc800\ub098\ubc84\ub178] telephone number<\/li>\n<li>\uc548 <strong>\ub3fc<\/strong> [\uc548 \ub300] not okay, won\u2019t do (INFORMAL)<\/li>\n<li>\ubb50<strong>\uc608<\/strong>\uc694 [\uba38\uc5d0\uc694] what is [this]? (POLITE)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\ub193\uc544<\/strong>\uc694 [\ub194\uc694, \ub098:\uc694] let go (of)<\/li>\n<li>\uc2e4<strong>\ub840<\/strong>\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4 [\uc2e4\ub808\ud568\ub2c8\ub2e4] excuse me (POLITE)<\/li>\n<li>\ucc98\uc74c <strong>\ubd59<\/strong>\uaca0\uc5b4\uc694 [\ucca8: \ubca0\uaed8\uc368\uc694] How do you do. Literally, first time meeting you)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(2) \uc758<\/p>\n<p>The syllable \uc758 is pronounced as [\uc73c+\uc774] in one syllable when it is at the beginning of a word (e.g., \uc758\uc790, \uc758\uc0ac), but it is pronounced as \uc774 otherwise (e.g., \ubaa8\uc758). And strangely, \ud76c is ALWAYS pronounced as [\ud788], regardless of where it comes in the word!<\/p>\n<p>Practice reading out loud the following words. Then write out in square brackets [\u00a0 ] how they are pronounced.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\uc758<\/strong>\uc0ac [\uc758\uc0ac] doctor<\/li>\n<li><strong>\uc758<\/strong>\uc790 [\uc758\uc790] chair<\/li>\n<li>\ud3b8<strong>\uc758<\/strong>\uc810 [\ud3b4\ub2c8\uc810] convenience store<\/li>\n<li>\uad70<strong>\uc758<\/strong>\uad00 [\uad6c\ub2c8\uad00] army surgeon<\/li>\n<li>\uacbd<strong>\ud76c<\/strong> [\uacbd\ud788] female name<\/li>\n<li><strong>\ud76c<\/strong>\ub2e4 [\ud788\ub2e4] white<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2. Writing Complex Vowels<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanComplexVowelChart-300x192.png\" alt=\"Korean Complex Vowel Chart\" width=\"395\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanComplexVowelChart-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanComplexVowelChart-65x42.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanComplexVowelChart-225x144.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanComplexVowelChart-350x224.png 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanComplexVowelChart.png 736w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 395px) 100vw, 395px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. Complex Vowels<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Practice reading these words with your partner. Then circle the word that your partner says.<\/p>\n<p>1)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc640\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc6cc<\/p>\n<p>2)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc678\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc704<\/p>\n<p>3)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc704\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc65c<\/p>\n<p>4)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc758\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc774<\/p>\n<p>5)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc6e8\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc758\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc704<\/p>\n<p>6)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc608\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc65c\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc640<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2.\u00a0Complex Vowels<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Practice reading the following words, paying attention to the vowel quality. Then circle the word that your partner says.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3593-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"arrow pointing up\" class=\"wp-image-105 aligncenter\" width=\"107\" height=\"107\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3593-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3593-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3593-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3593-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3593-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3593.jpg 377w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 107px) 100vw, 107px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3589-e1653325233945-236x300.jpg\" alt=\"ampersand\" class=\"wp-image-101 aligncenter\" width=\"76\" height=\"97\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3589-e1653325233945-236x300.jpg 236w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3589-e1653325233945-65x83.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3589-e1653325233945-225x286.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3589-e1653325233945.jpg 247w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 76px) 100vw, 76px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3595-e1653325303165-300x157.jpg\" alt=\"two people bowing toward one another\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-108 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"157\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3590-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"three question marks\" class=\"wp-image-102 aligncenter\" width=\"108\" height=\"108\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3590-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3590-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3590-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3590-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3590-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3590.jpg 516w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 108px) 100vw, 108px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc704<\/p>\n<p>up<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc640<\/p>\n<p>and<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc608\uc758<\/p>\n<p>manner<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc65c<\/p>\n<p>why?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"person reading a book with thought bubble overhead\" class=\"wp-image-103 aligncenter\" width=\"102\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3591.jpg 729w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 102px) 100vw, 102px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3596-e1653325344771-300x236.jpg\" alt=\"doctor with stethoscope and headlight\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-109\" width=\"132\" height=\"104\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3596-e1653325344771-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3596-e1653325344771-65x51.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3596-e1653325344771-225x177.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3596-e1653325344771.jpg 336w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 132px) 100vw, 132px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3592-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"waiter serving a drink\" class=\"wp-image-104 aligncenter\" width=\"102\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3592-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3592-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3592-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3592-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3592-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3592.jpg 377w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 102px) 100vw, 102px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3594-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"chair with cushion\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-106\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc678\uc6cc\uc694<\/p>\n<p>memorize<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc758\uc0ac<\/p>\n<p>doctor<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc6e8\uc774\ud130<\/p>\n<p>waiter<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc758\uc790<\/p>\n<p>chair<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><strong>\ubcf5\uc790\uc74c Double (Tense) Consonants\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Korean has a series of tense consonant sounds that involve an extra build-up of air in the throat before releasing the consonant with NO aspiration \u2014 a louder \u201cpop\u201d and a high pitch. The tense \u3138, for example, is similar to how a certain cartoon character created in the 1980s says \u201cddoh!\u201d Similarly, the tense \u3146 is pronounced as a very loud or sharp-sounding [s]. The tense consonants are spelled as double but appear closer together, as one letter, and they are pronounced as one \u201ctense\u201d sound.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: auto;\">\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"width: 987px; height: 675px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 127.492px; height: 10px;\"><strong>Letter<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 112.555px;\"><strong>With \u314f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 214.562px; height: 10px;\"><strong>Name of the Letter<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 209.359px; height: 10px;\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 170.484px;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 127.492px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3132<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 112.555px;\">\uae4c<strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-37\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-37\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"37\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_CC1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 214.562px; height: 10px;\">\uc30d\uae30\uc5ed<\/p>\n<p><em>ssang gi-yeok<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 209.359px; height: 10px;\">\uc544\uae4c<\/p>\n<p>a while ago<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 170.484px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3598-e1653325400947-289x300.jpg\" alt=\"clock with arrow pointing counterclockwise\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-110\" width=\"96\" height=\"99\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3598-e1653325400947-289x300.jpg 289w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3598-e1653325400947-65x67.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3598-e1653325400947-225x233.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3598-e1653325400947-350x363.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3598-e1653325400947.jpg 371w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 96px) 100vw, 96px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 127.492px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3138<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 112.555px;\">\ub530<strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-38\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-38\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"38\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_CC2\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 214.562px; height: 10px;\">\uc30d\ub514\uadff<\/p>\n<p><em>ssang di-geut<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 209.359px; height: 10px;\">\uc774\ub530\uac00<\/p>\n<p>later<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 170.484px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3599-e1653325421165-275x300.jpg\" alt=\"clock with arrow pointing clockwise\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-111\" width=\"89\" height=\"97\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3599-e1653325421165-275x300.jpg 275w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3599-e1653325421165-65x71.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3599-e1653325421165-225x245.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3599-e1653325421165-350x381.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3599-e1653325421165.jpg 357w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 89px) 100vw, 89px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 127.492px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3143<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 112.555px;\">\ube60<strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-39\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-39\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"39\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_CC3\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 214.562px; height: 10px;\">\uc30d\ube44\uc74d<\/p>\n<p><em>ssang bi-eup<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 209.359px; height: 10px;\">\uc544\ube60<\/p>\n<p>dad<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 170.484px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3600-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"man wearing blue suit and red tie\" class=\"wp-image-112 aligncenter\" width=\"97\" height=\"97\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 127.492px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3146<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 112.555px;\">\uc2f8<strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-40\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-40\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"40\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_CC4\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 214.562px; height: 10px;\">\uc30d\uc2dc\uc637<\/p>\n<p><em>ssang si-ot<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 209.359px; height: 10px;\">\uc2f8\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>cheap<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 170.484px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3601.jpg\" alt=\"one dollar\" class=\"wp-image-113 aligncenter\" width=\"102\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3601.jpg 215w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3601-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3601-65x65.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 102px) 100vw, 102px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 127.492px; height: 10px;\"><strong>\u3149<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 112.555px;\">\uc9dc<strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-41\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-41\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"41\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"YSKPrelim1_CC5\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 214.562px; height: 10px;\">\uc30d\uc9c0\uc752<\/p>\n<p><em>ssang ji-eut<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 209.359px; height: 10px;\">\uc9dc\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>salty<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 170.484px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3602-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"salt shaker\" class=\"wp-image-114 aligncenter\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3602-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3602-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3602-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3602-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3602.jpg 348w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 106px) 100vw, 106px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Now, practice saying these words.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 123px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\"><strong>\uae4c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\">\u00a0<strong>\ub530<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\"><strong>\ube60<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\">\u00a0<strong>\uc2f8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\">\u00a0<strong>\uc9dc<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3598-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"clock with arrow pointing counterclockwise\" class=\"wp-image-110 aligncenter\" width=\"99\" height=\"99\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3599-e1653323863762-259x300.jpg\" alt=\"clock with arrow pointing clockwise\" class=\"wp-image-111 aligncenter\" width=\"95\" height=\"110\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3604-e1653325516753-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"one girl and one older boy with arrow pointing to boy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-116 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3604-e1653325516753-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3604-e1653325516753-65x36.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3604-e1653325516753-225x126.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3604-e1653325516753-350x196.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3604-e1653325516753.jpg 691w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3603-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"explosion\" class=\"wp-image-115 aligncenter\" width=\"98\" height=\"98\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3603-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3603-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3603-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3603-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3603-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3603.jpg 393w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 98px) 100vw, 98px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3605-e1653325545780-300x127.jpg\" alt=\"lies\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-117 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3605-e1653325545780-300x127.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3605-e1653325545780-65x28.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3605-e1653325545780-225x95.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3605-e1653325545780-350x148.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3605-e1653325545780.jpg 380w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 87px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 87px;\">\uc544\uae4c<\/p>\n<p>a while ago<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 87px;\">\uc774\ub530\uac00<\/p>\n<p>a little later<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 87px;\">\uc624\ube60<\/p>\n<p>older brother<span style=\"orphans: 1; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 87px;\">\uc2f8\uc6cc\uc694<\/p>\n<p>fights (polite)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.9784%; height: 87px;\">\uac00\uc9dc<\/p>\n<p>fake<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1. Reading Double (Tense) Consonants<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Here are a few notes about pronouncing double consonants.<\/p>\n<p>(1) Tense, aspirated, or plain?<\/p>\n<p>One of the most difficult pronunciations to master in Korean is the distinction between the three members of a series, such as \u3142, \u314d, and \u3143. The simple or \u201cplain\u201d consonants \u3131, \u3137, and \u3142 are pronounced with a slight popping of air but a very low pitch. The tense consonants \u3132, \u3138, and \u3143 sound very much like <em>b<\/em>, <em>d<\/em>, and <em>g<\/em> to native English speakers, but they tend to be harsher-sounding with a higher pitch. Finally, \u314d, \u314c, and \u314b are pronounced pretty much like the English <em>p<\/em>, <em>t<\/em>, and <em>k<\/em>, but with a greater puff of air (aspiration) coming out of the mouth. Korean is not a tone language like Chinese or Vietnamese, but it might help to think of the tense and aspirated consonants as having a higher pitch. Have your instructor or a Korean friend say the following triplets and test you!<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: auto;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"height: 969px; width: 926px; width: 694px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 176px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 176px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3607-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"red flag\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-119\" width=\"129\" height=\"129\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 176px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3613-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"man next to bar symbolizing height\" class=\"wp-image-123 aligncenter\" width=\"131\" height=\"131\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3613-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3613-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3613-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3613-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3613.jpg 337w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 131px) 100vw, 131px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 176px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3615-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"chicken leg with peas and a drink\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-125\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 10px;\">\uae30<\/p>\n<p>flag<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 10px;\">\ud0a4<\/p>\n<p>height<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 10px;\">\ub07c<\/p>\n<p>meal (counter)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 163px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 163px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3610-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"all\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-122\" width=\"147\" height=\"147\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 163px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3616-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"man driving a red car\" class=\"wp-image-126 aligncenter\" width=\"137\" height=\"137\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3616-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3616-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3616-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3616-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3616-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3616.jpg 353w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 137px) 100vw, 137px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 163px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3614-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"man picking berries off of a bush\" class=\"wp-image-124 aligncenter\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3614-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3614-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3614-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3614-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3614-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3614.jpg 489w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 128px) 100vw, 128px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 10px;\">\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>all<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 10px;\">\ud0c0<\/p>\n<p>Ride!<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 10px;\">\ub530<\/p>\n<p>Pick (it)!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 178px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 178px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3609-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"rain cloud with drops of rain\" class=\"wp-image-121 aligncenter\" width=\"135\" height=\"135\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3609-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3609-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3609-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3609-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3609-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3609.jpg 586w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 135px) 100vw, 135px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 178px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3606.jpg\" alt=\"drop of blood\" class=\"wp-image-118 aligncenter\" width=\"126\" height=\"126\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3606.jpg 272w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3606-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3606-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3606-225x225.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 126px) 100vw, 126px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 178px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3608-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"beep!\" class=\"wp-image-120 aligncenter\" width=\"130\" height=\"130\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3608-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3608-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3608-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3608-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3608-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3608.jpg 608w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 130px) 100vw, 130px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 10px;\">\ube44<\/p>\n<p>rain<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 10px;\">\ud53c<\/p>\n<p>blood<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 10px;\">\uc090<\/p>\n<p>beep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 166px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 166px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"one bill with coins next to an apple\" class=\"wp-image-92 aligncenter\" width=\"142\" height=\"142\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 166px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 166px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3601.jpg\" alt=\"one dollar\" class=\"wp-image-113 aligncenter\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3601.jpg 215w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3601-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3601-65x65.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 128px) 100vw, 128px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 31px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 31px;\">\uc0ac\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>to buy<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 31px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 31px;\">\uc2f8\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>inexpensive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 163px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 163px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3572-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"zzz... with moon and stars\" class=\"wp-image-80 aligncenter\" width=\"144\" height=\"144\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 163px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3573-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"foot wearing a red sneaker kicking a soccer ball\" class=\"wp-image-81 aligncenter\" width=\"144\" height=\"144\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 163px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3602-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"salt shaker\" class=\"wp-image-114 aligncenter\" width=\"117\" height=\"117\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3602-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3602-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3602-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3602-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3602.jpg 348w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 117px) 100vw, 117px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 62px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 289.25px; height: 62px;\">\uc790\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>to sleep<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 289.805px; height: 62px;\">\ucc28\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>to kick<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 297.617px; height: 62px;\">\uc9dc\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>salty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>(2) \u3145 and \u3146<\/p>\n<p>There are two different Korean s\u2019s \u2014 a plain \u3145 and a tense \u3146. With this pair, the tense \u3146 sounds more like the English <em>s<\/em> than the plain one. The tense \u3146 in Korean is just a bit more tensed, with a harsher hissing sound than is normal in English, and it has the familiar raised pitch of tense consonants. Try saying \uc2f8 with a good, tense \u3146. (\uc2f8 means <em>cheap<\/em> or <em>inexpensive<\/em>.)<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-300x220.jpg\" alt=\"one bill with coins next to an apple\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-92 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-65x48.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-225x165.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304-350x257.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3582-e1653324835304.jpg 377w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3601.jpg\" alt=\"one dollar\" class=\"wp-image-113 aligncenter\" width=\"127\" height=\"127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3601.jpg 215w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3601-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3601-65x65.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 127px) 100vw, 127px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3617.jpg\" alt=\"paper with text and pen\" class=\"wp-image-128 aligncenter\" width=\"127\" height=\"127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3617.jpg 282w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3617-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3617-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3617-225x225.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 127px) 100vw, 127px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3618-e1653325668570-300x160.jpg\" alt=\"two sunflower seeds\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-129 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3618-e1653325668570-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3618-e1653325668570-65x35.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3618-e1653325668570-225x120.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2020\/12\/IMG_3618-e1653325668570.jpg 331w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc0ac\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>to buy<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc2f8\ub2e4<\/p>\n<p>cheap<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc2dc<\/p>\n<p>poem<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">\uc528<\/p>\n<p>seed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>To pronounce a nice \u201cplain\u201d or soft \u3145, you might imagine there is an <em>h<\/em> sound before the \u3145. The pitch should be low, and the \u3145 should sound very soft. Try saying \uc0ac\ub791 in a breathy, romantic way, and your \u3145 will probably be about right. (\uc0ac\ub791 means love.)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2. Writing Double (Tense) Consonants<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanDoubleConsonantChart-300x138.png\" alt=\"Korean Double Consonant Chart\" width=\"372\" height=\"171\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanDoubleConsonantChart-300x138.png 300w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanDoubleConsonantChart-65x30.png 65w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanDoubleConsonantChart-225x103.png 225w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanDoubleConsonantChart-350x161.png 350w, https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/files\/2024\/07\/KoreanDoubleConsonantChart.png 737w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 1. Double (Tense) Consonants<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Practice reading these syllables with your partner. Then circle the word that your partner says.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: auto;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"height: 145px; width: 351px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 74.0625px;\">\uac00<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 71.0625px;\">\uc790<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 73.0625px;\">\uae4c<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 74.0625px;\">\ud558<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 78.0625px;\">\ubc14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 74.0625px;\">\uc0ac<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 71.0625px;\">\ube60<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 73.0625px;\">\uce74<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 74.0625px;\">\ub530<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 78.0625px;\">\uc9dc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 74.0625px;\">\uc2f8<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 71.0625px;\">\ucc28<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 73.0625px;\">\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 74.0625px;\">\ud0c0<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 78.0625px;\">\ud30c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 74.0625px;\">\uc544<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 71.0625px;\">\ub2e4<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 73.0625px;\">\ucc28<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 74.0625px;\">\ub9c8<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 78.0625px;\">\uce74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #696969; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">\uc5f0\uc2b5 2.\u00a0Double (Tense) Consonants<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Practice reading these words with your partner. Then circle the word that your partner says.<\/p>\n<p>1)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc544\uac00 baby\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc544\uae4c a while ago<\/p>\n<p>2)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ud0c0\ub2e4 to ride\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\ub530\ub2e4 to pick<\/p>\n<p>3)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc790\ub2e4 to sleep\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \ucc28\ub2e4 to kick\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc9dc\ub2e4 salty<\/p>\n<p>4)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc0ac\ub2e4 to buy\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc2f8\ub2e4 to be cheap<\/p>\n<p>5)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uac00\uc790 let\u2019s go\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uac00\uc9dc fake<\/p>\n<p>6)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uac00\ub2e4 to go\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uae4c\ub2e4 to peel<\/p>\n<p>7)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc544\ud30c to be sick\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uc544\ube60 dad<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1987"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1987\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2450,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1987\/revisions\/2450"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1987\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1987"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1987"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1987"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ysk.upenn.domains\/ysk1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1987"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}